← 1926 1925 1924 1927 in the Soviet Union → 1928 1929 1930
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1927 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Alexei Rykov

• 25 February – Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code) is put into force.

• 12 May – During the Arcos Affair, British police officers raid the headquarters of ARCOS in London.

• 2–19 December – 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)^[1]

• 14 January – Ivan Kalita, Olympic equestrian
• 16 March – Vladimir Komarov, test pilot and cosmonaut
• 23 March – Aleksandr Tarasov, Soviet Olympic modern pentathlete
• 31 March – Vladimir Ilyushin, test pilot
• 10 April – Alexey Ekimyan, Armenian-Russian composer
• 20 April – Mirian Tsalkalamanidze, Olympic wrestler
• 15 May – Leila Mardanshina, oil and gas operator (died 2017)
• 16 May – Boris Tokarev, Olympic athlete
• 28 May – Aleksandr Moiseyev, Olympic basketball player
• 3 June – Evgeny Chuprun, painter
• 12 June – Timir Pinegin, Olympic sailor (died 2013)
• 23 June
  • Leonid Bogdanov, Soviet Olympic fencer
  • Galina Rumiantseva, painter
• 26 June – Ben Turok, Belarus-born South African anti-apartheid activist, professor and politician (d. 2019)
• 28 June – Boris Shilkov, Olympic speed skater
• 23 July – Dmitry Buchkin, Soviet painter
• 22 August – Aleksandr Tenyagin, football player and manager (died 2008)
• 24 August – Levko Lukyanenko, Ukrainian politician (died 2018)
• 15 September – Boris Gostev, Soviet Minister of Finance
• 1 October – Oleg Yefremov, actor
• 27 October – Mikhail Postnikov, mathematician
• 28 October – Roza Makagonova, actress (died 1995)
• 7 November – Piotr Litvinsky, painter
• 12 November – Pavel Kharin, Olympic canoeist
• 6 December – Vladimir Naumov, film director
• 8 December – Vladimir Shatalov, Soyuz cosmonaut
• 14 December – Nikolay Tatarinov, Olympic modern pentathlete

• 18 May – Nikifor Begichev, Soviet seaman and explorer (born 1874)
• 16 June – Károly Vántus, Hungarian Communist Party politician (born 1879)
• 16 November – Adolph Joffe, diplomat, committed suicide (born 1883)
• 14 December – Julian Sochocki, Russian-Polish mathematician (born 1842)

• 1927 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet films of 1927