Second Blair ministry | |
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![]() Cabinet of the United Kingdom | |
2001–2005 | |
![]() | |
Date formed | 8 June 2001 |
Date dissolved | 6 May 2005 |
People and organisations | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister | Tony Blair |
Prime Minister's history | 1997–2007 |
Deputy Prime Minister | John Prescott |
Member party | |
Status in legislature | Majority 412 / 659 (63%) |
Opposition cabinet | |
Opposition party | |
Opposition leader |
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History | |
Election | 2001 general election |
Outgoing election | 2005 general election |
Legislature terms | 53rd UK Parliament |
Budgets | |
Predecessor | First Blair ministry |
Successor | Third Blair ministry |
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Leader of the Opposition
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Policies
Appointments
First ministry and term
Second ministry and term
Third ministry and term
Post–Prime Minister
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The second Blair ministry lasted from June 2001 to May 2005. Following the financial crisis in Japan at the end of the 1990s, there was a brief recession in other parts of the developed world including Germany,[1] Italy and France in the early-2000s, but the UK avoided recession and continued to maintain a strong economy and low unemployment.[2]
By the time the next general election was on the horizon, Labour were looking well positioned for a record third successive term in government. Unemployment remained low and the economy remained strong with more than a decade of unbroken growth, and education and healthcare had changed for the better as a result of expenditure by Labour. However, the Labour government had attracted controversy by sending British troops to fight in Afghanistan in the aftermath of the 11 September terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001, and even more so when it joined the American-led invasion of Iraq eighteen months later – particularly when it emerged that the ousted Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's alleged weapons of mass destruction were never found, and serious questions were raised about the issue of going to war. Although the regimes in both of these countries were swiftly ended by British and American troops, the remaining British forces were not withdrawn from Iraq until 2009 and not from Afghanistan until 2021.
Soon after the controversial invasion of Iraq in 2003, Labour support in the opinion polls fell and the Conservatives drew level with them in at least one poll during 2003. However, this did little to end speculation about the future of their unpopular leader Iain Duncan Smith and in October 2003, he lost a vote of no confidence and was replaced by Michael Howard, who stood unopposed for the leadership role and took control without a leadership contest.
Cabinet
[edit]Changes
[edit]- May 2002 – Stephen Byers resigns and the Department of Transport, Local Government & the Regions is broken up. Alistair Darling becomes Secretary of State for Transport. John Prescott's Office of the Deputy Prime Minister assumes the Local Government & the Regions portfolio. Andrew Smith becomes Work and Pensions Secretary. Paul Boateng becomes Chief Secretary to the Treasury. Complete list of changes
- October 2002 – Estelle Morris resigns. Charles Clarke becomes Education Secretary; John Reid becomes Minister without Portfolio and Labour Party chairman. Paul Murphy becomes Northern Ireland Secretary. Peter Hain becomes Welsh Secretary.
- March 2003 – Robin Cook resigns. John Reid becomes Lord President of the Council & Leader of the House of Commons. Ian McCartney becomes Minister without Portfolio and Labour Party chairman.
- May 2003 – Clare Short resigns and is succeeded by The Baroness Amos as International Development Secretary.
- June 2003 – In a reshuffle John Reid becomes Health Secretary. The Lord Falconer of Thoroton assumes the new position of Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs, also becoming Lord Chancellor. Alistair Darling becomes Scottish Secretary remaining also Transport Secretary. Peter Hain becomes Lord Privy Seal & Leader of the House of Commons, remaining also Welsh Secretary. Alan Milburn, The Lord Irvine and Helen Liddell leave the Cabinet. Complete list of changes
- October 2003 – The Baroness Amos becomes Lord President of the Council & Leader of the House of Lords, following the death of The Lord Williams of Mostyn. Hilary Benn becomes International Development Secretary.
- September 2004 – Andrew Smith resigns as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and is succeeded by Alan Johnson. Alan Milburn returns to government with a seat in the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster mainly at the head of policy co-ordination; he replaces Douglas Alexander, who was not in the Cabinet.
- December 2004 – David Blunkett resigns as Home Secretary and is succeeded by Charles Clarke. Ruth Kelly succeeds Clarke as Secretary of State for Education and Skills.
