| Hexaplex Temporal range: 61.7 - 0 Ma
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| Two views of a shell of Hexaplex cichoreum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | Hexaplex Perry, 1811 |
| Type species | |
| Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily muracinae of the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.[1]
This genus is known in the fossil record from the Paleocene to the Quaternary period (age range: from 61.7 to 0.012 million years ago.). Fossil shells within this genus have been found all over the world.[2]
Description[edit]
This genus includes shells in the family Muricidae that are solid and globose. They contain five to eight varices that are more or less foliaceous.
Species[edit]
Species within the genus Hexaplex include :[1]
- Hexaplex angularis (Lamarck, 1822)
- †Hexaplex arietinus (Millet, 1865)
- Hexaplex bifasciatus (A. Adams, 1853)
- † Hexaplex bourgeoisi (Tournouër, 1875)
- Hexaplex brassica (Lamarck, 1822)
- Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Hexaplex conatus (McMichael, 1964)
- Hexaplex duplex Röding, 1798
- Hexaplex erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831)
- Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby II, 1834)
- Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1875)
- † Hexaplex ledoni Ceulemans, van Dingenen, Merle & Landau, 2016
- Hexaplex megacerus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834)
- Hexaplex pecchiolianus (d'Ancona, 1871)
- Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833)
- Hexaplex regius (Swainson, 1821)
- Hexaplex rileyi D'Attilio & Myers, 1984
- Hexaplex rosarium (Röding, 1798)
- Hexaplex saharicus (Locard, 1897)
- Hexaplex stainforthi (Reeve, 1843)
- † Hexaplex tapparonii (Bellardi, 1873)
- † Hexaplex tridentatus (Tate, 1888)
- Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Hexaplex turonensis (Dujardin, 1837)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Hexaplex ambiguus (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus ambiguus (Reeve, 1845)
- Hexaplex anatomica Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811) (original combination)
- Hexaplex bojadorensis (Locard, 1897): synonym of Favartia bojadorensis (Locard, 1897)
- Hexaplex bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990): synonym of Hexaplex kusterianus bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990),: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990)
- Hexaplex foliacea Perry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) (synonym)
- Hexaplex fusca Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
- Hexaplex kusterianus: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone Canefri, 1875) (misspelling)
- Hexaplex nigritus (Philippi, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus nigritus (Philippi, 1845)
- Hexaplex punctuata Perry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex fulvescens (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834) (nomen oblitum)
- Hexaplex puniceus W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868)
- Hexaplex radix (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Muricanthus radix (Gmelin, 1791)
- Hexaplex ryalli Houart, 1993: synonym of Hexaplex saharicus ryalli Houart, 1993 (original combination)
- Hexaplex strausi (A.H. Verrill, 1950): synonym of Muricanthus strausi (A. H. Verrill, 1950)
- Hexaplex tenuis Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
- Hexaplex turbinatus : synonym of Hexaplex duplex (Röding, 1798)
- Hexaplex varius (Sowerby II, 1834): synonym of Chicoreus varius (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834)
Extinct species[edit]
Extinct species within the genus Hexaplex include:[2]
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) colei Palmer 1937
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) engonatus Conrad 1833
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) etheringtoni Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) katherinae Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) marksi Harris 1894
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) silvaticus Palmer 1937
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) supernus Palmer 1947
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) texanus Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) vanuxemi Conrad 1865
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) veatchi Maury 1910
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) bourgeoisi Tournouër 1875
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) brevicanthos Sismonda 1847
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) campanii De Stefani and Pantanelli 1878
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) rudis Borson 1821
- †Hexaplex hertweckorum Petuch 1988
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Hexaplex Perry, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138194 on 2010-11-01
- ^ a b Fossilworks
Further reading[edit]
- Radwin G. E. & D'Attilio A. (1986) Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, x + pp. 1–284 incl 192 figs. + 32 pls.
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
- Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.