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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1596.}}
{{About year|1596}}
{{Year nav|1596}}
{{Year nav|1596}}
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[[File:Battle of Mezőkeresztes 1596.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[October 24]]–[[October 26|26]]: [[Battle of Keresztes]]]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
{{C16 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1596}}
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[[File:Battle of Mezőkeresztes 1596.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[October 24]]–[[October 26]]: [[Battle of Keresztes]]]]
'''1596''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXCVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]] and a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. As of the start of 1596, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.


== Events ==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>


=== January&ndash;June ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 6]] – [[Drake's Assault on Panama]]: Sir [[Francis Drake]], General [[Thomas Baskerville (general)|Thomas Baskerville]] and an English force of 15 ships land at the Atlantic Ocean port of [[Nombre de Dios, Colón|Nombre de Dios]] in an attempt to capture the [[Isthmus of Panama]].<ref>David Marley, ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) pp. 136-137</ref>
* [[January 6]]–[[January 20|20]] &ndash; An English attempt led by [[Francis Drake]] to cross the [[Isthmus of Panama|Isthmus]] of Panama [[Drake's Assault on Panama|ends in defeat]].
* [[January 20]] – Francis Drake, unable to receive a ransom for the town of Nombre de Dios, orders the town and all Spanish ships in harbor to be burned. At the same time, General Baskerville leads 750 men on a mission to clear the Isthmus of Spanish parties.<ref>Kenneth R. Andrews, ''The Last Voyage of Drake and Hawkins'' (Routledge, 2017) pp. 204-05</ref>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; Francis Drake dies of [[dysentery]] off [[Portobelo, Colón|PortoBelo]]
* [[January 27]] – With an epidemic of [[dysentery]] spreading through the English forces of Drake and Baskerville, Drake orders survivors to retreat to the English ships, anchored off of the island of [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas|Escudo de Veraguas]]. Drake dies of dystentery two days later on his flagship, ''Defiance''.<ref>John Sugden, ''Sir Francis Drake'' (Penguin Books, 2004) pp. 313</ref>
⚫
* [[February 14]] &ndash; Archbishop [[John Whitgift]] begins building his [[Whitgift Foundation|hospital]] at [[Croydon]].
* [[February 11]] – [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert of Austria]] arrives in [[Brussels]] to begin his administration as [[List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor General]] of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]].
⚫
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Siege of Calais (1596)|Siege of Calais]]: Spanish troops capture [[Calais]].
⚫
* [[February 14]] – Archbishop [[John Whitgift]] begins building his [[Whitgift Foundation|hospital]] at [[Croydon]].
⚫
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Willem Barents]] leaves [[Vlie]], on his third and final Arctic voyage.
* [[March 11]] – The [[Battle of Pinos]] is fought between the English Navy (with 14 warships) and the Spanish Navy (with 13 galleons) off of the coast [[Cuba]]'s [[Isla de la Juventud|Isla de Pinos]], with 325 English Navy men killed or captured, while Spain drives Baskerville's ships to retreat and sustains 80 dead or wounded.<ref>Cesáreo Fernández Duro, ''Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón'' (Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1898) p. 115</ref>
* [[June]] &ndash; Sir [[John Norreys]] and Sir [[Geoffrey Fenton]] travel to Connaught, to parley with the local [[Ireland|Irish]] lords.
* [[March 15]] – During Spain's [[Brittany Campaign]] during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]], a Spanish ship carrying 25 soldiers invades England after arriving at [[Cawsand Bay]] in [[Cornwall]]. After starting a fire, the Spanish retreat.<ref>John Daniell, ''A Compendium of the History of Cornwall'' (Netherton & Worth, 1880) p. 156</ref>
⚫
* [[June 10]] &ndash; Willem Barents and [[Jacob van Heemskerk]] discover [[Bear Island (Norway)|Bear Island]].
⚫
* [[June 17]] &ndash; Willem Barents discovers [[Spitsbergen]].
⚫
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Cornelis de Houtman]] arrives in [[Banten]], the first Dutch sailor to reach Indonesia..


