Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann | |
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Dáil Éireann | |
Status | Presiding officer |
Member of | |
Seat | Leinster House, Dublin |
Nominator | At least seven TDs at start of a new term after a general election |
Appointer | Dáil Éireann following election by secret ballot. |
Term length | Until the end of the current Dáil. No term limits are imposed on the office. |
Constituting instrument | Article 15 – Constitution of Ireland |
Inaugural holder | Cathal Brugha |
Formation | 21 January 1919 |
Deputy | Leas-Cheann Comhairle |
Salary | €227,448 annually[1] |
Website | Official website |
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The Ceann Comhairle (Irish: [ˌcaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə] ; "Head of [the] Council"; plural usually Cinn Comhairle [ˌciːn̠ʲ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə]) is the chairperson[2] (or speaker)[2] of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of Ireland. The person who holds the position is elected by members of the Dáil from among their number in the first session after each general election. The Ceann Comhairle since 10 March 2016 has been Seán Ó Fearghaíl, Fianna Fáil TD. The Leas-Cheann Comhairle since 23 July 2020 has been Catherine Connolly, Independent TD.
Overview
[edit]The Ceann Comhairle is expected to observe strict impartiality. Despite this, a government usually tries to select a member of its own political party for the position, if it has enough deputies to allow that choice. In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála (Deputy to the Dáil), but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at that general election, unless they are retiring.[a] As a consequence, the constituency that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle represents elects one fewer TD in a general election than its usual entitlement, but still has the same number of TDs.[4] Under standing orders, no member of the government or Minister of State may act as Ceann Comhairle or Leas-Cheann Comhairle.
The Ceann Comhairle does not take part in debates, nor do they vote except in the event of a tie. In this event, they generally vote in accordance with the parliamentary conventions relating to the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which tend to amount to voting against motions. The Ceann Comhairle formally opens each day's sitting by reading the official prayer. The Ceann Comhairle is the sole judge of order in the house and has a number of special functions. Specifically, the Ceann Comhairle:
- Calls on members to speak. All speeches must be addressed to the Ceann Comhairle.
- Puts such questions to the house, and supervises and declares the results of divisions.
- Has authority to suppress disorder. To ensure obedience to his rulings the Ceann Comhairle may order members to withdraw from the Dáil or suspend an individual from the House for a period. In the case of great disorder, the Ceann Comhairle can suspend or adjourn the house.
- Rings a bell when deputies are out of order. The bell is a half-sized reproduction of the ancient bell of Lough Lene Castle found at Castle Island, Lough Lene, Castlepollard, County Westmeath in 1881 and now in the National Museum. The reproduction was presented in 1931 by the widow of Bryan Cooper, a former TD.
The Ceann Comhairle is an ex officio member of the Presidential Commission, the Council of State, and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.[5]
Since the 1937 Constitution, the Ceann Comhairle has been an ex officio member of the Council of State, beginning with Frank Fahy. The earlier presiding officers never served on the Council of State: i.e. those of the Revolutionary Dáil (1919–22: Cathal Brugha, George Noble Plunkett, Eoin MacNeill, and Michael Hayes) and the Free State Dáil (1922–36: Hayes again, before Fahy).
History
[edit]The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament.[6] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann. The office was continued under the 1922–37 Irish Free State, the constitution of which referred to the office-holder as the "Chairman of Dáil Éireann". The practice of automatically re-electing the Ceann Comhairle in a general election was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1927.[4][7][8] The outgoing Ceann Comhairle is returned at the election for their former party.[9]
Following the abolition on 11 December 1936 of the office of Governor-General, the Ceann Comhairle was assigned some of the former office's ceremonial functions, including signing bills into law and convening and dissolving the Dáil. These powers were transferred to the new office of President of Ireland when a new Constitution came into force on 29 December 1937, being carried out by the Presidential Commission, which included the Ceann Comhairle, until the first president entered office on 25 June 1938. The new Constitution retained the position of Ceann Comhairle and the practice of automatic re-election.
Patrick Hogan retired due to ill health in 1967, and died in 1969 before the following election. Joseph Brennan died in office in 1980. John O'Donoghue resigned the office in 2009 after an expenses scandal. As an ordinary TD he was no longer entitled to be returned automatically at the next general election in 2011, in which he lost his seat.
The Ceann Comhairle was first elected by secret ballot in 2016.[10]
Rules for election
[edit]Under the rules for the election of the Ceann Comhairle, introduced during the 31st Dáil, candidates must be nominated by at least seven other members of Dáil Éireann. Each member may nominate only one candidate. Nominations must be submitted to the Clerk of the Dáil by not later than 6 p.m. on the day before the first day the Dáil meets after the general election in order to be valid, but may be withdrawn at any time up to the close of nominations.[11]
If more than one candidate is nominated, the Dáil will vote by secret ballot in order of preference after the candidates' speeches, which may not exceed five minutes, with an absolute majority required for victory.[12] If no candidate wins a majority on first preferences, the individual with the fewest votes will be eliminated and their votes redistributed in accordance with their next highest preference, under the alternative vote voting system.[11] Eliminations and redistributions will continue until one member receives the requisite absolute majority. Then, the House will vote on a formal motion to appoint the member in question to the position of Ceann Comhairle. The Clerk of the Dáil will be the presiding officer of the House during the election process.
