Teresa Teng | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鄧麗君 | |||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Teng in 1979 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Teng Li-yun (鄧麗筠) 29 January 1953 Baozhong, Yunlin, Taiwan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 8 May 1995 Chiang Mai, Thailand | (aged 42)||||||||||||||||||||
Burial place | Chin Pao San, New Taipei City, Taiwan 25°15′04″N 121°36′14″E / 25.251°N 121.604°E | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nationality | Taiwanese | ||||||||||||||||||||
Occupations |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Years active | 1966–1995 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Partner | Paul Quilery (1989–1995) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Musical career | |||||||||||||||||||||
Also known as |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Genres | |||||||||||||||||||||
Labels |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 鄧麗君 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Teng Li-chun (Chinese: 鄧麗君; pinyin: Dèng Lìjūn; 29 January 1953 – 8 May 1995), commonly known as Teresa Teng, was a Taiwanese singer, actress, musician and philanthropist. Referred to by some as the "Eternal Queen of Asian Pop", she is considered one of the most successful and influential Asian popular singers of all time.[1] Teng is recognized as a cultural icon for her contributions to Chinese pop, giving birth to the phrase, "Wherever there are Chinese-speaking people, there is the music of Teresa Teng." A polyglot, her crystalline voice and emotionally resonant songs, have transcended geographical, linguistic, and political boundaries, captivating audiences across Asia for several decades.[2]
With a career spanning almost 30 years, Teng established herself as a dominant and influential force in Asia throughout most of her career,[3] including East Asia, Southeast Asia, and, to some extent, South Asia.[4] Teng is credited as the Far East's first pop superstar and by some as the pioneer of modern Chinese pop music—a major force in the development of the Chinese music industry by incorporating western and eastern styles into her music, replacing the most revolutionary songs then prevalent in mainland China and laying the foundation for modern Chinese popular music.[5]
Teng recorded more than 1,700 songs throughout her career, not only in Mandarin, but also in Hokkien, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Japanese, Indonesian, English, and Italian.[6] Teng is considered instrumental in bridging the cultural gap across Chinese-speaking regions and was one of the first artists to connect Japan to some of East and Southeast Asia by singing Japanese pop songs, according to Nippon. In Taiwan, she was famous for entertaining the armed forces and singing patriotic songs that appealed to civilians on the island. Teng was nicknamed "the patriotic entertainer" and "the soldiers' sweetheart". To date, Teng's songs have been covered by hundreds of artists worldwide.
According to IFPI statistics, Teng has sold over 48 million albums, excluding sales in mainland China.[7] In 1986, Time named her one of the seven greatest female singers in the world. In 2009, in a poll by a Chinese government web portal to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, Teng was selected as the "most influential cultural figure in China since 1949" by 8.5 million netizens. On the eve of the "March 8th International Women's Day" in 2010, she was named "the most influential woman in modern China" in a poll conducted by many well-known Chinese media.[8] In 2022, Teng received a street name in Ivry-sur-Seine, Grand Paris, from the Municipal council of France. She was inducted into the "Popular Music Hall of Fame" at the Koga Masao Music Museum in Japan in 2007, making Teng the only non-Japanese national to do so.
Early life
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IMGP5908-%E9%84%A7%E9%BA%97%E5%90%9B%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%9C%B0-%E8%A4%92%E5%BF%A0%E9%84%89.jpg/220px-IMGP5908-%E9%84%A7%E9%BA%97%E5%90%9B%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%9C%B0-%E8%A4%92%E5%BF%A0%E9%84%89.jpg)
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Teresa_Teng%27s_first_performance.png/220px-Teresa_Teng%27s_first_performance.png)
Teng was born Teng Li-yun to waishengren parents in Baozhong, Yunlin County, Taiwan on 29 January 1953. Her father was a soldier in the Republic of China Armed Forces from Daming, Hebei, and her mother was from Dongping County, Shandong, who fled to Taiwan after communists took over mainland China in 1949.[9]
The only daughter among five children, Teng was raised in a poverty-stricken family and spent her early childhood in military dependents' villages, first in Yunlin and then in Pingtung. Teng's father retired in 1957, and then worked selling cakes to make ends meet. Teng received her early education at Luzhou Elementary School in Luzhou, Taipei County, Taiwan.[10][11]
Teng was exposed to music at an early age through her music-loving parents. Her father was a Peking opera enthusiast, and her mother appreciated Huangmei opera, often accompanying Teng to Chinese movie theatres and opera houses. At the age of six, Teng began her voice lessons through an acquaintance of her father's, who instructed an air force band. Considering the environment of 1950s Taiwan under martial law, Teng's first mentor introduced her to singing before military audiences, a practice Teng continued throughout her life.[12]
Teng earned her first major prize in 1964, when she sang "Visiting Yingtai" from Shaw Brothers' Huangmei opera movie, The Love Eterne, at an event hosted by the Broadcasting Corporation of China.[13] The following year, Teng went to attend Ginling Girls' High School in Sanchong, Taipei County, to further her studies. However, due to conflict between her performances and studies, forced by family economic factors, Teng dropped out of school in the second year and pursued her career as a singer professionally. Teng was soon able to support her family with her singing.[14][15]
Career
[edit]Early beginnings and rise to fame
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/%E9%84%A7%E9%BA%97%E5%90%9B%E5%B9%BC%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%82%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87.jpg)
Teng's career commenced in 1967 as a host of the television show One Star a Day, which aired for 20 minutes from Tuesday to Sunday. She then appeared in television dramas and movies, including a leading role in the 1967 film Thank You, Manager.[16] At the age of 14, Teng withdrew from school to focus on music. She signed with a local company, Yeu Jow Records, and began to release a series of long-playing albums of "a go-go" dance tunes and cover versions of western pop songs as well as local Taiwanese, Chinese, and Southeast Asian folk tunes.[17] However, due to the lack of extra copyright royalties to increase her income, Teng committed to singing in night clubs around Taiwan.[18] She debuted at Paris Night, an upscale Taipei nightclub, and set a record for performing onstage there for 70 consecutive days, giving a 90-minute performance every single day.[19] Teng's albums sold well, and she eventually got an opportunity to record a theme song for Jingjing, Taiwan's first televised series and did a promotional tour that attracted quite a bit of attention in the media. Teng's first taste of fame came in 1968, when performance on the popular Taiwanese music program The Gathering of Stars led to a record contract. She released several albums within the next few years under the Life Records label in Hong Kong.[18] During these years, Teng recorded several top hits, such as "Remembering Mama" and "The Moment I See You, I Smile". She held concerts in Southeast Asia, drawing big crowds throughout the region.[20] Teng's earnings from performing and recording eventually afforded her family a comfortable life; they moved from Luzhou District to Beitou District, Taipei, where they bought a home.[10]
By the 1970s, Teng's music style had changed; she fused pop and opera styles and incorporated western jazz in order to further expand her market.[21] Teng's popularity boomed in Asia after she released several albums in multiple languages.[22] In April 1979, Teng held her first concert in Vancouver, Canada.[23] On her next trip, Teng toured major US cities such as San Francisco and Los Angeles. In 1980, she was invited to perform at Lincoln Center in New York and the Los Angeles Music Center in California, becoming the first singer of Chinese descent to make a headline there.[24] Upon her return to Taiwan, Teng went on a Southeast Asian tour in 1981, drawing 35,000 attendees in Malaysia.[20] She continued to hold large-scale concerts in Hong Kong and the Southeast Asian region almost every year.[25] In 1983, Teng performed a series of concerts at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. They met with tremendous success.[23] Teng gave many free concerts throughout most of her career to help the less fortunate or raise funds for charities. The funds collected from her concerts were donated to public welfare.[26]
Musical move in China
[edit]For most of the previous three decades, China was both economically and culturally closed to the rest of the world. Around 1974, Teng's songs began to trickle into China with the availability of radios. In 1977, her song "The Moon Represents My Heart" became one of the earliest foreign songs to arrive in the mainland.[27] In 1978, with economic reform and the opening of borders, cassette recorders and pirated recordings of Teng's songs began to flow from coastal cities to the rest of the country. Her popularity soon skyrocketed.[17] In Taiwan, Teng's songs became a propaganda tool for the KMT's psychological war against the Chinese Communist Party. Her songs were blasted from the sea-facing speakers from Kinmen Island to the residents of mainland China at a much higher volume. This propaganda practice continued throughout the 1980s.[28]
