Fairfax, Virginia | |
---|---|
![]() Fairfax's Old Town Hall in 2024 | |
Nicknames: Downtown Fairfax, Fairfax City, Historic Fairfax | |
![]() Location of Fairfax in Virginia | |
![]() Fairfax located in the Commonwealth of Virginia | |
Coordinates: 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W / 38.85250°N 77.30417°W | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
Pre-incorporation County | Fairfax County (none after incorporation – Independent city) |
Founded | 1869 |
Government | |
• Type | Council–manager government |
• Mayor | Catherine S. Read (I) |
Area | |
• Total | 6.27 sq mi (16.25 km2) |
• Land | 6.24 sq mi (16.16 km2) |
• Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2) |
Elevation | 312 ft (95 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 24,146 |
• Density | 3,900/sq mi (1,500/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
ZIP Codes | 22030–22033 |
Area codes | 703, 571 |
FIPS code | 51-26496[2] |
GNIS feature ID | 1498476[3] |
Website | www |
Fairfax, Virginia (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks), formally the City of Fairfax, and colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, FFX, and Fairfax, is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia, in the United States.[4] As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.[5]
Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by Washington Metro's Orange Line through its Vienna station, which is a mile northeast of Fairfax. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax, and Virginia Railway Express's Burke Centre station is located three miles southeast of Fairfax.
George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.[6]
History
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Fairfax_court_house_during_the_Civil_War.jpg/220px-Fairfax_court_house_during_the_Civil_War.jpg)
Fairfax was founded on land originally occupied by the Iroquoian Native American tribe.[7] The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was awarded 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km2) of land in northern Virginia by King Charles.[8] The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region.[9] The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805.[10]
19th century
[edit]On June 1, 1861, the first land battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Fairfax Court House, was fought in Fairfax after a Union Army scouting party clashed with the local militia; the outcome was indecisive with neither side gaining advantage. A second battle took place in Fairfax two years later, on June 27, 1863, in which Union troops were defeated, which delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Robert E. Lee at the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, the Civil War's bloodiest battle, which began several days later.[11]
In 1859, Fairfax was renamed the "Town of Fairfax".[10] It was incorporated as a town in 1874.[10] It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order.[10] Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat.[12]
20th century
[edit]In 1904, a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C.[13]
Architecture
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Piney_Branch_Water_Mill%2C_1212_Pope%27s_Head_Road%2C_Fairfax%2C_Fairfax_City%2C_VA_HABS_VA%2C30-FAIRF%2C1-_%28sheet_5_of_5%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Piney_Branch_Water_Mill%2C_1212_Pope%27s_Head_Road%2C_Fairfax%2C_Fairfax_City%2C_VA_HABS_VA%2C30-FAIRF%2C1-_%28sheet_5_of_5%29.tif.jpg)
The former Fairfax County Courthouse is the oldest historic building in Fairfax. The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tysons Corner, and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road.[14] It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse.[15]
In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria, which offered to build the new courthouse at their own expense. The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tysons Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123. The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, D.C. The General Assembly specified that the new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is present-day Main Street and Ox Road at Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe.[16] The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the American Civil War. The first Confederate officer battle casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on the grounds of the courthouse.[17] The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800.[18]: 45
The oldest two-story building in Fairfax, the Fairfax Public School[a] was built in 1873 for $2,750.[19] In addition to elementary school use, the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training.[20][21]: 144
On July 4, 1992, the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center.[21]: 156–157 Joseph Edward Willard built the town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902.[22]
The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League.[23]
Sites on the National Register of Historic Places
[edit]Site | Built | Address | Listed |
---|---|---|---|
29 Diner[b] | 1947 | 10536 Fairfax Boulevard | 1992 |
Blenheim | 1859 | 3610 Blenheim Blvd. | 2001 |
City of Fairfax Historic District | 1800 | Junction of VA 236 and VA 123 | 1987 |
Old Fairfax County Courthouse[c] | 1800 | 4000 Chain Bridge Road | 1974 |
Old Fairfax County Jail[c] | 1891 | 10475 Main Street | 1981 |
Fairfax Public School[a] | 1873 | 10209 Main Street | 1992 |
Ratcliffe-Allison House | 1812 | 10386 Main Street | 1973 |
Geography