=== July&ndash;December ===
=== April–June ===
⚫
* [[April 9]] – [[Siege of Calais (1596)|Siege of Calais]]: Spanish troops capture [[Calais]].
⚫
* [[July 5]] &ndash; An English fleet, commanded by [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], and [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]], sacks [[Cádiz]].
⚫
* [[May 18]] – [[Willem Barents]] leaves [[Vlie]], on his third and final Arctic voyage.
⚫
* [[July 14]] &ndash; King [[Dominicus Corea]] (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in [[Colombo]], [[Ceylon]].
* [[August]] &ndash; [[David Fabricius]] discovers the star [[Mira]].
* [[June 5]] – Pope [[Clement VIII]] appoints 16 new Cardinals.
⚫
* [[June 10]] – Willem Barents and [[Jacob van Heemskerk]] discover [[Bear Island (Norway)|Bear Island]].
* [[September 17]] &ndash; The Spanish capture [[Amiens]].
⚫
* [[June 17]] – Willem Barents discovers [[Spitsbergen]].
⚫
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Diego de Montemayor]] founds the city of [[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]].
⚫
* [[June 24]] – [[Cornelis de Houtman]] arrives in [[Banten]], the first Dutch sailor to reach Indonesia.
⚫
* [[October 8]]&ndash;[[October 10|10]] &ndash; The [[Union of Brest]]: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of [[Catholicism]], whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the [[Pope]].

⚫
* [[October 18]] &ndash; The ''Second Armada'', a Spanish fleet sent to attack England in revenge for the raid on Cadiz, is wrecked in storms between Corcubion and Cape Finisterre; 2,000 men are lost.
=== July–September ===
⚫
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The Spanish galleon ''[[San Felipe incident (1596)|San Felipe]]'' founders in Japan, leading to [[26 Martyrs of Japan|26 Christians being martyred]] the next year.
⚫
* [[July 5]] – [[Capture of Cádiz]]: An English fleet, commanded by [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], and [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]], sacks [[Cádiz]].
* [[October 24]]&ndash;[[October 26|26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Keresztes]]: The [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] defeat a combined [[Habsburg]]–[[Transylvanian]] army.
⚫
* [[July 14]] – King [[Dominicus Corea]] (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in [[Colombo]], [[Ceylon]].
* [[July 18]] – Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] issues "an open warrant to the [[Lord Mayor of London]] and the aldermen and his brethren, and to all other vice-admirals, mayors, and other public officers whatsoever to whom it may appertain" directing that [[African people|Africans]] in the realm will be deported. Citing a request from Casper van Senden "to have licence to take up so many [[Moors|blackamoor]]s here in this realm and to transport them into Spain and Portugal," the Queen notes that "Her majesty... considering the reasonableness of his request to transport so many blackamoors from hence, doth think it a very good exchange and that those kind of people may be well spared in this realm being so populous and numbers of able persons the subjects of the land and Christian people that perish for want of service, whereby through their labor they might be maintained."<ref>"Elizabeth I, Letters Permitting Deportation of Blackamoors from England, ''Acts of the Privy Council'', Vol. 26 (1596-97), ed. John Roche Dasent (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1902)", in ''"Othello" A Broadview Internet Shakespeare Edition'' (Broadview Press, 2017) pp.299-300</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I | author = Emily C. Bartels | journal = SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | date = April 2006 | pages = 305–322 | publisher = Rice University | doi = 10.1353/sel.2006.0012 | jstor = 3844644 | s2cid = 154728438 | quote = In 1596, Queen Elizabeth issued an 'open letter' to the Lord Mayor of London, announcing that 'there are of late divers black-moores brought into this realme, of which kinde of people there aire {{Not a typo|all|ready}} here to manie,' and ordering that they be deported from the country. }}</ref>
* [[August 18]] – The [[Siege of Hulst (1596)|siege of the Dutch city of]] [[Hulst]] is completed after a month as Spanish forces under the command of [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert]], son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Maxmimilan II, force the surrender of the city.
* [[August 29]] – The coronation of Christian IV as King of Denmark and King of Norway takes place at the ''[[Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen|Vor Frue Kirke]]'' cathedral in [[Copenhagen]]. The Bishop of Zealand, Peder Virstrup, places the crown upon the head of King Christian IV, who had become the monarch in 1588 at the age of 11.
* [[August]] – [[David Fabricius]] discovers the variable nature of the star [[Mira]].
⚫
* [[September 20]] – [[Diego de Montemayor]] founds the city of [[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]].