List of office-holders
[edit]Ceann Comhairle
[edit]For each Ceann Comhairle, this tables lists the number of the Dáil, the period in which they held office, their constituencies and their political affiliation immediately prior to their appointment.
Leas-Cheann Comhairle
[edit]The Leas-Cheann Comhairle holds office as the Deputy Chairperson of Dáil Éireann under Article 15.9.1 of the constitution. In the absence of the Ceann Comhairle, the Leas-Cheann Comhairle deputises and performs the duties and exercises the authority of the Ceann Comhairle in Dáil proceedings.[57] The Leas-Cheann Comhairle is also elected by secret ballot. The current Leas-Cheann Comhairle is Independent TD Catherine Connolly. She is the first female TD to hold the position. Traditionally, the position was reserved for an Opposition TD.[58] The role carries the pay and status as a Minister of State.
Dáil | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Party | Constituency | Ref | ||
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1st | John J. O'Kelly (1872–1957) |
1 April 1919 | 26 August 1921 | Sinn Féin | Louth | |||
2nd | Brian O'Higgins (1882–1963) |
26 August 1921 | 28 February 1922 | Sinn Féin | Clare | [59] | ||
3rd | Pádraic Ó Máille (1878–1946) |
6 December 1922 | 23 May 1927 | Cumann na nGaedheal | Galway | [18][60] | ||
4th | ||||||||
5th | James Dolan (1884–1955) |
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1 July 1927 | 25 August 1927 | Cumann na nGaedheal | Leitrim–Sligo | ||
6th | Patrick Hogan (1885–1969) |
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27 October 1927 | 8 March 1928 | Labour | Clare | ||
Daniel Morrissey (1895–1981) |
2 May 1928 | 29 January 1932 | Cumann na nGaedheal | Tipperary | ||||
7th | Patrick Hogan (1885–1969) |
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15 March 1932 | 27 May 1938 | Labour | Clare | ||
8th | ||||||||
9th | ||||||||
10th | Fionán Lynch (1889–1966) |
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5 July 1938 | 12 May 1939 | Fine Gael | Kerry South | ||
Eamonn O'Neill (1882–1954) |
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31 May 1939 | 31 May 1943 | Fine Gael | Cork West | |||
11th | Daniel McMenamin (1882–1964) |
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20 October 1943 | 12 January 1948 | Fine Gael | Donegal East | ||
12th | ||||||||
13th | Patrick Hogan (1885–1969) |
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25 February 1948 | 7 May 1951 | Labour | Clare | ||
14th | Cormac Breslin (1902–1978) |
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4 July 1951 | 7 November 1967 | Fianna Fáil | Donegal West | ||
15th | ||||||||
16th | ||||||||
17th | Donegal South-West | |||||||
18th | ||||||||
Denis Jones (1906–1987) |
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15 November 1967 | 5 July 1977 | Fine Gael | Limerick West | |||
19th | ||||||||
20th | ||||||||
21st | Seán Browne (1916–1996) |
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6 July 1977 | 30 June 1981 | Fianna Fáil | Wexford | ||
22nd | Jim Tunney (1924–2002) |
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7 July 1981 | 14 December 1982 | Fianna Fáil | Dublin North-West | ||
23rd | ||||||||
24th | John Ryan (1927–2014) |
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15 December 1982 | 10 March 1987 | Labour | Tipperary North | ||
25th | Jim Tunney (1924–2002) |
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24 March 1987 | 4 January 1993 | Fianna Fáil | Dublin North-West | ||
26th | ||||||||
27th | Joe Jacob (born 1939) |
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10 February 1993 | 26 June 1997 | Fianna Fáil | Wicklow | ||
28th | Rory O'Hanlon (born 1934) |
9 July 1997 | 6 June 2002 | Fianna Fáil | Cavan–Monaghan | |||
29th | Séamus Pattison (1936–2018) |
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18 June 2002 | 14 June 2007 | Labour | Carlow–Kilkenny | ||
30th | Brendan Howlin (born 1956) |
26 June 2007 | 9 March 2011 | Labour | Wexford | |||
31st | Michael Kitt (born 1950) |
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31 March 2011 | 10 March 2016 | Fianna Fáil | Galway East | ||
32nd | Pat "the Cope" Gallagher (born 1948) |
7 July 2016 | 14 January 2020 | Fianna Fáil | Donegal | |||
33rd | Catherine Connolly (born 1957) |
23 July 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | Galway West |
See also
[edit]- Cathaoirleach (Chairperson of Seanad Éireann)
- Politics of the Republic of Ireland
- History of the Republic of Ireland
- Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)
- Dáil Éireann (Irish Free State)
- Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly, who is referred to as Ceann Comhairle when Irish is spoken.