In the early 1980s, continuing political tension between mainland China and Taiwan led to her music, along with that of other singers from Taiwan and Hong Kong, being banned for some years in mainland China, describing it as too "bourgeois" and "corrupt" by Chinese authorities. In spite of the ban, Teng's songs defied the censorship and penetrated China's iron curtain. Her popularity continued in China through cassettes sold on Black market, with fans paying up to a month's rent for pirated cassettes of her songs. Teng's songs continued to be played everywhere, from nightclubs to government buildings, and the ban was soon lifted. Teng became almost as well known in mainland China as the country's leader. Her fans nicknamed her "Little Deng" because she had the same family name as Deng Xiaoping; there was a saying that, by day, everyone listened to "old Deng" because they had to. At night, everyone listened to "Little Teng" because they wanted to.[29][20] Shanghai Party newspaper Wenhui Bao expressed fears that Teng's songs may erode the revolutionary spirit of the (Communist) Chinese.[30] Faced with this solid wall of popularity, mainland China ceased its restrictions on her music from the mid-1980s onward.[31]
Light Exquisite Feeling and political outlook
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Teresa_Teng_game.jpg/220px-Teresa_Teng_game.jpg)
Teng's contract with Polydor ended in 1981, and she signed a contract with Taurus Records in 1983 and made a successful comeback appearance in Japan. That same year, Teng released her most critically acclaimed album, Dandan youqing, translated as Light Exquisite Feeling, which sets 12 poems from the Tang and Song dynasties into music, blending modern and traditional styles. It became her first album to include entirely new songs, without any covers. The most popular single from the album is "Wishing We Last Forever".[25] Teng apparently felt a deep attachment to the mainland, as she immersed herself in the classics of the Tang and Song periods.[32] In a television special, Teng spoke of her desire to contribute to the transmission of "Chinese" culture. Dressed in her period clothing, she commented:
I have one small wish. I hope everyone will like these songs so that the flourishing begonias within China's 10 million square kilometres and the treasures of this 5000-year old culture can be handed down generation through song. And through this, I hope our posterity will never forget the happiness, sadness, and glory of being a "Chinese" person.[33]
The album achieved commercial success, selling over 5 million copies throughout Asia, making it the best-selling Chinese music album as of August 2008.[34] It received a positive response from both the public and critics, commending Teng's outstanding interpretation of the ancient poems and successfully projecting classical Chinese literature into a contemporary popular music style. It was well accepted in Southeast Asia and went gold on the first day of its release in Hong Kong.[35] Yang Yanxing, a professor at Tianjin Conservatory of Music, greatly praised the album, describing it as "the finest work of the Chinese music circle".[15] In March 2012, Pu Xiqian from the China News Service called the album a "perfect combination of poems and music".[36] Later, Teng started working on completing a sequel to the album. However, due to changes in the surroundings of music, as well as her deteriorating health and other reasons, she failed to realise her wish.[37]
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Teresa_Teng_USA.png/220px-Teresa_Teng_USA.png)
In 1987, Teng released the Mandarin version of the album I Only Care About You. After that, owing to her health issues, she basically stopped participating in commercial activities and gradually entered a semi-retired state.[38] Teng performed in Paris during the 1989 Tiananmen student protests on behalf of the students and expressed her support. On 27 May 1989, over 300,000 people attended the Concert for Democracy in China (民主歌聲獻中華) at the Happy Valley Racecourse in Hong Kong. One of the highlights was her rendition of "My Home Is on the Other Side of the Mountain".[39]
Though Teng performed in many countries around the world, she never performed in mainland China. During her 1980 TTV concert, when asked about such a possibility, Teng responded by stating that the day she performs on the mainland will be the day the Three Principles of the People are implemented there—in reference to either the pursuit of Chinese democracy or reunification under the banner of the ROC.[40]
Career in Hong Kong
[edit]In 1975, Teng collaborated with Polydor Records of Hong Kong. Her album Island Love Songs: Goodbye My Love (1975) won her the Ten-Star Prize and the opportunity to star in a movie musical of her own. The album was awarded platinum at Hong Kong's first Golden Album Awards. In 1976, Teng held her first Hong Kong concert at Lee Theatre, which was a tremendous success. Teng continued performing in concerts for the next five years, attracting big crowds throughout this time. Two years later, Teng's albums Teresa Teng's Greatest Hits and Love Songs of the Island 3 won her second Golden Album Award. Teng released her first Cantonese album, Irreconcilable (勢不兩立) in 1980, which became the best-seller of the year; its single, "Forget Him", became one of the most famous Cantonese pop songs at that time.[23] The album received platinum at the Golden Album Awards. In 1982, her dual-album of Teresa Teng's Concert Live became another platinum after hitting the market. Teng became a household name in Hong Kong and held a concert at Queen Elizabeth Stadium the same year. Her second album, Strolling Down the Road of Life (漫步人生路), released in 1983, achieved even greater success than her predecessor. It became her fifth consecutive album to be awarded platinum, a record-breaking win against all singers in Hong Kong.[23] Teng's popularity reached its peak by the end of 1983 with six straight sold-out concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum. These concerts broke all sorts of Hong Kong records and played to a combined total audience of about 100,000 people.[31] The concert, named A Billion Applause Concert, was performed in both Taiwan and Hong Kong from 29 December 1983, to 3 January 1984, in honor of her 15th year as a performer. A year later, Teng was awarded a special medal by PolyGram Hong Kong as a tribute to her success for having sold more than five million copies in Hong Kong.[25][41]
Career in Japan
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Teresa_Teng_US1.jpg/170px-Teresa_Teng_US1.jpg)
Teng entered the Japanese market in 1973. On 1 March 1974, Teng released her first Japanese single "No Matter Tonight or Tomorrow", which marked the beginning of her career in Japan. The single initially received a lukewarm market response and was ranked 75th on the Oricon Chart with sales of approximately 30,000. The Watanabe firm considered giving up using Teng's name.[23] However, considering her success in Asia, the record company decided to release two or three consecutive singles to test the market further. On 1 July 1974, Teng's second single "Airport" was released. The sales of 'Airport' were huge, totaling 700,000 copies. She then released a number of successful singles including "The Night Ferry" and "Goodbye, My Love". In 1979, Teng was caught with a fake Indonesian passport while entering Japan and was deported and banned from entering the country for one year.[23]
After a long absence, Teng returned to the Japanese market on 21 September 1983, and released her first single "Tsugunai" (Atonement) after her comeback on 21 January 1984.[23] The single did not receive good response initially; however, after a month, sales started to pick up, and seven months later, "Tsugunai" eventually ranked eighth on the Oricon Chart and first on Japan Cable Broadcasting Chart. By the end of the year, sales surpassed 700,000 copies and final sales reached a million copies. Teng won the top award of 'Singer of the year' from Japan Cable Award. "Tsugunai" won the most popular song category and stayed on the Oricon Chart for nearly a year.[23] The success broke all the sales records of her previous period (1974–79). On 21 February 1985, Teng's next single, "Aijin" (Lover) topped the Oricon Chart and Japan cable broadcasting request chart in the first week of its release. The song remained #1 for 14 consecutive weeks and sales broke the 1.5 million mark. With "Aijin", Teng won the 'Singer of the year' for the second time. Moreover, she was invited to perform in Kōhaku Uta Gassen, which represented a high honor that is restricted to the top performers of the year in the Japanese music world. Teng's next single "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" was released on 21 February 1986.[23] The single topped both the Oricon and Japan Cable Broadcasting Chart and sales of the single reached 2.5 million in Asian market becoming one of the most popular singles in Japan that year. Teng won the Japan Cable Award for the third time in a row. She was invited to perform in Kōhaku Uta Gassen for the second time. Teng became the first-ever artist to achieve three consecutive wins of this Grand Prix, also known as Japan Cable Award. She also remains the only foreign singer to win this award for three consecutive years in the history of Japanese music (1984–86).[23] Teng gave her last solo concert at the NHK Hall in Tokyo in 1985 before semi-retiring from the entertainment circle.[42]