List of ministers
[edit]
Prime Minister, the Cabinet Office and non-Departmental ministers
[edit]Cabinet Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Tony Blair | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
John Prescott | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
The Lord Macdonald of Tradeston | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Douglas Alexander | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Alan Milburn | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for the Cabinet Office | Baroness Morgan of Huyton (also Deputy Minister for Women) | June–November 2001 | |
Barbara Roche (also Deputy Minister for Women) | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Douglas Alexander | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Ruth Kelly | September–December 2004 | ||
David Miliband | December 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain | The Lord Irvine of Lairg | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
The Lord Falconer of Thoroton | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord President of the Council | Robin Cook | June 2001 – March 2003 | |
John Reid | March 2003 – June 2003 | ||
The Lord Williams of Mostyn | June–September 2003 | ||
The Baroness Amos | September 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | The Lord Williams of Mostyn | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Peter Hain | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Charles Clarke | June 2001 – October 2002 | ||
John Reid | October 2002 – April 2003 | ||
Ian McCartney | April 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Chris Leslie | June 2001 – May 2002 |
Departments of state
[edit]Treasury | |||
---|---|---|---|
Chancellor of the Exchequer | Gordon Brown | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Chief Secretary to the Treasury | Andrew Smith | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Paul Boateng | May 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Paymaster General | Dawn Primarolo | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Financial Secretary to the Treasury | Paul Boateng | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Ruth Kelly | May 2002 – September 2004 | ||
Stephen Timms | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Economic Secretary to the Treasury | Ruth Kelly | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
John Healey | May 2002 – May 2005 |
Foreign and Commonwealth Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs | Jack Straw | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for the Middle East | The Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean (also Minister for Trade jointly with Trade and Industry June 2001 – June 2003) | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for Europe | Peter Hain | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
Denis MacShane | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America | Denis MacShane | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
Minister for Trade | Mike O'Brien (jointly with Trade and Industry) | June 2003 – September 2004 | |
Douglas Alexander (jointly with Trade and Industry) | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Ben Bradshaw | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Baroness Amos | June 2001 – May 2003 | ||
Mike 0'Brien | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Bill Rammell | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Chris Mullin | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Home Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Home Secretary | David Blunkett | June 2001 – December 2004 | |
Charles Clarke | December 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Policing | John Denham | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Hazel Blears | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Prisons | Keith Bradley | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Hilary Benn | May 2002 – May 2003 | ||
The Baroness Scotland of Asthal | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Immigration, Citizenship and Counterterrorism | The Lord Rooker | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Beverley Hughes | May 2002 – April 2004 | ||
Des Browne | April 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Criminal Policy | Lord Falconer | May 2002 – June 2003 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Beverley Hughes | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Bob Ainsworth | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Angela Eagle | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Lord Filkin | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Michael Wills | May 2002 – July 2003 | ||
Paul Goggins | May 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Caroline Flint | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Fiona MacTaggart | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | Margaret Beckett | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for the Environment | Michael Meacher | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Elliot Morley | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Rural Affairs | Alun Michael | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Elliot Morley | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Lord Whitty | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Ben Bradshaw | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Baroness Ashton of Upholland (jointly with Constitutional Affairs) | September 2004 – May 2005 |
Defence | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Defence | Geoff Hoon | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for the Armed Forces | Adam Ingram | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister for Defence Procurement | The Lord Bach | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Veterans | Lewis Moonie | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Ivor Caplin | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Education and Skills | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Education and Skills | Estelle Morris | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
Charles Clarke | October 2002 – December 2004 | ||
Ruth Kelly | December 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Schools | Stephen Timms | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
David Miliband | October 2002 – December 2004 | ||
Stephen Twigg | December 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Higher Education | Margaret Hodge | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Alan Johnson | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Kim Howells | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Children | Margaret Hodge | June 2003 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Early Years & School Standards (jointly with Work & Pensions from June 2003) | Baroness Ashton of Upholland | June 2001 – September 2004 | |