=== October–December ===
⚫
* [[October 10]] – The [[Union of Brest]]: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of [[Catholicism]], whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the [[Pope]].<ref>{{cite book|author=George Nedungatt|title=The Synod of Diamper Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgguAAAAYAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Pontificio Istituto Orientale|isbn=978-88-7210-331-9|page=137|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
* [[October 18]] – The [[2nd Spanish Armada|''Second Armada'']], a Spanish fleet sent to attack England in revenge for the raid on Cadiz, is wrecked in storms off [[Cape Finisterre]]; nearly 5,000 men and 44 ships are lost including five galleons
⚫
* [[October 19]] – The Spanish galleon ''[[San Felipe incident (1596)|San Felipe]]'' founders in Japan, leading to [[26 Martyrs of Japan|26 Christians being martyred]] the next year.
* [[October 26]] – [[Battle of Keresztes]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] Turks defeat a combined [[Habsburg]]–[[Transylvania]]n army, after two days of fighting: .<ref>{{cite book|author=William J. Griswold|title=The Great Anatolian Rebellion, 1000-1020/1591-1611|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qURtAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=K. Schwarz|isbn=978-3-922968-34-4|page=17|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] – The [[Cudgel War]] begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when poor [[peasant]]s rise up against the troops, nobles and cavalry who have taxed them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|title=Jaakko Ilkka's biography|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605075454/http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[December 5]] – [[Damat Ibrahim Pasha]] is appointed the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] by Sultan [[Mehmed III]] for the second time in less than a year, replacing [[Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha]], who succeeded him on October 27.
* [[December 8]] – In Japan, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], Chancellor of the Realm, orders the arrest of the [[San Felipe incident of 1596|26 Roman Catholic Christians who had the misfortune of being shipwrecked]] in [[Kyoto]] on October 19; each of the ones arrested has a part of the left ear cut off, then sent on a forced march to [[Nagasaki]] on January 4, then has them killed on February 5.
* [[December 31]] – [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]] of France (who was originally King Henry III of the Spanish [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]) declares Navarre to be permanently separate of France.


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Elizabeth I of England]] decrees that all Africans should be removed from the [[British Empire|British]] realm, in reaction to the food crisis.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I | author = Emily C. Bartels | journal = SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | date = April 2006 | pages = 305–322 | publisher = Rice University | jstor = 3844644 | quote = In 1596, Queen Elizabeth issued an 'open letter' to the Lord Mayor of London, announcing that 'there are of late divers black-moores brought into this realme, of which kinde of people there aire {{Not a typo|all|ready}} here to manie,' and ordering that they be deported from the country. }}</ref>
* The first [[water closet]], by Sir [[John Harington (writer)|John Harington]], is installed in a manor near [[Kelston]] in [[England]].
* The first [[water closet]], by Sir [[John Harington (writer)|John Harington]], is installed in a manor near [[Kelston]] in [[England]].
* King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] moves the capital of [[Poland]] from [[Kraków]] to [[Warsaw]].
* King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] moves the capital of [[Poland]] from [[Kraków]] to [[Warsaw]].
* [[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge]], is founded.
* [[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge]], is founded.
* The [[Black Death]] hits parts of [[Europe]].
* The [[Black Death]] hits parts of [[Europe]].
* [[Netherlands|Dutch]] ships, commanded by [[Frederick de Houtman]], reach [[Sumatra]] and [[Java]] for the first time.
* The fourth of a five year run of poor harvests, largely caused by the weather, a pattern typical of the last third of the century. This causes famine throughout Europe, which leads to food riots in Britain.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J.M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
* The fourth of a five year run of poor harvests, largely caused by the weather, a pattern typical of the last third of the century. This causes famine throughout Europe, which leads to food riots in Britain.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J.M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
⚫
* The [[Serb Uprising of 1596–97]] begins.
</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>
⚫
* [[Serb Uprising of 1596–97]]
*First mention of a family name Miklavc/Miklave (Miclau am Creiz) (SL: Miklavc na Križu), (ENG: Miklave on Cross)