As a military singer in Taiwan
[edit]One of Taiwan's most famous cultural exports,[43][44] Teng was born to a military family in 1953, her father served as a member of the Republic of China Armed Forces during World War II. After the regime collapsed on the mainland, the Nationalist government switched to Taiwan as their base after 1949. As a child, Teng grew up in this martial environment of the 1950s. Her first mentor introduced her to singing before military audiences, a practice she continued throughout her life. In those years, Teng gave many performances for soldiers and sang patriotic songs on television programs. In February 1979, while attempting to enter Japan, Teng was caught using a fake Indonesian passport she bought on the black market. The incident was criticised both in Taiwan and Japan. She was barred for one year from entering the country by Japan's Minister of Justice.[18] In 1980, a year after the incident, she was allowed to return to Taiwan on condition of cooperation with the Taiwanese government. Teng performed for the Taiwanese troops again, and the income from her performances was donated to the "Funds for Self-Improvement and Patriotism". In August 1981, Teng performed for the troops for one month, touring military sites all over Taiwan. She visited the generals of the army, navy, and air force and sang for them. These performances were broadcast on TTV's special program named Teresa Teng on the Frontline. Due to her vigorous devotion to soldiers in Taiwan, Teng was awarded the "Patriotic Entertainer" medal by the government information office. These frequent performances for the troops garnered her the nickname "the soldiers' sweetheart" by the media. In 1988, the death of President Chiang Ching-kuo marked the end of martial rule in Taiwan. In the early 1990s, Teng returned to entertain the troops again, with her last performance being in 1994.[18]
Philanthropic causes
[edit]Teng began charity performances at a very young age. One of her first performances came on 17 August 1968, when she sang at the charity fair in Zhongshan Hall in Taipei, for the relief of the earthquake in the Philippines. The charity sale was donated on the spot. The following year, Teng was invited by the wife of the then-President of Singapore Yusof Ishak to a charity performance at the Singapore national opera house. That same year, Teng performed at the Ten-Star Charity Performance, held by the Singaporean authorities.[25] In 1971, she became the youngest person ever to be awarded the title of the "Charity Queen" of Hong Kong's Bai Hua You Arts Auction for making charity sales.[45] On 8 June 1973, Teng participated in the "Far East Top Ten Stars Charity Gala" in Singapore, gave four performances, and raised $400,000 to be used as scholarships for students in need. Teng continued performing for philanthropic causes throughout the 1970s in Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. In 1980, she raised over US$1 million for Yan Chai Hospital in Hong Kong and donated the proceeds of her show in Taiwan to that country's national trust fund.[30] In January 1982, Teng held a concert at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong, and the first proceeds were used for charitable donations; in August, she donated NT$160,000 to build a water tower in a village in northern Thailand and introduce a drinking water system. In 1985, Teng held a solo concert at the NHK Hall in Tokyo, Japan, proceeds of which were donated to charity. She made a special trip to Hong Kong in July 1991 to participate in the disaster relief program of ATV's "Love for East China" as a special charity performance guest to raise funds. Teng gave her last performance in 1994 in Taiwan, a year before her sudden and unexpected death.[46]
Artistry
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Teresa_Teng_LA2.jpg/220px-Teresa_Teng_LA2.jpg)
Influences
[edit]Teng credits Chinese folk songs and music as a major influence on her musical career, which she often grew up listening to.[47] As a young child, Teng was exposed to music by her music-loving parents. Teng learned Peking opera through her father, while her mother introduced her to Huangmei opera, accompanying her to opera houses and encouraging Teng to sing in that style by purchasing songbooks for her. Alongside regional and folk styles, Teng was also influenced by shidaiqu and Japanese music.[48] In addition to music, Teng was an admirer of Florence Nightingale, Xi Shi, and Lin Daiyu.[49]
Voice
[edit]Teng was a soprano, according to The New York Times.[50] She possesses a 3-octave vocal range: C3 (LowC) ~ E6 (HiE)[51] and was known for her "soothing and crystalline" singing voice,[52][53] with her vocal trademark classified as a "quasi-whisper", which David B. Gordon characterises as a "private emotion" in her listeners—as though she were singing for each of them individually.[12] Examining her vocal abilities, NetEase Entertainment praised Teng's soft voice style in the high range, describing her ability to "sing the high notes from C5 to G5 with the strength and timbre of her natural voice." It also commended Teng's breath control and her command in array of genres.[54] Wang Yueyang from Sina News commented that "Teng's voice is very distinctive, soft, and soothing," stating that "you can't hear her breathing and she can sing continuous high notes without nasal sounds."[55] Cultural critic Rey Chow has labelled Teng's voice as soft, throaty, and feminine,[56] whereas Mike Levin of Billboard described her voice as "soft and almost breathless".[57] Teng's voice covered a diverse range of musical styles and languages.[58] Meredith Schweig at Emory University notes that "Teng was famously versatile: she performed confidently in multiple languages and seamlessly blended haipai, enka, and Euro-American pop stylings in dozens of hit records," and that Teng's "voice and physical appearance were venerated as the apotheosis of feminine beauty and virtue."[59]
Lyrical writing
[edit]In 1987, Teng recorded the song "Summer Christmas", a cover of the Japanese song "Merry X'mas in Summer", originally recorded by Kuwata Band member Yoshisuke Kuwata. The same year, Teng recorded "River of Destiny", a cover of the Japanese original "Sadame Gawa". She composed the lyrics of both songs in Mandarin and included them on her 1987 Mandarin album, I Only Care About You.[60][61] In 1988, Teng wrote the lyrics for the song "We Are the Stars" in both Chinese and Japanese versions and sang it on stage with Japanese musician Yūzō Kayama on 29 October.[23] In 1992, Teng penned the lyrics for what was later revised into a song, "Star's Wish", after she died.[62]
Death and commemorations
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Wongwt_%E7%AD%A0%E5%9C%92_%2816609020913%29.jpg/220px-Wongwt_%E7%AD%A0%E5%9C%92_%2816609020913%29.jpg)
On 8 May 1995, Teng died suddenly and unexpectedly while on holiday in Chiang Mai, Thailand, at the age of 42. Several sources reported a severe asthma attack as the cause of her death; however, Thai doctors attributed Teng's death to heart failure, but no autopsy was performed. Teng had complained of having respiratory difficulties since the beginning of the year.[63] According to some witnesses, she was accompanied by her fiancé Paul Quilery, who was off scene when the attack occurred and had a rather indifferent attitude towards her sudden death. The cause of death was never confirmed, as both Teng and Quilery's families declined to allow an autopsy. Later, the case was closed by the police due to a lack of evidence.[64]
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E9%84%A7%E9%BA%97%E5%90%9B%E5%A2%93%E5%9C%92%E8%B6%B3%E5%A5%8F%E9%8B%BC%E7%90%B4_Pedal_Piano_at_Teresa_Deng%27s_Ceremony_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E9%84%A7%E9%BA%97%E5%90%9B%E5%A2%93%E5%9C%92%E8%B6%B3%E5%A5%8F%E9%8B%BC%E7%90%B4_Pedal_Piano_at_Teresa_Deng%27s_Ceremony_-_panoramio.jpg)
Teng's death produced a unified sense of loss throughout all of Asia, according to Billboard.[57] Her funeral in Taiwan became the largest state-sponsored funeral in the island's history, second only to that of ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek. Over 200,000 people lined up outside the funeral home, waiting to bid their last farewells to Teng, causing traffic in Taipei to come to a standstill.[15] Her funeral was broadcast on television stations across many Asian countries, while radio stations in Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong devoted their entire programming schedules to her music for two days.[57] Teng was given state honors at her funeral, with Taiwan's flag draped around her coffin. Hundreds of high-ranking officials and dignitaries, including commanders from three branches of the military, attended the funeral and accompanied Teng's coffin to her grave. A day of national mourning was declared and President Lee Teng-hui was among the thousands in attendance.[65] Teng was posthumously awarded the Ministry of Defense's highest honor for civilians, the KMT's "Hua-hsia Grade One Medal", the Overseas Chinese Affairs' Commission's "Hua Guang Grade One Medal", and the president's commendation.[66] Teng was buried in a mountainside tomb at Chin Pao San, a cemetery in Jinshan, New Taipei City (then Taipei County) overlooking the north coast of Taiwan.[67]
