Terpene

thcscience_admin

Simon Tseko Nkoli
Born(1957-11-26)26 November 1957
Soweto, Union of South Africa
Died30 November 1998(1998-11-30) (aged 41)
Johannesburg, South Africa
PartnerRoy Shepherd

Simon Tseko Nkoli (26 November 1957 – 30 November 1998) was an anti-apartheid, gay rights and AIDS activist in South Africa. Active in the Congress of South African Students (COSAS), the United Democratic Front, and the Gay Association of South Africa (GASA), he was arrested as part of the Delmas Treason Trial in 1984. After his release, he founded the Gay and Lesbian Organisation of the Witwatersrand (GLOW) and organized South Africa's first pride parade.

Early Life[edit]

On November 26, 1957, Nkoli was born in Soweto in a seSotho-speaking family with three other children during apartheid-era South Africa. Because of the apartheid government's pass laws, his family was not supposed to live together, so they periodically had to hide from law enforcement. After his parents separated, Nkoli lived with his grandparents who were tenant farmers to a white landlord in the Orange Free State. When his grandparents and landlord tried to convince him to work with them full time, he ran away to Johannesburg to go to school and lived with his mother in Sebokeng.

At age 19, Nkoli met Roy Shepherd, his lifelong partner. The following year, Nkoli came out as gay to his family, who tried to change his sexual orientation.[1][2]

Activism[edit]

Nkoli attended secretarial college in Johannesburg where he became a youth activist against apartheid, joining the Congress of South African Students (COSAS). After Nkoli became secretary for the Transvaal division of COSAS, he came out to them. Despite some resistance from within COSAS, he was allowed to keep this position.[1]

GASA and Delmas Treason Trial (1983-1987)[edit]

In 1983, Nkoli joined the Gay Association of South Africa (GASA) whose membership was primarily white. GASA called itself "apolitical", while others called it "accommodationist" or "apartheid-friendly."[3] They refused to support Nkoli's activism on race-related issues.[1]

Nkoli spoke at rallies in support of rent-boycotts in the Vaal townships and in 1984 he was arrested and faced the death penalty for treason with twenty-one other political leaders in the Delmas Treason Trial, including Popo Molefe and Patrick Lekota, collectively known as the Delmas 22. Nkoli came out as gay to his fellow defendants.[4]

Nkoli's imprisonment has been called "a watershed in gay politics" in South Africa. He is credited with influencing the attitude of the African National Congress towards being supportive of gay rights. As an openly gay man whose anti-apartheid activism led to his imprisonment, he assisted in linking the two movements together: "I cannot be free as a black man if I am not free as a gay man." [5][3]

In a 1985 letter sent from prison after his arrest Nkoli told his partner, Roy Shepherd, that "GASA has done nothing for me since I was arrested", though he wrote in the same letter that "some individual members of GASA are seeing me", and that "I will remain a member of Gasa always". The following year, he wrote that he was "absolutely mad to read about me being arrested on 'irrelevant' issues to gay related matters", and increasingly frustrated at a lack of support from GASA. In April 1987, he wrote: "I am not interested in Gasa at all. In fact I am no longer a member of Gasa – or I shall not be a member of Gasa again."[6] Although some sources claim that Nkoli was ejected from GASA after his arrest and trial.[1] He later formed the Saturday Group, the first black gay group in Africa.[citation needed]

Acquittal, AIDS and Gay rights activism (1988-1998)[edit]

Following Nkoli's acquittal and release from prison in 1988, he founded the Gay and Lesbian Organisation of the Witwatersrand (GLOW), the first gay rights organization based in the townships.[7] Along with LGBT activist, Beverley Palesa Ditsie, he organised the first pride parade in South Africa in 1990. He led the march through Johannesburg in chanting "Out of Closets— Into the Streets" and "Not the Church, Not the State— We Ourselves Decide Our Fate."[7][8]

That year, Nkoli also co-founded the Township AIDS Project which conducted HIV prevention programs and treatment campaigns.[7][1]

He travelled widely and was given several human rights awards in Europe and North America. He was a member of International Lesbian and Gay Association board, representing the African region.[7]

Nkoli was one of the first gay activists to meet with President Nelson Mandela in 1994. He helped in the campaign for the inclusion of protection from discrimination in the Bill of Rights in the 1994 South African constitution and for the repeal of the sodomy law, which happened in May 1998 in his last months.

After becoming one of the first publicly HIV-positive African gay men, he initiated the Positive African Men group based in central Johannesburg. He had been infected with HIV for around 12 years, and had been seriously ill, on and off, for the last four. He died of AIDS in 1998 in Johannesburg.