[edit]Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County, at 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W / 38.85250°N 77.30417°W (38.852612, −77.304377). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km2), of which all but 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) is land.[24]
While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail, and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city.[25][26][27] Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the Fairfax.[28]
Demographics
[edit]Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 376 | — | |
1890 | 376 | 0.0% | |
1900 | 373 | −0.8% | |
1910 | 413 | 10.7% | |
1920 | 516 | 24.9% | |
1930 | 640 | 24.0% | |
1940 | 979 | 53.0% | |
1950 | 1,946 | 98.8% | |
1960 | 13,585 | 598.1% | |
1970 | 21,970 | 61.7% | |
1980 | 20,537 | −6.5% | |
1990 | 19,622 | −4.5% | |
2000 | 21,498 | 9.6% | |
2010 | 22,565 | 5.0% | |
2020 | 24,146 | 7.0% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[29] 1790–1960[30] 1900–1990[31] 1990–2000[32] 2010[33] 2020[34] |
2020 census
[edit]Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010[33] | Pop 2020[34] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH) | 13,849 | 12,911 | 61.37% | 53.47% |
Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,030 | 1,052 | 4.56% | 4.36% |
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 62 | 44 | 0.27% | 0.18% |
Asian alone (NH) | 3,403 | 4,519 | 15.08% | 18.72% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 11 | 9 | 0.05% | 0.04% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 48 | 204 | 0.21% | 0.84% |
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 606 | 1,129 | 2.69% | 4.68% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3,556 | 4,278 | 15.76% | 17.72% |
Total | 22,565 | 24,146 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Economy
[edit]Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005.[35] The redevelopment added a new Fairfax Regional Library, more than 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2) of retail and restaurant space, more than 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units.[36]
In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by Forbes Magazine.[37] Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and a rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide. According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession. When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling the void."
Top employers
[edit]According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[38] the top employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | City of Fairfax | 250-499 |
2 | Zeta Associates[d] | 250-499 |
3 | Ted Britt Ford | 250-499 |
4 | Tradesource | 250-499 |
5 | Community Systems | 100-249 |
6 | Sentry Force | 100-249 |
7 | Premium Home Health Care | 100-249 |
8 | Home Depot | 100-249 |
9 | Nova Home Health Care LLC | 100-249 |
10 | NAB Home Care | 100-249 |
Annual events
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Clifton_Horse_Society.jpg/220px-Clifton_Horse_Society.jpg)
- Chocolate Lovers Festival
- The annual Chocolate Lover's Festival is held in the heart of Old Town Fairfax during the first full weekend in February. Events have included craft shows, historic building open houses, children's activities, collections of vendors selling various edible chocolate products, and even chocolate sculpture contests.[40]
- Fairfax Civil War Day
- Every year, during the Spring, a Civil War re-enactment camp is held at the Blenheim estate, a city-owned historical property. The encampment features cultural information about Civil War-era people and practices, military muster, drill, and a firing demonstration.[41]
- Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts
- Each April, Fairfax, in cooperation with George Mason University, Northern Virginia Community College, and Fairfax schools, sponsors the Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts Festival. The festival runs for three weeks and features music, dance, theater, art and choral concerts. Events take place at venues throughout the city and the colleges.[42]
- National Trails Day
- In June, a National Trails Day is held to celebrate the trails, open spaces and parks in the Fairfax.[43]
- Independence Day Celebration Parade and Evening Show
- The largest hometown parade and fireworks celebration in the Washington metropolitan region is held in the Fairfax. The day's events include a parade through Old Town Fairfax, tours of historic buildings and local museums, an Old-Fashioned Fireman's Day at the Fire Station #3, and a live concert and fireworks display at Fairfax High School.[44]
- Irish Festival
- In September, a festival of Irish and Celtic song, dance and music is held in and around Old Town Fairfax.[45]
- Fall for the Book Festival
- Each fall, the Fall for the Book Festival features readings, discussions, lectures and exhibits from nationally recognized writers and professionals. Festival events are held in the Fairfax at George Mason University and throughout the Washington metropolitan area. Two community reading programs coordinate with Fall for the Book: "All Fairfax Reads," coordinated by the Fairfax County Public Library, and "Mason Reads" at George Mason University.[46]
- Fall Festival
- A Fall Festival is held in historic Old Town Fairfax on the second Saturday in October. This event includes more than 500 arts, crafts, and food vendors, and is usually held outdoors on the streets of the city. Attendance is about 35,000 to 45,000.[47]
- The Holiday Craft Show
- An annual Holiday Craft Show is held at Fairfax High School on the third Saturday and Sunday of November. The event features hundreds of craft vendors. Attendance is about 8,000 to 10,000.[48]
- Festival of Lights & Carols