According to Teng's maiden name character, Yun, the grave was named "Yun Yuan".[68] The gravesite features a golden-colored, life-size statue of her, and a large electronic piano keyboard set in the ground that can be played by visitors who step on the keys. On the tombstone, the head of Teng is carved. The coffin lid behind the tombstone is polished with black marble. Behind the coffin lid is a stone sculpture. The upper half is a lying portrait of the singer, and the right side of the lower half is inlaid with a color photo of her, with the words "Deng Lijun, 1953–1995" written on the left side. On the right side of the coffin lid, there is a huge stone with the words "Yunyuan" inscribed by James Soong, Governor of Taiwan Province. On the left side of the coffin lid, there is a stone stele on which is engraved with the epitaph: "Here lies a superstar who dedicated her life to singing." The memorial is often visited by Teng's fans.[15]
In May 1995, Shanghai Radio host Dalù dedicated the Sunday morning broadcast to the Taiwanese singer, who died a few days earlier. Spreading her songs was banned in mainland China and the journalist was formally warned for this act.[69] In 1995, a tribute album, A Tribute to Teresa Teng, was released, which contained covers of Teng's songs by prominent Chinese rock bands.[70] In May 2002, a wax figure of Teng was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Hong Kong. A house she bought in 1986 in Hong Kong at number 18 Carmel Street, Stanley also became a popular fan site soon after her death. Plans to sell the home to finance a museum in Shanghai were made known in 2002,[71] and it was subsequently sold for HK $32 million. It closed on what would have been her 51st birthday on 29 January 2004.[72]
Legacy
[edit]Her peculiarity lie in the fact that the different cultural trajectories developed by the special political background of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait merged two different trajectories in a specific time and space dislocation, so she became the favorite of many people in that era. It would not have been possible without controversy. Today, it seems that this was normal at the time. After all, it is impossible to fully accept a cultural phenomenon like Teresa Teng with the general values and consciousness of the people at that time.
—Wang Xiaofeng, Sanlian Lifeweek[73]
Throughout her 30-year career and up to this point, Teng has been acknowledged by many as one of the most celebrated and influential figures in Asian music and popular culture,[25][74][75] considering her deep impact on the whole of Chinese society, with an influence extending beyond music to include both political and cultural spheres, while her Asia-wide reach is largely attributed to her multi-lingual abilities, which established her as an icon in all of Asia, heralding the era of region-wide pop superstardom that has become today's norm.[76][57][77]
Cultural impact
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Plaque_Rue_Teresa_Teng_-_Ivry-sur-Seine_%28FR94%29_-_2023-02-05_-_2.jpg/220px-Plaque_Rue_Teresa_Teng_-_Ivry-sur-Seine_%28FR94%29_-_2023-02-05_-_2.jpg)
Teng emerged as one of the biggest singers in the world in her heyday of the 1970s and 1980s,[78] with many considering her the most famous Asian popstar of her time.[79][18] Teng's profound influence on Asian popular music and the Chinese cultural sphere throughout the latter half of the 20th century and thereafter[32][57] led to her being recognized as the Far East's first pop superstar.[80][64] She is credited by some as an enlightener and a pioneer of Chinese vocal performance art and modern popular music, opening up the performance paths of modern Chinese pop singers and enlightening the artistic dreams of many later musicians and cultural people.[81][82][83]
Numerous musical and non-musical figures have cited Teng as their idol and a major influence on their work. These include singer Faye Wong, Jay Chou, Jane Zhang, Kazukiyo Nishikiori of Japanese pop group Shonentai, Tetsuya Murakami of The Gospellers, Junko Akimoto, Rimi Natsukawa, "father" of Chinese rock Cui Jian, Romanian singer Cristina Boboacă,[84] fashion designer Vivienne Tam, Nobel Prize laureate and writer Liu Xiaobo, poet and writer Xu Pei, manga artist Kenshi Hirokane, filmmaker Jia Zhangke, as well as painter and sculptor Jian Guo,[85] among others.
China (PRC)
[edit]Prior to the 1980s, foreign music and art were prohibited in mainland China for most of three decades, and love songs were almost non-existent, aside from political and red songs, which heavily dominated the country's cultural domain. They were commonly revolutionary model operas promoting the ideals of the party and military. Jin Zhaojun, a prominent Chinese music critic, characterised the music during this period as "overly masculine and lacking in femininity", in which people were denied a whole range of basic human desires and modes of expression. Teng's music, in this regard, broke new ground in terms of style and content. She blended traditional Chinese folk music with Western pop and jazz, opening the doors to the musical creations of later generations.[27][86] Musicians began to study the new forms of music that entered the mainland through foreign cassettes and tape recorders, such as orchestration and singing style. She became the earliest guide for composers on how to arrange music for popular songs, and numerous musicians reproduced their work by imitating her.[87] An important piece of testimony to this is the use of saxophone introduced by Teng. Her frequent use of jazz or jazz-influenced ensembles in her music set the standard for saxophone performance practice in mainland pop today.[88] Another aspect of Teng's influence was the establishment of a "breath singing method". Jin pointed out that, before this, alongside more authentic folk singing, the Chinese also had a "national singing" between bel canto and folk singing. Teng taught that people could also sing with another part of their voice, which was later named "popular singing".[73]
Teng's songs were centred on a range of subjects, most primarily love and human relations—the most lacking elements in mainland culture at the time.[27] By the early 1970s, as rates of radio ownership began to increase, especially of cheap and portable transistor models, listening to Teng's music became the primary attraction. Author Ah Cheng recalled hearing her music for the first time in 1975 as a sort of excitement and extreme addiction that he and his friends would press their ears to the wooden frame of a shortwave radio only to get her voice heard.[17] His account of his internal exile in the mountains of Yunnan is better representative of this phenomenon:
Yunnan was endowed with a magnificent geographical gift: you could hardly hear central people's radio, and the newspaper would take days to make its way into the mountains and then be collected at the party's secretary's house, where you could ask him to tear off a strip when you wanted to roll up a cigarette. For people who listen to enemy radio, radio from the center or the official newspaper was merely a supplemental reference. But listening to enemy radio was not about political news so much as entertainment. I remember that whenever the Australian national station broadcast a radio play of the Taiwanese film The Story of a Small Town everyone would bring their own radio because the shortwave signal would tend to drift and that way we could cover the entire frequency range and make sure we had continuous sound from at least one receiver at a time. The boys and girls sitting around that grass hut would be in tears! Especially when Teresa Teng's voice rang out, emotions would rise to a fever pitch – her voice was to die for.[17]
The popularity of Teng's music among her listeners marked the birth of China's fan culture. Without the technology to communicate, fans organised their own groups of fandom by sharing her tapes or discussing her music together. Teng's music fandom is considered the earliest stage of the development of the Chinese pop culture fandom, before which no popular media could be found.[89] In 1977, Teng's popular love song "The Moon Represents My Heart" was released; it became one of the first foreign songs to break into the country. Her songs over the following decade revolutionized Chinese popular culture, which marked the end of the extremely tight control exercised in the preceding three decades by the communist party over Chinese society and culture.[90][27]
Author Ah Cheng cited Teng's songs, an inspiration for the revival of popular culture on the mainland.[91] Wu'erkaixi, a Chinese political commentator of Uyghur heritage, asserted that the youngsters who listened to her songs discovered the desire for the pursuit of freedom through her singing voice. He adds that "to the Chinese, Deng Lijun was a great person. If Deng Xiaoping brought economic freedom to China, she brought liberation of the body and free thinking to China."[92]
According to Nobel Peace Prize laureate and writer Liu Xiaobo, "Teng's romantic songs reawakened our soft centers by dismantling the cast-iron frame work of our "revolutionary wills," melting our cold, unfeeling hearts, reviving sexual desires, and liberating our long-suppressed human softness and tenderness."[93] Filmmaker Jia Zhangke said that Teng's songs were a big inspiration that drove his curiosity towards cinema.[94] He relates: "Her songs represented a massive transformation in the cultural landscape of China at that time. Prior to the 1980s, China had no popular culture to speak of. The closest thing we had were revolutionary model operas and things made in that mould. Everything around us was structured collectively: we, but Teng's songs, on the other hand, were entirely new at the time.. they evoked individual desire: me, changing everything."[95] Regarding her contribution to the development of the music industry in China, Wang Xiaofeng at Sanlian Lifeweek wrote, "Teng not only pioneered the development of popular music but also stimulated the rapid development of audio-video companies at that time." He stated that listening to tapes was one of the main cultural activities and that they were luxury goods, but this did not stop ordinary people from consuming them. In 1979, there were only a few audio-video distribution companies in the Mainland. By 1982, it had increased to 300, indicating Teng's music as the trailblazer for this change.[96]