Lord Filkin | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Adult Skills | John Healey | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Ivan Lewis | May 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Young People & Learning | Ivan Lewis | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Stephen Twigg | May 2002 – December 2004 |
Health | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Health | Alan Milburn | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
John Reid | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Health Services | Jacqui Smith | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Rosie Winterton | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Health | John Hutton | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister for Public Health | Yvette Cooper | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
David Lammy | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Melanie Johnson | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Lord Hunt of Kings Heath | June 2001 – March 2003 | |
Hazel Blears | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Stephen Ladyman | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord Warner | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Work and Pensions | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions | Alistair Darling | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Andrew Smith | May 2002 – September 2004 | ||
Alan Johnson | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Pensions | Ian McCartney | June 2001 – April 2003 | |
Malcolm Wicks | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Work | Nick Brown | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Des Browne | June 2003 – April 2004 | ||
Jane Kennedy | April 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Baroness Hollis of Heigham | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Disabled People | Maria Eagle | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Work | Malcolm Wicks | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Chris Pond | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Sure Start (jointly with Education) | Baroness Ashton of Upholland | June 2003 – September 2004 |
Culture, Media and Sport | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport | Tessa Jowell | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister for the Arts | The Baroness Blackstone | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Estelle Morris | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Sport | Richard Caborn | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Kim Howells | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Lord McIntosh of Haringey | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions | Stephen Byers | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Secretary of State for Transport | Alistair Darling | May 2002 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for Transport | John Spellar | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Kim Howells | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Tony McNulty | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Local Government | Nick Raynsford (also Minister for London) | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Minister for Housing and Planning | Lord Falconer of Thoroton | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Sally Keeble | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Alan Whitehead | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
David Jamieson | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Tony McNulty | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Charlotte Atkins | September 2004 – May 2005 |
Department for Constitutional Affairs | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs | The Lord Falconer of Thoroton | June 2003 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Chris Leslie | June 2003 – May 2005 | |
David Lammy | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord Filkin | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Anne McGuire (Scotland) | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Don Touhig (Wales) | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Baroness Ashton of Upholland (jointly with Environment) | September 2004 – May 2005 |
Department of Trade and Industry | |||
---|---|---|---|
Minister for Women | Patricia Hewitt | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for E-Commerce & Competitiveness | Douglas Alexander | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Stephen Timms | May 2002 – September 2004 | ||
Minister of State for Energy & E-Commerce | Mike O'Brien | September 2004 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for Trade & Investment | Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean (jointly with Foreign Office) | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Mike O'Brien (jointly with Foreign Office) | June 2003 – September 2004 | ||
Douglas Alexander (jointly with Foreign Office) | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Industry & Energy | Brian Wilson | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Jacqui Smith (also Deputy Minister for Women) | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State for Employment Relations & the Regions | Alan Johnson | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Science & Innovation | Lord Sainsbury of Turville | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Competition, Consumers & Markets | Melanie Johnson | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Small Business | Nigel Griffiths | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Employment Relations & Consumer Affairs | Gerry Sutcliffe | June 2003 – May 2005 |
International Development | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for International Development | Clare Short | June 2001 – May 2003 | |
The Baroness Amos | May 2003 – October 2003 | ||
Hilary Benn | October 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State | Hilary Benn | May 2003 – October 2003 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Hilary Benn | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Sally Keeble | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Gareth Thomas | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Northern Ireland Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland | John Reid | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
Paul Murphy | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State | Jane Kennedy | June 2001 – April 2004 | |
John Spellar | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Ian Pearson | April 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Des Browne | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Baroness Smith of Basildon | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Ian Pearson | October 2002 – April 2004 | ||
Barry Gardiner | April 2004 – May 2005 |