- On the first Saturday in December, the city holds a Festival of Lights and Carols. Activities include photos with Santa, caroling, a yule log, hot mulled cider, illumination of Old Town Fairfax, and the lighting of the city Christmas tree.[49]
Local government and politics
[edit]As an independent city of Virginia, rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly. In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend the charter. The present charter was granted in 1966.[10] An exclave of Fairfax County is located within Fairfax.[26][27]
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 4,007 | 29.72% | 9,174 | 68.04% | 302 | 2.24% |
2016 | 3,702 | 30.78% | 7,367 | 61.25% | 959 | 7.97% |
2012 | 4,775 | 41.06% | 6,651 | 57.19% | 203 | 1.75% |
2008 | 4,691 | 41.16% | 6,575 | 57.69% | 132 | 1.16% |
2004 | 5,045 | 47.84% | 5,395 | 51.16% | 106 | 1.01% |
2000 | 4,762 | 49.83% | 4,361 | 45.64% | 433 | 4.53% |
1996 | 4,319 | 49.39% | 3,909 | 44.70% | 517 | 5.91% |
1992 | 4,333 | 44.70% | 3,884 | 40.07% | 1,476 | 15.23% |
1988 | 5,576 | 61.27% | 3,430 | 37.69% | 95 | 1.04% |
1984 | 6,234 | 65.36% | 3,263 | 34.21% | 41 | 0.43% |
1980 | 4,475 | 55.91% | 2,614 | 32.66% | 915 | 11.43% |
1976 | 4,174 | 53.36% | 3,464 | 44.28% | 185 | 2.36% |
1972 | 5,063 | 67.73% | 2,274 | 30.42% | 138 | 1.85% |
1968 | 2,963 | 48.70% | 2,153 | 35.39% | 968 | 15.91% |
1964 | 1,924 | 40.37% | 2,835 | 59.48% | 7 | 0.15% |
Elected officials
[edit]In November on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor, six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members to serve two-year terms. These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits.[10] City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of the Revenue for four-year terms. Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city and Fairfax County voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term). State elected officials who represent Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District). Starting with the 2023 election, the city will lie within the 37th Virginia Senate district and the 11th House of Delegates district. Federal elected officials who represent the Fairfax include the U.S. President, U.S. Vice President, two U.S. Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S. Representative, 11th District (two-year term).
Mayor arrested for distribution of methamphetamine
[edit]On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne was arrested in a sting operation conducted by the Fairfax County Police Department. After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men."[51] The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine. At the meeting in Tysons, detectives performed the exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men. He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia.[51] He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council.[52]
Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine for sex, and he was not tried for any sexual crimes.[53]
Education
[edit]Primary and secondary schools
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fairfax_High_School.jpg/220px-Fairfax_High_School.jpg)
The school district for the city is Fairfax City Public Schools.[54] The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County. This arrangement began to be in place in 1961.[55] Fairfax schools include Fairfax High School, Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy.[56]
Schools within the city that are not owned by the city government include the Boyd School,[e] Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center,[f] Lee Highway KinderCare,[g] Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center,[h] Paul VI Catholic High School (moved in 2020-2021),[i] The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center,[j] Saint Leo The Great School,[k] Trinity Christian School, and Truro Preschool and Kindergarten.[l][57]
Colleges and universities
[edit]George Mason University, the largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia, is located just south of Fairfax's city limits.[58] The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The university was founded in 1949, and was initially an extension of the University of Virginia named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia.[59] Nine years after its founding, in 1958, te Town of Fairfax purchased 150 acres (0.61 km2) for the university, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city. In 1972, following several name changes, the institution became George Mason University.[60] The university is most known for its programs in economics, law, creative writing, computer science, and business.[61] George Mason University faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics. George Mason University economics professors James M. Buchanan and Vernon L. Smith won it in 1986 and 2002, respectively.[62]
Public libraries
[edit]Fairfax County Public Library operates the Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax. The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy.[63]
Infrastructure
[edit]Roads
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016-10-26_13_03_36_View_west_along_U.S._Route_50_and_north_along_Virginia_State_Route_237_%28Fairfax_Boulevard%29_between_Pickett_Road_and_U.S._Route_29_%28Lee_Highway%29_in_Fairfax%2C_Virginia.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg)
The intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city. The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) through the city before separating. State Route 123, State Route 236 and State Route 237 pass through the city. SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed. Interstate 66 passes just outside the city limits and is the major highway serving the Fairfax region. Connections to I-66 from the city can be made via U.S. Route 50 and State Route 123.