Beyond China (PRC)
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Teresa_Teng_NY.jpg/220px-Teresa_Teng_NY.jpg)
Teng became popular in Japan and Southeast Asia, and to some extent, South Asia,[4] achieving a "cult status" in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China, and Japan, where she became a "barometer of cross-strait relations" in rising geopolitical tensions at the time,[97] and one of the first artists to break through linguistic and cultural barriers, garnering recognition and acclaim from cultures across much of the region that had previously been confined to national borders.[98][76] Her songs have been covered by several hundreds of singers all over the world; by artists like Faye Wong, Leslie Cheung, Jon Bon Jovi, Siti Nurhaliza, Shila Amzah, Katherine Jenkins, Im Yoon-ah, David Archuleta, Agnez Mo, Greek singer Nana Mouskouri, English vocal group Libera, Jewish singer Noa, Grammy Award-winning American musician Kenny G, Kiwi pianist Carl Doy, Cuba's leading a cappella musical band Vocal Sampling, among others.[99][100][101] Her songs are also featured in various international films, such as Rush Hour 2, The Game, Prison On Fire, Year of the Dragon, Formosa Betrayed, Gomorrah, Crazy Rich Asians, and the Disney + TV series American Born Chinese.[102][103]
In 1974, Teng entered the Japanese market, two years after Japan severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan. She was extremely popular in Japan throughout the 1970s and 1980s, having lived off her royalties in the country after semi-retiring in the late '80s. During this tenure, Teng recorded and performed Japanese pop songs, often termed as kayokyoku by Japanese media, and helped connect Japan to much of East Asia, particularly Taiwan, China, and some of Southeast Asia, helping bridge the gap between them, some of which were later covered in Mandarin, as reported by Nippon.[104]
Hirano Kumiko, an author at Nippon writes:[104]
For Japanese, Teresa Teng was more than just a popular singer. By performing kayōkyoku, she connected Japan to its Asian neighbors. She taught us about the profundity of Chinese culture, whether in her birthplace of Taiwan, her ancestral home of China, or Hong Kong, which she loved throughout her life. We, her Japanese fans, will never forget her velvety voice and the brief, beautiful radiance of her life.
In 2007, Teng was inducted into the "Popular Music Hall of Fame" at the Koga Masao Music Museum in Japan, making her the only non-Japanese national to do so.[105] In 2015, on an occasion to commemorate the 20th death anniversary of the singer, Akira Tada from Nikkei Asia wrote, "Asia has undergone significant changes in the past 20 years, with the flow of people, goods, and information having increased considerably. At the same time, new political frictions have developed. Teng, who continues to be loved across national and ethnic boundaries, still shines as a voice uniting Asia through song."[106] In 2018, The Guardian wrote, "In 20th-century pop music, the voice of Elvis Presley is as iconic and identifiable in the west as that of Teresa Teng is in the east."[107] Andrew N. Weintraub and Bart Barendregt described her as "a model of inter-Asian modernity whose voice crossed linguistic, national and generational borders",[98] whereas John F. Copper called her "the most heard singer in the world ever" during her time.[108]
Achievements and honors
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Stamp_of_Abkhazia_%281996%29_-_Teresa_Teng_01.jpg/220px-Stamp_of_Abkhazia_%281996%29_-_Teresa_Teng_01.jpg)
Considered a "brilliant linguist" by The New York Times,[63] Teng was named one of the world's seven greatest female singers by Time magazine in 1986.[109] In a national survey by NHK in 1997, her song "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" was voted number 16 among the 100 greatest Japanese songs of all time, [110] while her song The Moon Represents My Heart ranked first among the 10 best Chinese classics of the 20th century in a poll by RTHK in 1999.[111] In 2008, Teng was the only singer to be selected among China's 30 outstanding people in 30 years of reform and opening up.[112][113] In 2009, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, a government web portal conducted an online poll to choose "The Most Influential Cultural Figure in China since 1949". Over 24 million people voted, and Teng came out as the winner with 8.5 million votes.[22]
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Stamp_of_Tuva_%281996%29_-_Teresa_Teng_09.jpg/170px-Stamp_of_Tuva_%281996%29_-_Teresa_Teng_09.jpg)
On the eve of the "March 8th International Women's Day" in 2010, she was named "the most influential woman in modern China" in a poll conducted by many well-known Chinese media.[114][115][15] At the 2010 Chinese Music Awards, her song The Moon Represents My Heart was ranked first by critics among the 30 greatest Chinese musical works of the past 30 years.[116][117] The same year, CNN listed Teng among the 20 most influential music artists of the past 50 years.[22] In 2011, Teng's song "The Moon Represents My Heart" topped the online survey to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China.[13] The same year, China Internet Information Center ranked her second on its list of top 10 Chinese celebrities who died young.[118] In 2012, Commonwealth Magazine placed Teng at number 19 on its 50 most influential people in Taiwan in the last 400 years, making her the highest-ranked performer on the list.[119]
The 1996 Hong Kong film Comrades: Almost a Love Story, directed by Peter Chan, features the tragedy and legacy of Teng in a subplot to the main story. The movie won best picture in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and at the Seattle International Film Festival in the United States.[120] In 2007, TV Asahi produced a drama series entitled Teresa Teng Monogatari (テレサ・テン物語) to commemorate the 13th anniversary of her death. Actress Yoshino Kimura starred as Teng.[121]
In 2002, Teng's commemorative statue was erected in Fushou Garden, Qingpu District, Shanghai.[122] In Taiwan, a bronze statue was unveiled outside Luzhou metro station on 25 June 2011.[123] In 2015, a temple in Changhua County, Taiwan, erected a statue of the singer, honoring her as "Miaoyun Bodhisattva".[124] That same year, the Daming County government in Handan City, Hebei province, China, built a "Lijun Town" dedicated to her. It renovated Teng's ancestral home to its original appearance. Her singing can be heard in every corner of the town.[125] The city also features the "Teresa Teng Hanging Garden" and the "Teresa Teng Art Center", including a statue of the singer. Visitors can enjoy her music through artificial intelligence technology.[126]
On 29 January 2018, a Google Doodle was released across Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Bulgaria, and Iceland to honor Teng on what have been be her 65th birthday.[127][128][129] To date, Teng's stamps have been issued by countries across the world, including Papua New Guinea, Timor, Sierra Leone, Argentina, Liberia, Tuva Republic of Russia, Abkhazia, Grenada, Sakha Republic of Russia, Batum, Japan, Guinea-Bissau, North Korea,[130] and Republic of Mali, in addition to Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China.[131] Teng has a street in her name in Ivry-sur-Seine, Grand Paris. The name was adopted by the vote of the Municipal council of France held on 17 February 2022.[132]
Personal life
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Teresea_Teng_%26_mother.jpg/220px-Teresea_Teng_%26_mother.jpg)
Like her maternal grandmother Mary Chang (張守鑫),[133] Teng grew up Roman Catholic. As a child, she often spent her time playing around St. Joseph Catholic Church in Luzhou, where she received baptism.[134] Later on, Teng became a Buddhist and spent her last six years living quietly in France.[135]
In 1971, Teng met her first boyfriend, Lin Zhenfa[spelling?] (林振發), a Malaysian paper tycoon, and they soon fell in love. In 1978, he died of a heart attack. Later, Teng, accompanied by her close friends, went to the cemetery to pay respects to her boyfriend.[136] In 1980, while in the US, Teng met Jackie Chan, who was filming in Hollywood. However, due to their personality differences, their relationship was short-lived and they parted ways.[137]
In 1982, Teng was engaged to Beau Kuok, a Malaysian businessman and the son of multi-billionaire Robert Kuok. However, Beau's grandmother imposed several conditions on their union, including that Teng cease her career as an entertainer as well as fully disclose her biography and all her past relationships in writing. But Teng turned down the proposal, and the marriage was called off.[64][12] In 1990, Teng met French photographer Paul Quilery in France, who was a friend of a guitarist in her band. They dated for five years and got engaged a month before Teng died on 8 May 1995.[138]
Discography
[edit]Awards
[edit]Teng received the following selected awards:
Japan:[139]
- 1974: 16th Japan Record Awards: New Artist Award for "Kūkō" (空港)
- Japan Cable Awards: Grand Prix for "Tsugunai" (つぐない) in 1984: "Aijin" (愛人) in 1985; and "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" (時の流れに身をまかせ) in 1986. Teng's fourth Grand Prix for "Walare no Yokan" in 1988 was only for the All Japan Wired Cable Awards' year first-half award show (上半期)
- 1986: 28th Japan Record Awards: Gold Award for "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" (時の流れに身をまかせ).