== Births ==
== Births ==
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[[File:Emperor Go-Mizunoo3.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]]]]
[[File:Emperor Go-Mizunoo3.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]]]]


===January&ndash;June===
===January–June===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Ribbing]], Swedish noble (d. [[1662]])
* [[January 1]] – [[Elizabeth Ribbing]], Swedish noble (d. [[1662]])
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Jan van Goyen]], Dutch painter (d. [[1656]])
* [[January 13]] – [[Jan van Goyen]], Dutch painter (d. [[1656]])
* [[February 2]]
* [[February 2]]
** [[Jacob van Campen]], Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age (d. [[1657]])
** [[Jacob van Campen]], Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age (d. [[1657]])
** [[Carew Mildmay]], Member of the Parliament of England (d. [[1676]])
** [[Carew Mildmay]], Member of the Parliament of England (d. [[1676]])
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]], soldier, poet and writer (d. [[1656]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas]], soldier, poet and writer (d. [[1656]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Louis Giry]], French lawyer, classical scholar (d. [[1665]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Louis Giry]], French lawyer, classical scholar (d. [[1665]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Johan Stiernhöök]], Swedish lawyer (d. [[1675]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Johan Stiernhöök]], Swedish lawyer (d. [[1675]])
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Duke Frederick of Saxe-Weimar]], German prince and colonel (d. [[1622]])
* [[March 1]] – [[Duke Frederick of Saxe-Weimar]], German prince and colonel (d. [[1622]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden]] (d. [[1618]])
* [[March 10]] – [[Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden]] (d. [[1618]])
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Isaac Elzevir]], Dutch printer and publisher (d. [[1651]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Isaac Elzevir]], Dutch printer and publisher (d. [[1651]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Ebba Brahe]], Swedish countess (d. [[1674]])
* [[March 16]] – [[Ebba Brahe]], Swedish countess (d. [[1674]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg]]-Gütsrow (d. [[1625]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg]]-Gütsrow (d. [[1625]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Catherine Henriette de Bourbon]], French noble (d. [[1663]])
* [[March 26]] – [[Catherine Henriette de Bourbon]], French noble (d. [[1663]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[René Descartes]], French philosopher and mathematician (d. [[1650]])
* [[March 31]] – [[René Descartes]], French philosopher and mathematician (d. [[1650]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Cottingham|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&pg=PA22|date=25 September 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-36696-0|pages=22|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Juan van der Hamen]], Spanish artist (d. [[1631]])
* [[April 8]] – [[Juan van der Hamen]], Spanish artist (d. [[1631]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Moritz Gudenus]], German Catholic preacher (d. [[1680]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Moritz Gudenus]], German Catholic preacher (d. [[1680]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Abraham van Diepenbeeck]], Dutch painter (d. [[1675]])
* [[May 9]] – [[Abraham van Diepenbeeck]], Dutch painter (d. [[1675]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein]] (d. [[1605]])
* [[May 21]] – [[John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein]] (d. [[1605]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Peter Wtewael]], Dutch painter (d. [[1660]])
* [[June 5]] – [[Peter Wtewael]], Dutch painter (d. [[1660]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Michel Particelli d'Emery]], French politician (d. [[1650]])
* [[June 6]] – [[Michel Particelli d'Emery]], French politician (d. [[1650]])
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Johan Banér]], Swedish field marshal in the Thirty Years' War (d. [[1641]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Johan Banér]], Swedish field marshal in the Thirty Years' War (d. [[1641]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein]], German prince (d. [[1655]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein]], German prince (d. [[1655]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]] of Japan (d. [[1680]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]] of Japan (d. [[1680]])