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Article 16.6 of the constitution requires that "provision shall be made by law" such that the Ceann Comhairle "be deemed without any actual election to be elected a member of Dáil Éireann".[3] The current law that makes such provision is Section 36 of the Electoral Act 1992.[4]Electoral Act 1992, s. 36: Re-election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil (No. 23 of 1992, s. 36). Act of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 4 December 2015.
- ^ George Noble Plunkett briefly chaired the Dáil on 22 January 1919. Seán T. O'Kelly was elected Ceann Comhairle later in the same day.
- ^ MacNeill was returned for seats in both the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
- ^ Hayes was also returned for Dublin South in 1922 but chose to vacate that seat.
- ^ Appointed temporarily on 7 November 1967 and elected permanently on 14 November 1967
- ^ Elected temporarily on 15 October 1980[41] and permanently the following day.
References
[edit]Sources
[edit]- O'Connor, Tom; O'Halloran, Anthony (2008). "8: An Ceann Comhairle". Politics in a Changing Ireland 1960–2007: A Tribute to Seamus Pattison. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 121–138. ISBN 9781904541691.
Citations
[edit]- ^ "TDs and Senators salaries". 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Ceann Comhairle". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 16.6. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ a b c O'Connor & O'Halloran 2008, pp. 124–127.
- ^ "Members of the Commission". Commission for Public Service Appointments. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ "Ceann Comhairle – History". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- ^ Constitution (Amendment No. 2) Act 1927, s. 1: Re-election at general election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil Eireann (No. 6 of 1927, s. 1). Enacted on 19 March 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 1927, s. 2: Re-election of outgoing Ceann Comhairle (No. 21 of 1927, s. 2). Enacted on 22 May 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
- ^ See e.g. "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (March, 1957) for sixteenth Dáil and bye-elections to fifteenth Dáil (1954-1957)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. December 1957. p. 25. Retrieved 17 August 2022. and "33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. pp. 64, 65, 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Race to be Ceann Comhairle heats up as secret ballot to be used for the first time in election". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b Inaccurately described in Dáil standing orders as "the proportional representation single transferable vote system". Dáil Éireann (17 January 2017). "Standing Orders Relative to Public Business; together with Oireachtas Library & Research Service Rules" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Oireachtas. p. 3; S.O. 6(10)(g). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
The ballot shall be counted under the Proportional Representation Single Transferable Vote (PRSTV) system.
- ^ "Here's who is in the mix for the job of keeping order in the next Dáil". TheJournal.ie. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ "1. CEANN COMHAIRLE I gCOIR AN LAE. – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 1". 21 January 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "Prelude – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 2". 22 January 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "ELECTION OF SPEAKER AND DEPUTY SPEAKER – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 2". 22 January 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "ELECTION OF SPEAKER, DEPUTY SPEAKER, AND CLERKS - ELECTION OF CEANN COMHAIRLE (SPEAKER) – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 3". 1 April 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "ELECTION OF CEANN COMHAIRLE – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Vol. S No. 1". 16 August 1921. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) – Vol. 1 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 September 1922. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) – Vol. 2 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 6 December 1922. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (4th Dáil) – Vol. 5 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 19 September 1923. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (5th Dáil) – Vol. 20 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 23 June 1927. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (6th Dáil) – Vol. 21 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 11 October 1927. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (7th Dáil) – Vol. 41 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 March 1932. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 46 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 8 February 1933. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (9th Dáil) – Vol. 69 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 21 July 1937. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (10th Dáil) – Vol. 72 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 June 1938. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (11th Dáil) – Vol. 91 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 July 1943. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (12th Dáil) – Vol. 94 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 June 1944. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle - Dáil Éireann (13th Dáil) – Vol. 110 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 18 February 1948. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle - Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil) – Vol. 126 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 13 June 1951. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle - Dáil Éireann (15th Dáil) – Vol. 146 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 2 June 1954. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – Vol. 161 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 March 1957. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil) – Vol. 192 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 11 October 1961. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (18th Dáil) – Vol. 215 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 21 April 1965. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Retirement of Ceann Comhairle: Report of Clerk of Dáil – Dáil Éireann (18th Dáil) – Vol. 230 No. 2". Houses of the Oireachtas. 7 November 1965. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (18th Dáil) – Vol. 231 No. 2". Houses of the Oireachtas. 14 November 1967. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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- ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (20th Dáil) – Vol. 265 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 14 March 1973. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
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