- 1987: Japan Cable Awards: The Outstanding Star Award for "Wakare no Yokan" (別れの予感)
- 1987, 1988: The Cable Radio Music Award for "Wakare no Yokan".
- 1995: The Cable Radio Special Merit Award (有線功労賞) for three consecutive Grand Prix wins.
Taiwan:
- 1980: 15th Golden Bell Awards: Best Female Singer[140]
Hong Kong:
- 1978: RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards for "Siu Cyun Zi Lyun" (小村之戀)[141]
- 1995: Golden Needle Award (posthumously)[142]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Sources:
- Hernández, Javier C. (21 January 2019). "In the Heart of Beijing, a Taiwanese Pop Idol Makes Fans Swoon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
a shrine to the woman he considers a goddess: the Taiwanese pop singer Teresa Teng, one of Asia's most celebrated artists.
- Schweig, Meredith (7 September 2022). Renegade Rhymes: Rap Music, Narrative, and Knowledge in Taiwan. University of Chicago Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-226-82058-3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
the late Teng (1953-1995), a star of the greatest luminosity throughout East and Southeast Asia,
- Frater, Patrick (21 October 2014). "Digital Domain Expands Into Performance Hologram Sector". Variety. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
TNT Production, to produce performance holograms of top Asian singing star Teresa Teng
- "Remembering 5 of Teresa Teng's songs, 25 years after her death". South China Morning Post. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
the Taiwanese cultural icon is considered one of the greatest singers in Asian recording history
- Hernández, Javier C. (21 January 2019). "In the Heart of Beijing, a Taiwanese Pop Idol Makes Fans Swoon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Chu, Karen (13 November 2018). "Fox Networks Group Asia to Produce Miniseries Inspired by Taiwanese Singer Teresa Teng". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Teresa Teng's 65th Birthday". Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ a b Copper, John Franklin (13 November 2019). Taiwan: Nation-State or Province?. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-80831-9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Google Doodle Celebrates Singing Sensation Teresa Teng". Time. 28 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ "Icon for the Ages". Taiwan Today. 1 September 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "任时光匆匆流去,我只在乎邓丽君" [As time flies by, I only care about Teresa Teng]. BBC News 中文 (in Traditional Chinese). 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
According to recorded statistics, Teresa Teng's total album sales have exceeded 48 million (according to IFPI statistics, excluding sales data in mainland China).
- ^ ""丽君归来 燕燕于飞"郑海燕音乐作品专辑发行-中国新闻网" [The Return of Lijun, Yan Yan Yu Fei" Zheng Haiyan's music album released]. China News Service. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ Brown, Kerry (1 May 2015). Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography Volume 4. Berkshire Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-61472-900-6. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ a b Schweig, Meredith (25 August 2021). "Legacy, Agency, and the Voice(s) of Teresa Teng". In Guy, Nancy (ed.). Resounding Taiwan: Musical Reverberations Across a Vibrant Island. Routledge. pp. 213–228. ISBN 978-1-000-43121-6.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Path_The Native Land". library.taiwanschoolnet.org. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ a b c "Prodigy of Taiwan, Diva of Asia: Teresa Teng". Association for Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Icon for the Ages". Taiwan Today. Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 September 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Beautiful sight". library.taiwanschoolnet.org. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "邓丽君逝世15周年祭:多名歌手翻唱其歌曲走红". Sina Corp. 11 May 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (8 July 2016). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 2: Twentieth Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-49924-6. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d Jones, Andrew F. (17 March 2020). Circuit Listening: Chinese Popular Music in the Global 1960s. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-6326-6. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Tsai, Eva; Ho, Tung-Hung; Jian, Miaoju (14 November 2019). Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-11912-2. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Hongliang, Wang (27 April 2015). "邓丽君:漂泊者的荣耀与孤独" [Teresa Teng: The Glory and Loneliness of the Wanderer]. Sanlian Life Weekly. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ a b c "Teresa Teng: Asian Star". Taiwan Today. 1 March 1982. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023.
- ^ Pockrus, Jason. The Saxophone In China: Historical Performance And Development (PDF). University of North Texas. pp. 150–152. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ a b c "Remembering 5 of Teresa Teng's songs, 25 years after her death". South China Morning Post. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cheng, Chen-Ching (2016). Negotiating Deng Lijun: Collective Memories of Popular Music in Asia During the Cold War Period. University of Edinburgh. pp. 54–56, 204–218, A39–A44.
- ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (8 July 2016). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 2: Twentieth Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-49923-9.
- ^ a b c d e Fung, Anthony; Chik, Alice (19 April 2020). Made in Hong Kong: Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-05608-2. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Concerts to pay tribute to Teresa Teng". The Star. Malaysia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d Baranovitch, Nimrod (1 August 2003). China's New Voices: Popular Music, Ethnicity, Gender, and Politics, 1978–1997. University of California Press. pp. 10–13. ISBN 978-0-520-93653-9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ Maggie Hiufu Wong (3 March 2021). "Tanks, propaganda and tourists: Welcome to Kinmen County, 'Taiwan's DMZ'". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- ^ "The Melancholy Pop Idol Who Haunts China". The New Yorker. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ a b "Teresa Teng: Asian Star". Taiwan Today. Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 March 1982. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Prodigy of Taiwan, Diva of Asia: Teresa Teng". Association for Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Teresa Teng's songs still resonate 20 years on". Nikkei Asia. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ Lee, Lorin Ann (May 2012). Singing Sinophone : a case study of Teresa Teng, Leehom Wang, and Jay Chou (thesis thesis). Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "乐坛大震荡 郑东汉收购EMI大中华区" [Zheng Donghan's acquisition of EMI Music shocks China]. Xinhua News Agency. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Abert, Hans (19 February 1983). "Album Of Chinese Poems A Hit". Billboard. p. 9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "神曲纷纷穿上"诗经"马甲 网友很开心专家斥恶搞-中新网". China News Service. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ^ ""东方神韵"的化身_新闻中心_新浪网". Sina Corp. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Teresa Teng: An Asian Idol Loved in Japan". Nippon. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ Cheng, Chen-Ching (2016). Negotiating Deng Lijun: Collective Memories of Popular Music in Asia During the Cold War Period. University of Edinburgh. p. 170. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ "PHOTO ESSAYS Teresa Teng's heavenly voice continues to echo transcendently". focustaiwan.tw. Central News Agency (Taiwan). 5 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ^ Hongliang, Wang (27 April 2015). "邓丽君:漂泊者的荣耀与孤独 Teresa Teng: The Glory and Loneliness of the Wanderer". Sanlian Life Weekly (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ "テレサ・テン、最後のライブを完全リミックスでLP化" [Teresa Teng makes LP of the last live performance with a complete remix]. 音楽業界総合情報サイト (in Japanese). 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021 – via Musicman.co.jp.