===July&ndash;December===
===July–December===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Bertuccio Valiero]], Doge of Venice (d. [[1658]])
* [[July 1]] – [[Bertuccio Valiero]], Doge of Venice (d. [[1658]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Michael I of Russia]], Russian Tsar (d. [[1645]])
* [[July 12]] – [[Michael I of Russia]], Russian Tsar (d. [[1645]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Ukrainian Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jnoAAAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, Limited|page=28|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Lorentz Eichstadt]], German mathematician and astronomer (d. [[1660]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Lorentz Eichstadt]], German mathematician and astronomer (d. [[1660]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine]] (d. [[1632]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine]] (d. [[1632]])
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Jean Bolland]], Belgian Jesuit, Founder of the ''Bollandist'' (d. [[1665]])
* [[August 18]] – [[Jean Bolland]], Belgian Jesuit, Founder of the ''Bollandist'' (d. [[1665]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Bohemia|Elizabeth Stuart]], later Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia (d. [[1662]])
* [[August 19]] – [[Elizabeth of Bohemia|Elizabeth Stuart]], later Queen of Bohemia (d. [[1662]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ronald H. Fritze|author2=William B. Robison|title=Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8goko0Lpr5sC&pg=PA177|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28391-8|pages=177|language=en}}</ref>
* September
* September
** [[James Shirley]], English dramatist (d. [[1666]])
** [[James Shirley]], English dramatist (d. [[1666]])
** [[Moses Amyraut]], French Protestant theologian (d. [[1664]])
** [[Moses Amyraut]], French Protestant theologian (d. [[1664]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Constantijn Huygens]], Dutch Golden Age poet and composer (d. [[1687]])
* [[September 3]] – [[Nicola Amati]], Italian luthier from Cremona (d. [[1684]])
* [[September 4]] – [[Constantijn Huygens]], Dutch Golden Age poet and composer (d. [[1687]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Jolande van der Klis|title=The Essential Guide to Dutch Music: 100 Composers and Their Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCUKAQAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-460-8|page=179|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Nicola Amati]], Italian luthier from Cremona (d. [[1684]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]] (d. [[1660]])
* [[September 7]] – [[John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]] (d. [[1660]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Francis Eaton (Mayflower passenger)|Francis Eaton]], Mayflower passenger and New World colonist (d. [[1633]])
* [[September 11]] – [[Francis Eaton (Mayflower passenger)|Francis Eaton]], Mayflower passenger and New World colonist (d. [[1633]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Joan Blaeu]], Dutch cartographer (d. [[1673]])
* [[September 23]] – [[Joan Blaeu]], Dutch cartographer (d. [[1673]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Cesare Dandini]], Italian painter (d. [[1657]])
* [[October 1]] – [[Cesare Dandini]], Italian painter (d. [[1657]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Pieter van Mierevelt]], Dutch painter (d. [[1623]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Pieter van Mierevelt]], Dutch painter (d. [[1623]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Edward Winslow]], American Pilgrim leader (d. [[1655]])
* [[October 18]] – [[Edward Winslow]], American Pilgrim leader (d. [[1655]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon]], French mathematician (d. [[1671]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon]], French mathematician (d. [[1671]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Robert Coe (colonist)|Robert Coe]], American colonial (d. [[1689]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Robert Coe (colonist)|Robert Coe]], American colonial (d. [[1689]])
* [[November 1]]
* [[November 1]]
** [[Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg]], joint ruler of Nassau-Dillenburg 1623–1626 (d. [[1626]])
** [[Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg]], joint ruler of Nassau-Dillenburg 1623–1626 (d. [[1626]])
** [[Pietro da Cortona]], Italian painter (d. [[1669]])
** [[Pietro da Cortona]], Italian painter (d. [[1669]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf]], French noble (d. [[1657]])
* [[November 5]] – [[Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf]], French noble (d. [[1657]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Jeanne Chezard de Matel]], French mystic (d. [[1670]])
* [[November 6]] – [[Jeanne Chezard de Matel]], French mystic (d. [[1670]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson]], French politician (d. [[1651]])
* [[November 21]] – [[René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson]], French politician (d. [[1651]])
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1647]])
* [[December 12]] – [[Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1647]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva]], Portuguese general and noble (d. [[1675]])
* [[December 13]] – [[António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva]], Portuguese general and noble (d. [[1675]])
* [[December 21]]
* [[December 21]]
** [[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano]] (d. [[1656]])
** [[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano]] (d. [[1656]])
** [[Peter Mohyla]], Ruthenian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (d. [[1646]])
** [[Peter Mohyla]], Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (d. [[1646]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Leonaert Bramer]], Dutch painter (d. [[1674]])
* [[December 24]] – [[Leonaert Bramer]], Dutch painter (d. [[1674]])


