![]() 1882 cover | |
Discipline | Chemistry |
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Language | German, English |
Publication details | |
History | 1832–1997 |
Publisher | |
Standard abbreviations | |
ISO 4 | Liebigs Ann. |
Indexing | |
CODEN | LACHDL |
ISSN | 0170-2041 |
Links | |
Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (often cited as Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others[1] until Liebig's death in 1873. The journal was originally titled Annalen der Pharmacie;[2] its name was changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874.[3] In its first decades of publishing, the journal was both a periodical containing news of the chemical and pharmaceutical fields and a publisher of primary research. During this time, it was noted to contain rebuttals and criticism of the works it published, inserted by Justus von Liebig during his tenure as an editor.[4] After 1874, changes were made to editorial policies, and the journal published only completed research; later on, in the 20th century, its focus was narrowed to only print articles on organic chemistry.[2]
The journal has undergone many mergers and changes in name throughout its history. In 1997, the journal merged with Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas to form Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, and in 1998, it was absorbed by European Journal of Organic Chemistry by merger of a number of other national European chemistry journals.[5] By this time, over 750 volumes of the journal had been printed.[6]
Content
[edit]Liebigs Annalen may have been the first German scientific journal to publish the news of the discovery of ether as it is used in surgical anesthesia,[7] which Liebig had been informed of through a letter from Edward Everett that included a paper written by Henry Jacob Bigelow.[8] Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev both published their versions of the periodic table in Liebigs Annalen in 1870 and 1871, respectively.[9]
Many chemical syntheses were published in Liebigs Annalen. Among these were Robert Bunsen's preparation of metals such as lithium via electrolysis,[10] the synthesis of hematoporphyrin, for which Hans Fischer won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry,[11] and many of Georg Wittig's publications, including the preparation of phenyllithium.[12][13] From 1839 to 1855, the journal published a summary report of the advances made in chemistry for the year. By 1957, the content of Liebigs Annalen was entirely organic chemistry.[2]
Publications in Liebigs Annalen were focused mainly on experimental and organic chemistry;[14] as an editor, Justus von Liebig would often promote his own work in the journal, including articles on combustion and substitution. Liebig would also publish his criticism on articles published in the journal, including attacks on theoretical frameworks of organic chemistry that were in conflict with his support of radical theory.[4] These criticisms were later described by chemist and historian J. R. Partington in his series A History of Chemistry as "competent", but "sometimes beyond all reason".[15] Following Liebig's death, Jacob Volhard, head of the group publishing the Annalen in 1878, altered the policies of the journal to only accept and print finished research papers not already printed in other papers and "to exclude articles of a polemical nature".[2]
History
[edit]Liebigs Annalen started as the publication of the work of Justus von Liebig as a druggist's apprentice, along with the work of his friends and students, and was published on a regular monthly basis from 1832 to 1873, with some supplementary volumes printed throughout the 1860s and 70s. The original Annalen der Pharmacie was formed from a merger between two pharmaceutical journals: the Magazin fur Pharmazie und die dahin einschlagenden Wissenschaften, at which Liebig started working as an editor in 1831, and Archiv der Pharmazie, edited by Rudolph Brandes. In 1834, the Neues Journal der Pharmazie fur Arzte, Apotheker und Chemiker was merged with the Annalen, resulting in a brief period wherein there were 4 editors: Liebig, Brandes, Philipp Lorenz Geiger (the original editor of the Magazin fur Pharmazie), and Johann Trommsdorff.[2] The first volume of the journal after the merger included papers from several well-known names in chemistry, including Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, not to mention Liebig himself.[16] Brandes withdrew from the journal in 1835 due to disagreements with Liebig, going on to publish the Archiv der Pharmazie independently;[17] Annalen der Pharmacie was renamed to Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie around this period in 1840 in an effort to be more inclusive and attractive to a European audience.[2][18]
In 1837, Liebig left Germany and met with Thomas Graham and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the latter of which he had feuded with several years earlier.[19] Upon returning to Germany, Liebig fired his co-editors, making himself the sole editor of the Annalen, though he acknowledged the cooperation of Graham and Dumas as editors from 1838 to 1842. At this point, the journal was starting publication outside of Germany, namely in France and England. Liebig would break away from Graham and Dumas in 1842, and remained the only editor until 1851, at which point he invited Hermann Kopp to take over management of the journal; Kopp's name would appear on the title page of the journal as editor from 1851 until his death in 1892, though several other editors, including Jacob Volhard, joined the editorial board during his tenure.[2]
After Liebig's death in 1873, the journal's name changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. This name was shortened to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874,[2] which was kept until it was merged with the Dutch journal Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas in 1997. Shortly before the merger, in 1995, Liebigs Annalen started publishing articles in English. The resulting publication, titled Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, became part of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry in January 1998.[20] At the time of the merger, over 750 volumes of Liebigs Annalen in its various forms had been published.[6]
Prior to the mergers in the late 20th century, Liebigs Annalen faced difficulties due to paper shortages and reduced research publication during World War I, the deaths of several editors in the 1910s, and further publishing difficulties during World War II. For several years prior to World War II, several Nobel Prize recipients served on the editorial board, including Richard Willstätter, Adolf Windaus, Heinrich Otto Wieland and Hans Fischer.[2]
Title history
[edit]- Annalen der Pharmacie, 1832–1839
- Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1840–1873 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
- Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1873–1874 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
- Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 1874–1944 & 1947–1978 (ISSN 0075-4617, CODEN JLACBF)
- Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1979–1994 (ISSN 0170-2041, CODEN LACHDL)
- Liebigs Annalen, 1995–1996 (ISSN 0947-3440, CODEN LANAEM)
- Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, 1997 (ISSN 0947-3440, CODEN LIARFV)
- European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998+ (Print ISSN 1434-193X; eISSN 1099-0690, CODEN EJOCFK)
Selected notable publications
[edit]- Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (1834). "Analysis of the Alais meteorite and implications about life in other worlds". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 10: 134–135.
