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123 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	123 BC; CXXIII BC
Ab urbe condita	631
Ancient Egypt era	XXXIII dynasty, 201
- Pharaoh	Ptolemy VIII Physcon, 23
Ancient Greek era	164th Olympiad, year 2
Assyrian calendar	4628
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−715
Berber calendar	828
Buddhist calendar	422
Burmese calendar	−760
Byzantine calendar	5386–5387
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake); 2575 or 2368; — to —; 戊午年 (Earth Horse); 2576 or 2369
Coptic calendar	−406 – −405
Discordian calendar	1044
Ethiopian calendar	−130 – −129
Hebrew calendar	3638–3639
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−66 – −65
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2978–2979
Holocene calendar	9878
Iranian calendar	744 BP – 743 BP
Islamic calendar	767 BH – 766 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	2211
Minguo calendar	2034 before ROC; 民前2034年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1590
Seleucid era	189/190 AG
Thai solar calendar	420–421
Tibetan calendar	阴火蛇年; (female Fire-Snake); 4 or −377 or −1149; — to —; 阳土马年; (male Earth-Horse); 5 or −376 or −1148

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	3rd century BC; 2nd century BC ; 1st century BC;
Decades:	140s BC; 130s BC; 120s BC ; 110s BC; 100s BC;
Years:	126 BC; 125 BC; 124 BC; 123 BC ; 122 BC; 121 BC; 120 BC;

Year 123 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Balearicus and Flamininus (or, less frequently, year 631 Ab urbe condita) and the Sixth Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 123 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Roman Republic

Gaius Gracchus elected Roman tribune for the first time. He waits until after his re-election the following year before pushing forward the various civil and agrarian reforms that his brother championed in 133 BC.
Aix-en-Provence founded under the name of Aquae Sextiae by the Roman consul Sextius Calvinus.
Quintus Caecilius Metellus conquers the Balearic Islands for Rome, for which he earns the agnomen "Balearicus." He settles 3,000 Roman and Iberian colonists on the islands and founds the cities of Palma and Pollentia.

China

Spring: The Han General-in-Chief Wei Qing launches two invasions of Xiongnu territory from Dingxiang, defeating two Xiongnu armies and killing or capturing several thousand of the enemy.

During the second expedition, the force under Su Jian and Zhao Xin is surrounded and almost entirely destroyed by the army of Yizhixie Chanyu. Zhao Xin defects to the Chanyu.^[1]
For these two campaigns, Emperor Wu of Han orders Wei Qing to make his eighteen-year-old nephew Huo Qubing the commander of a force of 800 cavalry. Raiding deep into enemy territory, Huo's force kills or captures a Xiongnu Prime Minister and a Household Administrator, kills the Marquis of Jiruo (an elder relative of Yizhixie Chanyu), and captures the Chanyu's uncle Luogubi.^[2]

A conspiracy led by Liu An, king of Huainan, is discovered. Liu An commits suicide, and his queen and crown prince are executed. Huainan becomes Jiujiang Prefecture.^[3]

Deaths

Alexander II Zabinas, king of the Seleucid Empire

References

^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-1628944167.
^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-1628944167.
^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 151–158. ISBN 978-1628944167.

[1] Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-1628944167.

[2] Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-1628944167.

[3] Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 151–158. ISBN 978-1628944167.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Events ==
 <onlyinclude>
 === By place ===
 ==== Roman Republic ====
 * [[Gaius Gracchus]] elected [[Roman Republic|Roman]] [[tribune]] for the first time. He waits until after his re-election the following year before pushing forward the various civil and agrarian reforms that his [[Tiberius Gracchus|brother]] championed in [[133 BC]].
 * [[Aix-en-Provence]] founded under the name of ''Aquae Sextiae'' by the [[Roman consul]] [[Gaius Sextius Calvinus (consul 124 BC)|Sextius Calvinus]].
+* [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus|Quintus Caecilius Metellus]] conquers the [[Balearic Islands]] for Rome, for which he earns the agnomen "Balearicus." He settles 3,000 Roman and Iberian colonists on the islands and founds the cities of [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]] and [[Alcúdia|Pollentia]].
-</onlyinclude>
-* [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus|Quintus Caecilius Metellus]] conquers the [[Balearic Islands]] for Rome, for which he earns the cognomen "Balearicus." He settles 3,000 Roman and Iberian colonists on the islands and founds the cities of [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]] and [[Alcúdia|Pollentia]].
 ==== China ====
-* Spring: The [[Han Dynasty|Han]] General-in-Chief [[Wei Qing]] launches an invasion of Xiongnu territory from Dingxiang and defeats a Xiongnu army, killing or capturing several thousand of the enemy.
+* Spring: The [[Han Dynasty|Han]] General-in-Chief [[Wei Qing]] launches two invasions of Xiongnu territory from Dingxiang, defeating two Xiongnu armies and killing or capturing several thousand of the enemy.
+:* During the second expedition, the force under Su Jian and [[Zhao Xin (general)|Zhao Xin]] is surrounded and almost entirely destroyed by the army of [[Yizhixie Chanyu]]. Zhao Xin defects to the Chanyu.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 158–159}}</ref>
-* A month or so later, Wei Qing launches another expedition out of Dingxiang and defeats another Xiongnu army, killing or capturing over 10,000 of the enemy.
-* During the second expedition, the general of the right, Su Jian, and the general of the vanguard, Zhao Xin, become separated from the main army, and their force of 3000 or more cavalry is surrounded and almost entirely destroyed by the army of [[Yizhixie Chanyu]]. Zhao Xin, of Xiongnu birth, defects to the Chanyu.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 158-159}}</ref>
+:* For these two campaigns, [[Emperor Wu of Han]] orders Wei Qing to make his eighteen-year-old nephew [[Huo Qubing]] the commander of a force of 800 cavalry. Raiding deep into enemy territory, Huo's force kills or captures a Xiongnu Prime Minister and a Household Administrator, kills the Marquis of Jiruo (an elder relative of Yizhixie Chanyu), and captures the Chanyu's uncle Luogubi.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 159–160}}</ref>
-* For these two campaigns, Wei Qing, acting on imperial order, makes his eighteen-year-old nephew [[Huo Qubing]] the commander of a force of 800 cavalry, who are among the fastest and most daring riders in the army. Huo Qubing and his cavalry break away from the main army and ride deep into enemy territory, where they conduct search-and-destroy missions. Huo Qubing kills or captures a Xiongnu Prime Minister and a Household Administrator, he kills the Marquis of Jiruo, an elder relative of Yizhixie Chanyu, and he captures the Chanyu's uncle Luogubi.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 159-160}}</ref>
+* A conspiracy led by [[Liu An]], king of [[Huainan]], is discovered. Liu An commits suicide, and his queen and crown prince are executed. Huainan becomes Jiujiang Prefecture.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 151–158}}</ref>
+</onlyinclude>
-* A conspiracy to rebel is discovered, to be led by [[Liu An]], who is the king of [[Huainan]] and a cousin-once-removed to the emperor. Liu An commits suicide, and his queen and crown prince are executed. Huainan becomes Jiujiang Prefecture.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 151-158}}</ref>
 == Deaths ==

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Latest revision as of 19:34, 14 January 2024