Lutos | |
---|---|
Ruto | |
Native to | Central African Republic, Chad |
Native speakers | (19,000 cited 1993–1996)[1] |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ndy |
Glottolog | luto1241 |
Lutos (Ruto) is a Central Sudanic language of CAR and Chad. Two distinctive dialects are Lutos/Ruto proper and Nduka.[2]
Phonology
[edit]Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | oral | p b | t d | k g | kp gb | |||
nasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑg | ᵑᵐgb | ||||
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||
Fricative | oral | f v | s z | h | ||||
nasal | ᵐv | ⁿz | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
Approximant | w | r, l | ɽ | j |
- /s/ can sometimes be heard as [ʃ] syllable-finally.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː ũ ũː | |
Mid-high | e ẽ | ə | o oː õ õː |
Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː | |
Low | a aː ã ãː |
Additionally, there exists the diphthong /ua/. It cannot be lengthened nor nasalised.
Lutos has three tones: high, mid, low.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Lutos at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics ed. William J. Frawley · 2003 p303 " In Central African Republic: 17,000 speakers in Nde ́le ́, Kaga Andoro, and Kabo subprefectures. Dialects are Nduka (Ndouka, Ndoukwa), Lutos (Ruto, Routo, Rito, Luto, Louto), Wada (Wad), Nduga (Ngougua), Konga."
- ^ a b c Olson, Kenneth S. (26 August 2013). A Sketch of Lutos Phonology. 43rd Colloquium on African Languages & Linguistics. Leiden.