- ^ "The Melancholy Pop Idol Who Haunts China". The New Yorker. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- ^ Frater, Patrick (12 November 2018). "Teresa Teng, Legendary Singer, Series in the Works at Fox Asia". Variety. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A. D.; Wiles, Sue (1998). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-0798-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Cheng, Chen-Ching (2016). Negotiating Deng Lijun: Collective Memories of Popular Music in Asia During the Cold War Period. University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ Wren, Christopher S. (30 January 1984). "MUSIC TO MAINLAND EARS, OFF-KEY TO PEKING CHIEFS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ Schweig, Meredith (25 August 2021). "Legacy, Agency, and the Voice(s) of Teresa Teng". In Guy, Nancy (ed.). Resounding Taiwan: Musical Reverberations Across a Vibrant Island. Routledge. pp. 213–228. ISBN 978-1-000-43121-6. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "何日君再来——邓丽君十年祭(组图)_新闻中心_新浪网" [When will Mr. Teresa come again - Ten Years Ceremony of Teresa Teng]. news.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ Wren, Christopher S. (30 January 1984). "MUSIC TO MAINLAND EARS, OFF-KEY TO PEKING CHIEFS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "唱功分级里为什么邓丽君总是评分最高的?" [Why is Teresa Teng always rated the highest when it comes to singing skills?]. NetEase. 22 January 2019.
- ^ "Teresa Teng: Asian Star". Taiwan Today. 1 March 1982. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "Life and works of Teresa Teng to be showcased at expo – Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 8 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "唱功分级里为什么邓丽君总是评分最高的?" [Why is Teresa Teng always rated the highest when it comes to singing skills?]. NetEase. 22 January 2019.
- ^ "永远的邓丽君" [Forever Teresa Teng]. Sina News. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ Chow, Rey (27 March 2007). Sentimental Fabulations, Contemporary Chinese Films: Attachment in the Age of Global Visibility. Columbia University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-231-50819-3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Levin, Mike (20 May 1995). "Death Of Teresa Teng Saddens All Of Asia". Billboard. p. 3, 110. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ "Life and works of Teresa Teng to be showcased at expo - Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 8 October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ Schweig, Meredith (7 September 2022). Renegade Rhymes: Rap Music, Narrative, and Knowledge in Taiwan. University of Chicago Press. pp. 43, 73. ISBN 978-0-226-82058-3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "夏日聖誕 – Album Version", kkbox.com (in Traditional Chinese), archived from the original on 26 January 2023, retrieved 26 January 2023
- ^ "命運之川", kkbox.com (in Traditional Chinese), archived from the original on 26 January 2023, retrieved 26 January 2023
- ^ "Relive Teresa Teng magic at newly opened memorial hall – China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- ^ a b Wudunn, Sheryl (10 May 1995). "Teresa Teng, Singer, 40, Dies; Famed in Asia for Love Songs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019.
- ^ a b c "Ngày này năm xưa: Bí ẩn vụ "đệ nhất danh ca châu Á" đột tử" [This day in the past: The mystery of the sudden death of 'Asia's first famous singer']. VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023.
- ^ "Taiwan bids farewell to Teresa Teng". United Press International. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
- ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (8 July 2016). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 2: Twentieth Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-49923-9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ "Google Doodle pays homage to Teresa Teng". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Area, North Coast & Guanyinshan National Scenic (13 February 2009). "North Coast & Guanyinshan National Scenic Area". North Coast & Guanyinshan National Scenic Area. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ "Interview: Chinese journalist Dalù and his escape to Italy". Italian Insider. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ Ellingham, Mark (1999). The Rough Guide to World Music. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ Taiwanese diva's home 'for sale' Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News, 29 July 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2007.
- ^ "A Retrospective Look at 2004". Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). HKVP Radio, Dec 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2007. - ^ a b Xiaofeng, Wang. "邓丽君和我们的一个时代_三联生活周刊" [Teresa Teng and one of our times]. Sanlian Life Weekly (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ Hernández, Javier C. (21 January 2019). "In the Heart of Beijing, a Taiwanese Pop Idol Makes Fans Swoon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Chu, Katherine; Petrus, Juliet (30 November 2020). Singing in Mandarin: A Guide to Chinese Lyric Diction and Vocal Repertoire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-5381-3143-5. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b Hsu, Hua (3 August 2015). "The Melancholy Pop Idol Who Haunts China". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ "Prodigy of Taiwan, Diva of Asia: Teresa Teng". Association for Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ "Looking and sounding like Teresa Teng". AsiaOne. 6 October 2013. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ General, Ryan (30 January 2018). "One of Most Famous Chinese Singers in History Was Also Banned in China". NextShark. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ Pieke, Frank N. (3 August 2021). Global East Asia: Into the Twenty-First Century. University of California Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-520-97142-4. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ Levin, Mike (20 May 1995). "Death Of Teresa Teng Saddens All Of Asia". Billboard. p. 3. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
Born in Taiwan to mainland Chinese parents, Teng is considered the archetype of modern Chinese pop music
- ^ "The Pioneer of the Enlightenment of Modern Pop Music in Greater China–Teng Lijun's Vocal Art Features and Its Influence". Journal of Hubei University of Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ "The Enlightenment and Pioneer of Chinese Vocal Music Performance Art—An Analysis of the Success of Teresa Teng's Vocal Music Performance Art". Jiangsu Ocean University. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
- ^ Sources:
- China (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of (1 September 2015). "Icon for the Ages". Taiwan Today. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "张靓颖纪念邓丽君60周年冥诞:我们深深在乎你-中新网". China News Service. 29 January 2013. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "錦織一清、テレサ・テン記念作演出に感激「雲の上の存在で憧れの方」". ORICON NEWS. 18 May 2012. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "夏川、BEGIN、ゴス村上がテレサ・テンと奇跡のデュエット". Music Natalie (in Japanese). 9 April 2010. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2003). China. Rough Guides. p. 1236. ISBN 978-1-84353-019-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- Macovei, Denisa (27 February 2017). "EXCLUSIV. Incredibila poveste a româncei care face senzație în China! "Adoptată" de părinții idolului ei după ce a fost obligată să-și schimbe numele". Libertatea (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- China (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of (1 September 2015). "Icon for the Ages". Taiwan Today. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ Sources:
- "Liu Xiaobo, Chinese dissident and Nobel Peace laureate, 1955–2017". Financial Times. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- Liu, Xiaobo; Link, E. Perry; Martin-Liao, Tienchi (16 January 2012). No Enemies, No Hatred. Harvard University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-674-07194-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2022.*
- Pei, Xu. "邓丽君的"中国梦" | 徐沛文集" [Teresa Teng's "Chinese Dream"]. China News Digest (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- "「テレサ・テンを歌ってみたコンテスト」、ニコ動でスタート!~課題曲は「つぐない」「愛人」「時の流れに身をまかせ」6/30〆". プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1|PR TIMES. 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "When cinema imitates life". The Hindu. 25 October 2016. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "The song on Radio Australia that changed former Chinese soldier Jian Guo's life". ABC News. 3 December 2021. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "How Hong Kong inspired Vivienne Tam's latest fashion collection". South China Morning Post. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ Peddie, Ian (6 February 2020). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music and Social Class. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-5013-4538-8. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "邓丽君和我们的一个时代_三联生活周刊" [Teresa Teng and one of our times]. Sanlian Life Weekly. 13 May 2005. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ Pockrus, Jason. The Saxophone In China: Historical Performance And Development (PDF). University of North Texas. pp. 150–152. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ Zhang, Yuanhao (2014). Fandom, Youth and Western Pop Music in China (PDF). Simon Fraser University. pp. 12–13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024.