===Date unknown===
===Date unknown===
* [[Francesco Buonamici (architect)|Francesco Buonamici]], Italian architect, painter and engraver (d. [[1677]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Oechslin |first=Werner |encyclopedia=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |title=BUONAMICI, Francesco |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-buonamici_res-20b6e98a-87e9-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |language=it |date=1972 |volume=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123183429/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-buonamici_res-20b6e98a-87e9-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |archive-date=23 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[John Dury]], Scottish-born Calvinist minister (d. [[1680]])
* [[John Dury]], Scottish-born Calvinist minister (d. [[1680]])
* [[Franz von Hatzfeld]], [[Prince-Bishop of Würzburg]] (d. [[1642]])
* [[Franz von Hatzfeld]], [[Prince-Bishop of Würzburg]] (d. [[1642]])
Line 114: Line 126:
* [[Richard Mather]], American clergyman (d. [[1669]])
* [[Richard Mather]], American clergyman (d. [[1669]])
* [[Horio Tadaharu]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1633]])
* [[Horio Tadaharu]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1633]])
* [[Pocahontas]], Algonquian (Native American) princess (d. [[1617]])


== Deaths ==
== Deaths ==
[[File:Gheeraerts Francis Drake 1591.jpg|thumb|110px|Sir [[Francis Drake]]]]
[[File:Gheeraerts Francis Drake 1591.jpg|thumb|110px|Sir [[Francis Drake]]]]
[[File:Hattori Hanzo.jpg|thumb|110px|Hattori Hanzō]]
[[File:Hattori Hanzo.jpg|thumb|110px|Hattori Hanzō]]
* [[January 27]] &ndash; Sir [[Francis Drake]], English explorer, sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (b. [[1540]])
* [[January 28]] – Sir [[Francis Drake]], English explorer, sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (b. {{circa}} [[1540]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Neville Williams|title=Francis Drake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GRnAAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|isbn=978-0-297-76685-8|page=220|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (b. [[1547]])
* [[February 7]] – [[George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (b. [[1547]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Sylburg]], German classical scholar (b. [[1536]])
* [[February 17]] – [[Friedrich Sylburg]], German classical scholar (b. [[1536]])
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Blaise de Vigenère]], French cryptographer, diplomat, scientist, and author (b. [[1523]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Blaise de Vigenère]], French cryptographer, diplomat, scientist, and author (b. [[1523]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Henry Unton]], English diplomat (b. [[1557]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Henry Unton]], English diplomat (b. [[1557]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Frederick IV of Liegnitz]], German noble (b. [[1552]])
* [[March 27]] – [[Frederick IV of Liegnitz]], German noble (b. [[1552]])
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] (b. [[1533]])
* [[April 4]] – [[Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] (b. [[1533]])
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Janet Fockart]], Scottish merchant and moneylender
* [[May]] – [[Janet Fockart]], Scottish merchant and moneylender
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)|Catherine de Montpensier]], politically active French duchess (b. [[1552]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)|Catherine de Montpensier]], politically active French duchess (b. [[1552]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Giaches de Wert]], Flemish composer (b. [[1535]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Giaches de Wert]], Flemish composer (b. [[1535]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[John Lesley]], Scottish bishop (b. [[1527]])
* [[May 31]] – [[John Lesley]], Scottish bishop (b. [[1527]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein]], Germany noble (b. [[1567]])
* [[June 10]] – [[John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein]], Germany noble (b. [[1567]])
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Alberti]], Italian painter (b. [[1551]])
* [[July 10]] – [[Alessandro Alberti]], Italian painter (b. [[1551]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon]] (b. [[1526]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon]] (b. [[1526]])
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Hamnet Shakespeare]], son of [[William Shakespeare]] (b. [[1585]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Hamnet Shakespeare]], son of [[William Shakespeare]] (b. [[1585]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Anna Jagiellon]], queen of Poland (b. [[1523]])
* [[September 9]] – [[Anna Jagiellon]], queen of Poland (b. [[1523]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)|Francisco de Toledo]], Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. [[1532]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)|Francisco de Toledo]], Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. [[1532]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Leonhard Rauwolf]], German physician and botanist (b. [[1535]])
* [[September 15]] – [[Leonhard Rauwolf]], German physician and botanist (b. [[1535]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Florent Chrestien]], French writer (b. [[1541]])
* [[October 3]] – [[Florent Chrestien]], French writer (b. [[1541]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[István Esterházy (1572–1596)|István Esterházy]], Hungarian noble (b. [[1572]])
* [[October 26]] – [[István Esterházy (1572–1596)|István Esterházy]], Hungarian noble (b. [[1572]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Pierre Pithou]], French lawyer and scholar (b. [[1539]])
* [[November 1]] – [[Pierre Pithou]], French lawyer and scholar (b. [[1539]])<ref>{{cite book|author=R. W. Lamb|title=Annales Phaedriani, 1596-1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BIjAQAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=R.W. Lamb|isbn=978-0-9533361-0-4|page=2|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Peter Wentworth]], English Puritan politician (b. [[1530]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Peter Wentworth]], English Puritan politician (b. [[1530]])
* [[November 29]]
* [[November 29]]
** [[William Gibson (martyr)]], English Catholic martyr
** [[William Gibson (martyr)]], English Catholic martyr
** [[William Knight (martyr)|Venerable William Knight]], English Catholic martyr (b. [[1572]])
** [[William Knight (martyr)|Venerable William Knight]], English Catholic martyr (b. [[1572]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Pietro Pontio]], Italian music theorist and composer (b. [[1532]])
* [[December 8]] – [[Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal]], Portuguese-born [[marrano]], burned at the stake
* [[December 27]] – [[Pietro Pontio]], Italian music theorist and composer (b. [[1532]])
* ''date unknown''
* ''date unknown''
** [[Jean Bodin]], French jurist (born [[1530]])
** [[Jean Bodin]], French jurist (born [[1530]])
** [[Anna Wecker]], German writer
** [[Anna Wecker]], German writer
** [[Hattori Hanzō]], Japanese [[ninja]] under [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] (b. [[1541]])
** [[Hattori Hanzō]], Japanese [[ninja]] under [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] (b. [[1541]])
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Henry Willobie]], English poet (b. [[1575]])
* ''probable'' – [[Henry Willobie]], English poet (b. [[1575]])