Scotland Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Scotland | Helen Liddell | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Alistair Darling | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister of State | Baron Foulkes of Cumnock | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Anne McGuire | May 2002 – May 2005 |
Wales Office | |||
---|---|---|---|
Secretary of State for Wales | Paul Murphy | June 2001 – October 2002 | |
Peter Hain | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Don Touhig | June 2001 – May 2005 |
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister | |||
---|---|---|---|
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Secretary of State for Local Government and the Regions | John Prescott | May 2002 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for Local Government and the Regions | Nick Raynsford (also Minister for London May 2002 – March 2003) | May 2002 – May 2005 | |
Minister of State for Housing and Planning | Lord Rooker | May 2002 – June 2003 | |
Keith Hill (also Minister for London) | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Minister for Social Exclusion, Regional Co-ordination (also Deputy Minister for Women) | Barbara Roche | May 2002 – June 2003 | |
Minister of State for Regeneration & Regional Development | Lord Rooker | June 2003 – May 2005 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Housing, Planning and Regeneration | Tony McNulty (also Minister for London March 2003 – June 2003) | May 2002 – June 2003 | |
Phil Hope | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Local Government & the Regions | Chris Leslie | May 2002 – June 2003 | |
Yvette Cooper | June 2003 – May 2005 |
Lord Chancellors Department | |||
---|---|---|---|
Lord Chancellor | Lord Irvine of Lairg | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State | Baroness Scotland of Asthal | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Michael Wills | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Rosie Winterton | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Yvette Cooper | May 2002 – June 2003 |
Law officers
[edit]Law Officers | |||
---|---|---|---|
Attorney General for England and Wales | Peter Goldsmith | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Solicitor General for England and Wales | Harriet Harman | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Advocate General for Scotland | Baroness Clark of Calton | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Lord Advocate | Baron Boyd of Duncansby | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Solicitor General for Scotland | Baron Davidson of Glen Cova | June 2001 – November 2001 | |
Elish Angiolini | November 2001 – May 2005 |
Parliament
[edit]Parliament | |||
---|---|---|---|
Leader of the House of Commons | Robin Cook | June 2001 – March 2003 | |
John Reid | March 2003 – June 2003 | ||
Peter Hain | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Deputy Leader of the House of Commons | Stephen Twigg | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Ben Bradshaw | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Phil Woolas | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Leader of the House of Lords | The Lord Williams of Mostyn | June 2001 – September 2003 | |
The Baroness Amos | September 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Deputy Leader of the House of Lords | Baroness Symons | June 2001 – May 2005 |
Whips
[edit]Whips | |||
---|---|---|---|
Hilary Armstrong | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Treasurer of HM Household (Deputy Chief Whip) | Keith Hill | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Bob Ainsworth | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Comptroller of HM Household | Thomas McAvoy | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household | Gerry Sutcliffe | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Jim Fitzpatrick | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Junior Lords of the Treasury Whips |
Anne McGuire | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
John Heppell | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Tony McNulty | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Nick Ainger | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Graham Stringer | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Ian Pearson | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Jim Fitzpatrick | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Phil Woolas | May 2002 – June 2003 | ||
Bill Rammell | Oct 2002 | ||
Jim Murphy | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Joan Ryan | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Derek Twigg | June 2003 – December 2004 | ||
Gillian Merron | December 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Assistant Whips | Ian Pearson | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Fraser Kemp | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Baroness Smith of Basildon | June 2001 – October 2002 | ||
Ivor Caplin | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
JIm Fitzpatrick | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Phil Woolas | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Dan Norris | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Charlotte Atkins | October 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Gillian Merron | October 2002 – December 2004 | ||
Vernon Coaker | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Paul Clark | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Margaret Moran | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Bridget Prentice | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Tom Watson | September 2004 – May 2005 | ||
Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms Chief Whip |
Baron Carter | June 2001 – May 2002 | |
Lord Grocott | May 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard Deputy Chief Whip |
Lord McIntosh of Haringey | June 2001 – June 2003 | |
Lord Davies of Oldham | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord and Baronesses-in-Waiting Whips |
Baroness Farrington of Ribbleton | June 2001 – May 2005 | |
Lord Davies of Oldham | June 2001 – June 2003 | ||
Lord Grocott | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Lord Filkin | June 2001 – May 2002 | ||
Lord Bassam of Brighton | June 2001 – May 2005 | ||
Baroness Crawley | January 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Baroness Andrews | January 2002 – May 2005 | ||
Lord Evans of Temple Guiting | June 2003 – May 2005 | ||
Lord Triesman | December 2003 – May 2005 |
References
[edit]- ^ "Germany's recession ends". BBC News. 23 May 2002.
- ^ "French economy in trouble". BBC News. 20 August 2003.
General
- Ministers in the Labour Governments: 1997–2010 – Parliamentary Information List, House of Commons Library, 3 July 2012
- D. Butler and G. Butler (ed.), Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000[publisher missing][ISBN missing]
External links
[edit]- "Ministerial Departures since 1997 – Parliamentary Information List" (PDF). House of Commons Library. 24 February 2009.