- ^ 王曉寒 (2006). 征服英語新聞 (in Chinese). 臺灣商務印書館. ISBN 978-957-05-2098-9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "When Will you Come Back Again?". Taiwan Panorama Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ Holtsträter, Knut; Fischer, Michael (2016). Lied und populäre Kultur / Song and Popular Culture 60/61 (2015/2016): Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Populäre Kultur und Musik 60./61. Jahrgang – 2015/2016. Musik und Protest Music and Protest (in German). Waxmann Verlag. pp. 49–54. ISBN 978-3-8309-8501-3. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Liu, Xiaobo (16 January 2012). No Enemies, No Hatred. Harvard University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-674-07194-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "When cinema imitates life". The Hindu. 25 October 2016. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ Berry, Michael (25 July 2019). Jia Zhangke's 'Hometown Trilogy': Xiao Wu, Platform, Unknown Pleasures. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83871-655-4. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Xiaofeng, Wang (13 May 2005). "邓丽君和我们的一个时代" [Teresa Teng and one of our times]. Sanlian Lifeweek. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ "Banned by Beijing, Teresa Teng's music was loved across China". South China Morning Post. 10 May 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ a b Weintraub, Andrew N.; Barendregt, Bart (31 July 2017). Vamping the Stage: Female Voices of Asian Modernities. University of Hawaii Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8248-7419-3. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Chew Hui Min (20 August 2015). "Bon Jovi covers Teresa Teng classic – in Mandarin | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ MEI, THAM AI (15 September 2005). "Sadness behind the smile". The Star. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Alhamzah, Tahir (11 November 2018). "#Showbiz: Kenny G's sax appeal leaves audience all awe-struck". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Marchetti, Gina (31 March 2018). Citing China: Politics, Postmodernism, and World Cinema. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6660-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ Wang, Jessica (27 May 2023). "How American Born Chinese brought cultural specificity to the screen". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Teresa Teng: An Asian Idol Loved in Japan". Nippon. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ "平成19年 大衆音楽の殿堂(顕彰者一覧) | 古賀政男音楽博物館" [2007 Popular Music Hall of Fame (list of honorees) | Masao Koga Music Museum]. www.koga.or.jp. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ "Teresa Teng's songs still resonate 20 years on". Nikkei Asia. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ "The Guardian view on the secret of singing: whatever it is, Aretha knew it | Editorial". The Guardian. 17 August 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ Copper, John Franklin (13 November 2019). Taiwan: Nation-State or Province?. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-80831-9. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Hologram brings diva back to life". The Daily Telegraph. 7 September 2013. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "日本の歌・邦楽の名曲ランキング(20世紀の日本人を感動させた歌)~大畑亮介". u-canclub.jp. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ 网易 (13 January 2021). "盘点20世纪香港乐坛十大金曲:邓丽君太经典,刘德华张国荣齐上榜" [Taking stock of the top ten hits in the Hong Kong music scene in the 20th century: Teresa Teng is too classic, Andy Lau and Leslie Cheung are both on the list]. NetEase Entertainment. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ "Prof. Wang Xuan Selected in "30 Outstanding People in Thirty-Year's Reform and Opening-Up"". Peking University. 30 November 2008. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ Zhou, Xiaohong (24 October 2017). Inner Experience of the Chinese People: Globalization, Social Transformation, and the Evolution of Social Mentality. Springer. p. 128. ISBN 978-981-10-4986-6. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ ""丽君归来 燕燕于飞"郑海燕音乐作品专辑发行-中国新闻网" [The Return of Lijun, Yan Yan Yu Fei" Zheng Haiyan's music album released]. China News Service. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ ""最有影响力中国女性"调查结果公示-搜狐博客" [The Most Influential Chinese Women" Survey Results Announced]. zt.blog.sohu.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "華語金曲獎"30年經典揭曉" [Chinese Golden Melody Award" 30-year classics announced]. Chinesemusicawards.org. 22 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ ""华语金曲奖" 30年经典揭晓" [Chinese Golden Melody Awards" 30-year classics revealed]. Sina Entertainment. Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ "Top 10 Chinese celebrities who died young - China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
- ^ "五十位「影響力人物」". Commonwealth Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ Eisner, Ken (10 June 1997). "Seattle fest auds laud 'Comrades'". Variety. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ "テレサ・テンと木村佳乃の時空を超えたコラボ実現!!". Oricon News. 8 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ "邓丽君香逝26周年上海追思会在上海福寿园举行" (in Chinese). Fu Shou Yuan International Group. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "鄧麗君銅像揭幕 蘆洲新地標" [Bronze statue of Teresa Teng unveiled as new landmark of Luzhou]. China Times. 26 June 2011.
- ^ "百年廟辦5千桌普渡!驚見鄧麗君菩薩…家屬愣|東森新聞". EBC News (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
- ^ 中国新闻网 (8 May 2018). "海内外"君迷"河北大名县"丽君小镇"悼念邓丽君". Sina Corp. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ "失落成语之都邯郸:哪家购物中心成为商业地标的有力争夺者?". news.winshang.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ Karki, Tripti (29 January 2018). "Google Doodle celebrates 65th birth anniversary of Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng". India TV. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ "Teresa Teng's 65th birthday celebrated in Google Doodle". Political Analysis South Africa. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ "Google Doodle commemorates Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng". Taiwan News. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ Sources:
- "International Superstar Deng Lijun-2021Years Papua New Guinea Stamps6A Set of Foreign Stamps". Shopee.sg. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- "Teresa Teng". HipStamp. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- "テレサ・テン|写真付き切手(Pスタンプ)コレクション". yushu.or.jp. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- "Teresa Teng Postal Stamps". Stampera.eu. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ Sources:
- "Deng Lijun – famous Chinese singer from Taiwan s/s MNH #ML1116 IMPERF". eBay. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
- "邮票上的邓丽君". sohu.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ d'Ivry-sur-Seine, Ville. "Le groupe de travail « dénominations » ivryen". Ville d'Ivry-sur-Seine (in French). Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Hirano, Kumiko (29 May 2020). "鄧麗君逝世25周年紀念――悼念時代風雲歌后" [The 25th Anniversary of Teresa Teng's Death: A Tribute to the Queen of the Times]. Nippon (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Teresa Teng's childhood religious ground". library.taiwanschoolnet.org. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ "Singer Teresa Teng dies suddenly in Thailand at 42 – from the SCMP archive". South China Morning Post. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ "《歌声里》旗袍专场 揭邓丽君3段隐秘恋情" (in Chinese). Sina Corp. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "何日君再来:邓丽君成龙昔日恋情回首(图)-搜狐新闻". news.sohu. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
- ^ "鄧麗君死臉留巴掌印、男友阻屍檢…20年後他揭死亡真相" (in Traditional Chinese). SET TV. 28 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
當時保羅作為鄧麗君錄音團隊中一個吉他手的朋友前來探班時,經介紹認識後,保羅就當上了鄧麗君的專職攝影師,更進而產生戀情...就這樣他們一起走過5年的時光;在鄧麗君去世前的一個月,他們還在泰國的寺廟中舉辦了訂婚儀式。
- ^ " テレサ・テン データべース (Teresa Teng Database)" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 December 2007.
- ^ "Teresa Teng: Asian Star". Taiwan Today. March 1982. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "第一屆 (1978)" (in Chinese). RTHK. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "第十八屆 (1995)" (in Chinese). RTHK. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
External links
[edit]- Teresa Teng Foundation 鄧麗君文教基金會
- Teresa Teng at AllMusic
- Teresa Teng discography at MusicBrainz
- Teresa Teng at IMDb