== References ==
== References ==
Line 154: Line 168:


{{DEFAULTSORT:1596}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1596}}
[[Category:1596|1596]]
[[Category:1596| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]

Latest revision as of 12:50, 23 July 2024

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
October 24–26: Battle of Keresztes
1596 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1596 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1596
MDXCVI
Ab urbe condita2349
Armenian calendar1045
ԹՎ ՌԽԵ
Assyrian calendar6346
Balinese saka calendar1517–1518
Bengali calendar1003
Berber calendar2546
English Regnal year38 Eliz. 1 – 39 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2140
Burmese calendar958
Byzantine calendar7104–7105
Chinese calendar乙未年 (Wood Goat)
4293 or 4086
    — to —
丙申年 (Fire Monkey)
4294 or 4087
Coptic calendar1312–1313
Discordian calendar2762
Ethiopian calendar1588–1589
Hebrew calendar5356–5357
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1652–1653
 - Shaka Samvat1517–1518
 - Kali Yuga4696–4697
Holocene calendar11596
Igbo calendar596–597
Iranian calendar974–975
Islamic calendar1004–1005
Japanese calendarBunroku 5 / Keichō 1
(慶長元年)
Javanese calendar1516–1517
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3929
Minguo calendar316 before ROC
民前316年
Nanakshahi calendar128
Thai solar calendar2138–2139
Tibetan calendar阴木羊年
(female Wood-Goat)
1722 or 1341 or 569
    — to —
阳火猴年
(male Fire-Monkey)
1723 or 1342 or 570

1596 (MDXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1596th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 596th year of the 2nd millennium, the 96th year of the 16th century, and the 7th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1596, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