- Hofmann, A. W. (1845). "Ueber eine sichere Reaction auf Benzol" [On a reliable test for benzene]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 55 (2): 200–205, especially 204–205. doi:10.1002/jlac.18450550205. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22.
- Bunsen, Robert (1855). "Darstellung des Lithiums" [Preparation of lithium]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 94: 107–111. doi:10.1002/jlac.18550940112.
- Butlerov, Aleksandr (1859). "Ueber einige Derivate des Jodmethylens" [On some derivatives of methylene iodide]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 111: 242–252.
- Mendeleev, D. I. (1871). "Die periodische Gesetzmässigkeit der chemischen Elemente" [The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. Supplementband (8): 133–229.
- Ladenburg A (1880). "Die natürlich vorkommenden mydriatisch wirkenden Alkaloïde" [The naturally occurring alkaloids that act mydriatically [i.e., to dilate the pupils]]. Annalen der Chemie. 206 (3): 274–307. doi:10.1002/jlac.18812060303.
- Fischer, H.; Zeile, K. (1929). "Synthese des Hämatoporphyrins, Protoporphyrins und Hämins" [Synthesis of Hematoprophyrin, Protoporphyrin and Hemin]. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 468 (1): 98–116. doi:10.1002/jlac.19294680104.
- Wittig, G.; Löhmann, L. (1942). "Über die kationotrope Isomerisation gewisser Benzyläther bei Einwirkung von Phenyl-lithium". Liebig's Ann. 550: 260–268. doi:10.1002/jlac.19425500117.
References
[edit]- ^ Royal Society of London (1 January 1875). "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 24: xxvii–xxxvii. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Van Klooster, H. S. (January 1957). "The story of Liebig's Annalen der Chemie". Journal of Chemical Education. 34 (1): 27. doi:10.1021/ed034p27. ISSN 0021-9584. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Leicester, Henry Marshall (1971). The historical background of chemistry. New York: Dover Publications. p. 214. ISBN 0486610535. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ a b Phillips, J. P. (1966-01-01). "Liebig and Kolbe, Critical Editors". Chymia. 11: 89–97. doi:10.2307/27757261. ISSN 0095-9367. JSTOR 27757261.
- ^ "Overview". Chemistry Europe. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ a b "European Journal of Organic Chemistry - Issue Archive". Wiley. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- ^ von Liebig, Justus (1847). "Chirurgische Operationen unter dem Einflusse des Aetherdampfes" [Surgical operations under the influence of ether]. Ann. Chem. Pharm. 61: 246–248.
- ^ Schwarz, W; Hintzenstern, U.v (December 2002). "Justus von Liebig (1803–1873): a chemist's contributions to anaesthesia". International Congress Series. 1242: 323–328. doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00719-7.
- ^ Meyer, Michal (June 19, 2013). "An Element of Order". Science History Institute. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ Dronsfield, Alan (June 30, 2010). "Look who discovered caesium..." RSC Education. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "Hans Fischer – Facts". Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- ^ Tochtermann, Werner (March 1997). "Georg Wittig (1897–1987)". Liebigs Annalen. 1997 (3). doi:10.1002/jlac.199719970303. ISSN 0947-3440.
- ^ Goedecke, Catharina (June 16, 2022). "125th Birthday: Georg Wittig". ChemistryViews. doi:10.1002/chemv.202200048.
- ^ Fruton, Joseph S. (1988). "The Liebig Research Group: A Reappraisal". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 132 (1): 1–66. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 3143824. Archived from the original on 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Gebelein, Helmut (2004). "Justus Liebig: Life and Work" (PDF). Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Chimica (13).
- ^ Nagendrappa, Gopalpur (August 2013). "Justus Freiherr von Liebig". Resonance. 18 (8): 709. doi:10.1007/s12045-013-0092-5. ISSN 0971-8044.
- ^ Friedrich, Christoph; Helmstädter, Axel (January 2022). "Archiv der Pharmazie—200 years". Archiv der Pharmazie. 355 (1). doi:10.1002/ardp.202100392. ISSN 0365-6233. Archived from the original on 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Blondel-Mégrelis, Marika (2007). "Liebig or How to Popularize Chemistry" (PDF). Hyle: International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry. 13 (1): 43–54. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ Rocke, Alan J. (1993). "4— Gerhardt and Wurtz". The Quiet Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- ^ Engberts, Jan B. F. N.; Hafner, Klaus; Hopf, Henning (September 20, 1997). Temme, Robert (ed.). "What is going to become of Chemische Berichte/Recueil and Liebigs Annalen/Recueil?" (PDF). Jahrgang. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
External links
[edit]- Official website of European Journal of Organic Chemistry (the successor journal of Liebigs Annalen, including a complete archive of the latter)
- Liebigs Annalen at the Internet Archive
- Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie at the Hathi Trust