Chaparro is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aldo Chaparro (born 1965), Peruvian sculptor known for his works in stainless steel
• Benigno Chaparro (born 1958), retired Paraguayan professional footballer
• Cristián Chaparro (born 1975), former Argentine footballer
• Ernesto Chaparro (1901–1957), Chilean football defender
• David Chaparro (1875–1963), Peruvian politician
• Fernando Chaparro (born 1964), Argentine sprint canoeist
• José Chaparro (1830–1906), Peruvian politician
• Janelee Chaparro (born 1991), Puerto Rican model and beauty queen
• Jonathan Chaparro (born 1999), American social justice and civil rights activist.
• Jorge Garbajosa Chaparro (born 1977), retired Spanish professional basketball player
• Leandro Chaparro (born 1991), Argentine footballer
• Mario Arturo Acosta Chaparro (1942–2012), Mexican Army general, shot dead in Mexico City
• Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro (born 1989), Argentina international rugby union player
• Omar Chaparro (born 1974), Mexican actor and media personality
• Ramón Chaparro (1862–1902), Peruvian politician
• Raúl Chaparro (born 1953), Argentine former footballer
• Rolando Chaparro (born 1965), Paraguayan musician from Asunción
• Francisco Chaparro Jara (born 1942), Spanish retired football forward and manager

• Chaparro prieto (Vachellia rigidula), a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae
• Guayacan Chaparro (Albizia pistaciifolia), a species of legume in the family Fabaceae
• Caparo
• Chapar (disambiguation)