Public transportation
[edit]Rail
[edit]![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Northeast_Regional_at_Burke_Centre_station%2C_August_2010.jpg/220px-Northeast_Regional_at_Burke_Centre_station%2C_August_2010.jpg)
Although these stations are located outside city limits, trips to and from Fairfax are served by:
Bus
[edit]- Fairfax operates the CUE Bus, an independent bus network.
- Multiple routes of the Washington Metrobus and the Fairfax Connector Route 306 serve Fairfax.[64]
E-scooters and dock less mobility
[edit]- In February 2019, the city has launched a one-year pilot program for e-scooters and other dockless transportation.[65] Three micro-mobility companies have been chosen to run the pilot, Bird company,[66] Lime, and Spin.
Notable people
[edit]- Bobby, rapper, iKon[67]
- Sam Champion, Good Morning America weather anchor and ABC News weather editor[68]
- Serena Deeb, former WWE professional wrestler[69]
- Lewis J. Fields, U.S. Marine Corps lieutenant general[70]
- Victor Gold, journalist and political consultant[71]
- Christina Hendricks, actress and former model[72]
- Joseph R. Jelinek, U.S. Army brigadier general and Army National Guard deputy director general[73]
- Courtney Jines, actress[74]
- Lamar Johnstone, silent film actor and director[75]: 182
- Brian Kendrick, WWE wrestler[76]
- Sabrina Lloyd, actress, Sliders and Sports Night[74]
- Jay Matternes, paleoartist[77]: 69
- TobyMac, Christian singer and songwriter[74]
- Joey Mercury, former WWE professional wrestler[78]
- Meteos, League of Legends player for Cloud9 and Phoenix1[79]
- Lorenzo Odone, subject of the 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil[80]
- Jeremy Olander, Swedish DJ and electronic music producer
- Walter Tansill Oliver, former mayor of Fairfax, Virginia state delegate, and Virginia state senator[81]
- Park Yu-hwan, actor and brother of Yoochun[82]
- Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia
- Prince Philip of Yugoslavia
- Aldric Saucier, scientist and whistleblower[83][84]
- Michael Schwimer, professional baseball player, Philadelphia Phillies[85]
- Nathan Sonenshein, U.S. Navy rear admiral[86]: 1228
- Frank Stephens, disability advocate, actor, and athlete[87]
- Victoria Stiles, makeup artist[88]
- Jason Sudeikis, actor, comedian, and Saturday Night Live cast member[89]
- Pierre J. Thuot, Space Shuttle astronaut, Atlantis, Endeavour, and Columbia[90]
- Matt Tifft, NASCAR race car driver
- Jarvis Varnado, former professional basketball player, Boston Celtics, Chicago Bulls, Miami Heat, and Philadelphia 76ers
- Park Yoo-chun, actor and pop band member, JYJ and TVXQ[82]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c was Old Fairfax Elementary School Annex, now the Fairfax Visitor Center and Museum
- ^ Tastee 29 Diner
- ^ a b Within the county exclave within the city.
- ^ now a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin[39]
- ^ Montessori School
- ^ Special Education School
- ^ Daycare / Preschool
- ^ Special Education School
- ^ Roman Catholic
- ^ Christian
- ^ Roman Catholic
- ^ Daycare / Preschool
References
[edit]- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Old Town Fairfax Feels the 'Love'". NBCUniversal. WRC-TV. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
- ^ "Fairfax city, Fairfax city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "George Mason University Key Facts For 2017" (PDF). Office of Government & Community Relations, George Mason University. December 20, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
- ^ "Native American Land Claims in Virginia". www.virginiaplaces.org.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 123.
- ^ "The Fairfax Story". Historic Fairfax City. 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "Fairfax, City of". Legislative Information System. Commonwealth of Virginia. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Battle of Fairfax Court House June 1861 and June 1863: Poland, Charles P. Jr. (2006). The Glories Of War: Small Battle And Early Heroes Of 1861. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4184-5973-4.: 27Hartley, Chris J. (2011). Stuart's Tarheels: James B. Gordon and His North Carolina Cavalry in the Civil War. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6364-0.: 123
- ^ History of the City of Fairfax, Virginia Archived May 5, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ "Washington, Arlington and Falls Church Ry (advertisement)". Industrial and Historical Sketch of Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. 1907. p. 88. Retrieved February 2, 2014. At Google Books.