[edit]

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]
  • July 5 – Capture of Cádiz: An English fleet, commanded by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard of Effingham, sacks Cádiz.
  • July 14 – King Dominicus Corea (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in Colombo, Ceylon.
  • July 18 – Queen Elizabeth I of England issues "an open warrant to the Lord Mayor of London and the aldermen and his brethren, and to all other vice-admirals, mayors, and other public officers whatsoever to whom it may appertain" directing that Africans in the realm will be deported. Citing a request from Casper van Senden "to have licence to take up so many blackamoors here in this realm and to transport them into Spain and Portugal," the Queen notes that "Her majesty... considering the reasonableness of his request to transport so many blackamoors from hence, doth think it a very good exchange and that those kind of people may be well spared in this realm being so populous and numbers of able persons the subjects of the land and Christian people that perish for want of service, whereby through their labor they might be maintained."[6][7]
  • August 18 – The siege of the Dutch city of Hulst is completed after a month as Spanish forces under the command of Albert, son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Maxmimilan II, force the surrender of the city.
  • August 29 – The coronation of Christian IV as King of Denmark and King of Norway takes place at the Vor Frue Kirke cathedral in Copenhagen. The Bishop of Zealand, Peder Virstrup, places the crown upon the head of King Christian IV, who had become the monarch in 1588 at the age of 11.
  • August – David Fabricius discovers the variable nature of the star Mira.
  • September 20 – Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey, Mexico.

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]


Births

[edit]
Jan van Goyen
René Descartes
Emperor Go-Mizunoo

January–June

[edit]

July–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]
Sir Francis Drake
Hattori Hanzō

References

[edit]
  1. ^ David Marley, Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (ABC-CLIO, 2008) pp. 136-137
  2. ^ Kenneth R. Andrews, The Last Voyage of Drake and Hawkins (Routledge, 2017) pp. 204-05
  3. ^ John Sugden, Sir Francis Drake (Penguin Books, 2004) pp. 313
  4. ^ Cesáreo Fernández Duro, Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón (Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1898) p. 115
  5. ^ John Daniell, A Compendium of the History of Cornwall (Netherton & Worth, 1880) p. 156
  6. ^ "Elizabeth I, Letters Permitting Deportation of Blackamoors from England, Acts of the Privy Council, Vol. 26 (1596-97), ed. John Roche Dasent (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1902)", in "Othello" A Broadview Internet Shakespeare Edition (Broadview Press, 2017) pp.299-300
  7. ^ Emily C. Bartels (April 2006). "Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I". SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900. 46 (2). Rice University: 305–322. doi:10.1353/sel.2006.0012. JSTOR 3844644. S2CID 154728438. In 1596, Queen Elizabeth issued an 'open letter' to the Lord Mayor of London, announcing that 'there are of late divers black-moores brought into this realme, of which kinde of people there aire allready here to manie,' and ordering that they be deported from the country.
  8. ^ George Nedungatt (2001). The Synod of Diamper Revisited. Pontificio Istituto Orientale. p. 137. ISBN 978-88-7210-331-9.
  9. ^ William J. Griswold (1983). The Great Anatolian Rebellion, 1000-1020/1591-1611. K. Schwarz. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-922968-34-4.
  10. ^ "Jaakko Ilkka's biography". Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  11. ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
  12. ^ John Cottingham (September 25, 1992). The Cambridge Companion to Descartes. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-521-36696-0.
  13. ^ The Ukrainian Review. Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, Limited. 1966. p. 28.
  14. ^ Ronald H. Fritze; William B. Robison (1996). Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-313-28391-8.
  15. ^ Jolande van der Klis (2000). The Essential Guide to Dutch Music: 100 Composers and Their Work. Amsterdam University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-90-5356-460-8.
  16. ^ Oechslin, Werner (1972). "BUONAMICI, Francesco". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 15. Archived from the original on January 23, 2020.
  17. ^ Neville Williams (1973). Francis Drake. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-297-76685-8.
  18. ^ R. W. Lamb (1998). Annales Phaedriani, 1596-1996. R.W. Lamb. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-9533361-0-4.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1596&diff=1236204543&oldid=918319884

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