Henry Erskine may refer to:

• Henry Erskine (minister) (1624–1696), Scottish Presbyterian minister
• Henry Erskine, 3rd Lord Cardross (1650–1693), covenanter
• Sir Henry Erskine, 5th Baronet (c. 1710–1765), Member of Parliament for Ayr Burghs 1749–1754 and Anstruther Easter Burghs 1754–1765
• Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan (1710–1767), Scottish peer
• Henry Erskine (lawyer) (1746–1817), MP for Haddington Burghs from April to November 1806, and for Dumfries Burghs from 1806 to 1807
• Henry Erskine, 12th Earl of Buchan (1783–1857)
• Henry Erskine (priest) (died 1859), second son of Lord Erskine and Anglican dean of Ripon Minster
• Henry Thomas Alexander Erskine, 18th Earl of Buchan, Scottish peer and landowner