Personal life[edit]

Nkoli's surname is pronounced "Nkodi" and was often spelled this way, including by Nkoli himself.[6]

Nkoli met his partner, Roy Shepherd, at the age of 19. He later recalled meeting him at the GCC, or Gay Christian Community.[6] A collection of their letters, written during Nkoli's trial and imprisonment, was published as part of the GALA Queer Archive under the title Till the Time of Trial: The Prison Letters of Simon Nkoli.[6][9] Excerpts from these letters were also published in the book Yes, I Am!: Writing by South African Gay Men. [10]

Honours[edit]

Representation in Media[edit]

  • Canadian filmmaker John Greyson made a short film about Nkoli titled A Moffie Called Simon in 1987.[11]
  • Nkoli's account of coming out as a black gay activist in South Africa is included as a chapter in Mark Gevisser's and Edwin Cameron's Defiant Desire: Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa (1994) pages 249–257.
  • Nkoli was the subject of Robert Colman's 2003 play, "Your Loving Simon" and Beverley Ditsie's 2002 film "Simon & I".[12]
  • John Greyson's 2009 film Fig Trees, a hybrid documentary/opera includes reference to Nkoli's activism.[13]
  • South African musician Majola has a song called "Nkoli" on his album Boet/Sissy (2017)[4]
  • Athi-Patra Ruga created a sculpture called Proposed Model for Tseko Simon Nkoli Memorial (2017)[4][14]
  • In November 2023, a stage production honouring Nkoli's life and activism called Nkoli: The Vogue Opera premiered at Johannesburg's Market Theatre.[15] Developed as GLOW: The Life and Trials of Simon Nkoli, the production began in 2020 as a workshopped collaboration between South African composer Phillip Miller, the cast members, and various consultants who had known Nkoli (these included his mother Elizabeth, fellow activist Beverly Ditsie, and defence lawyer Caroline Heaton-Nicholls).[16] The final product incorporated Opera, Voguing and other aspects of Ballroom culture, hip hop, rap, anti-Apartheid protest songs, and other elements. It was written by Miller and South African musician Gyre, and directed by British actor Rikki Beadle-Blair.[17]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Simon Nkoli". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  2. ^ Mlambo, Dumile; Landman, JC (22 November 2017). "SU to honour equal rights activist, Simon Nkoli". Stellenbosch University. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b Cock, Jacklyn (2002). "Engendering gay and lesbian rights: the equality clause in the south african constitution". Women’s Studies International Forum. 26 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1016/s0277-5395(02)00353-9.
  4. ^ a b c d Ncube, Gibson (24 November 2022). "Simon Nkoli's fight for queer rights in South Africa is finally being celebrated – 24 years after he died". The Conversation. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  5. ^ Barnard-Naudé, Jaco; de Vos, Pierre (2022). "War by Other means: The law and politics of sexual minority freedom in post-apartheid South Africa". Queer Lawfare in Africa (PDF). Pretoria, South Africa: Pretoria University Law Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-7764116-8-9.
  6. ^ a b c d De Waal, Shaun; Martin, Karen (eds.), Till the Time of Trial: The Prison Letters of Simon Nkoli (PDF)
  7. ^ a b c d Hoad, Neville Wallace; Martin, Karen; Reid, Graeme, eds. (2005). Sex and Politics in South Africa. Cape Town: Double Storey. pp. 30–31, 169, 191, 239. ISBN 9781770130159.
  8. ^ Mohlamme, Charity (2006). "It Was Part of Our Coming Out...". In de Waal, Shaun; Manion, Anthony (eds.). Pride: Protest and Celebration. Fanele. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-77009-261-7.
  9. ^ Batra, Kanika (7 June 2021). "Love Letters and Legacies of Black Queer Self-Fashioning in South Africa | Kanika Batra | Essay". Brittle Paper. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  10. ^ Yes, I am! : writing by South African gay men. Robin Malan, Ashraf Johaardien. Mowbray, South Africa: Junkets Publisher. 2010. ISBN 978-0-620-45828-3. OCLC 645942318.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. ^ Botha, Martin (2002), "Homosexuality and South African Cinema", Kinema (Spring 2002), archived from the original on 29 August 2006
  12. ^ "Bev and Simon: a South African 'love story'", Radio Netherlands Archives, January 23, 2004
  13. ^ "Canadian filmmaker John Greyson Turns Down Offer to Appear at Israeli Film Festival", Imoovizine, 11 April 2009, archived from the original on 12 July 2009
  14. ^ O’Toole, Sean (1 March 2018). "Athi-Patra Ruga". Artforum. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  15. ^ Lishivha, Welcome. "Nkoli: The Vogue-Opera - Market Theatre". Market Theatre. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  16. ^ Nene, S'Bonakaliso (23 October 2022). "New show 'Glow' celebrates SA's queer freedom fighter, Simon Nkoli". Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  17. ^ Ansell, Gwen (16 November 2023). "Nkoli: The Vogue Opera – the making of a musical about a queer liberation activist in South Africa". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  • Sunday Times, South Africa - Sunday, 6 December 1998
  • Excerpts from: Aldrich R. & Wotherspoon G., Who's Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History, from WWII to Present Day, Routledge, London, 2001

External links[edit]

See also[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Nkoli

Leave a Reply