- ^ "History". viennava.gov. Town of Vienna, VA. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
- ^ "A Look Back at Braddock District History". Archived from the original on October 5, 2011.
- ^ HFCI31.pmd Archived November 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) .
- ^ History of the Courthouse – Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfaxcounty.gov (November 26, 2008).
- ^ Netherton, Nan (January 1, 1978). Fairfax County, Virginia: A History. Fairfax County Board of Supervisors.
- ^ "Fairfax Museum and Visitors Center". City of Fairfax. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ Susan E. Smead (February 1992). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Fairfax Public School" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017. and Accompanying photo Archived April 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Netherton, Nan; et al. (1997). Fairfax, Virginia: A City Traveling Through Time. Fairfax, VA: Fairfax, VA: History of the City of Fairfax Round Table. ISBN 0-914927-26-4.
- ^ "Old Town Hall". City of Fairfax. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "City of Fairfax, Commission on the Arts". City of Fairfax. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Fairfax city, Virginia". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved October 20, 2016.[dead link]
- ^ "Map LU-1 Existing Land Use[permanent dead link]." City of Fairfax. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
- ^ a b "Fairfax city, Virginia Archived December 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
- ^ a b "Fairfax County General District Court Archived March 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Fairfax County. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
- ^ "Facilities & Locations Archived March 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Fairfax County. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Fairfax city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Fairfax city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ Old Town Fairfax Redevelopment Project Timeline Archived October 17, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ Old Town Village Redevelopment Archived April 9, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ "In Depth: America's Top 25 Towns To Live Well 3. Fairfax, Va". Forbes (May 22, 2002).
- ^ "City of Fairfax, VA: Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR)". www.fairfaxva.gov. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
- ^ "Lockheed Martin Completes Acquisition of Zeta Associates". www.lockheedmartin.com.
- ^ About The Chocolate Lover's Festival. Chocolatefestival.net.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events, Civil War Weekend Archived May 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov (May 5, 2012).
- ^ Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts Archived November 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxspotlight.org.
- ^ "City of Fairfax Trails Day - June 2, 2007". www.fairfaxtrailsday.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events, Independence Day Celebration Archived April 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events Archived October 12, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ "Front Page". Fall for the Book Festival.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events, Fall Festival Archived October 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events, Holiday Craft Show Archived August 21, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ City of Fairfax – Special Events Archived April 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Fairfaxva.gov.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ a b "Three Arrested for Distribution of Methamphetamine". Fairfax County Police Department Public Affairs Bureau. Fairfax County Police Department. August 5, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Olivo, Antonio (August 8, 2016). "Fairfax Mayor Scott Silverthorne to resign after sex-for-drugs arrest". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Gremore, Graham (July 2, 2017). "Scott Silverthorne talks about his 'meth-for-sex' scandal, addiction, & everything the media got wrong". Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Fairfax city, VA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2022. - Text list
- ^ "School Services Agreement with FCPS". City of Fairfax Schools. September 1, 2013. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - The City of Fairfax Schools is linked from this Fairfax City page. - ^ "City of Fairfax Schools". City of Fairfax. Archived from the original on November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
- ^ 22030 (Fairfax, VA) Private Schools | PrivateSchoolReview.com. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.privateschoolreview.com/virginia/fairfax/22030 Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Map of City of Fairfax". Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ UVA: Mann, C. Harrison (1832–1979). C. Harrison Mann, Jr. papers. Arlington County, Virginia: George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center. Retrieved February 23, 2017.Finley, John Norville Gibson (July 1, 1952). Progress Report of the Northern Virginia University Center (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2017.
"The report that follows is a progress report on the Northern Virginia University Center since its beginnings in 1949 by its Local Director, Professor J. N. G. Finley." George B. Zehmer, Director Extension Division University of Virginia
- ^ GMU: Virginia Advisory Legislative Council (August 15, 1955). The Crisis in Higher Education in Virginia and a Solution. Richmond: Virginia General Assembly. p. 13. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.Netherton, Nan (January 1, 1978). Fairfax County, Virginia: A History. Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. ISBN 978-0-9601630-1-4.: 588
- ^ * "America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Law Schools". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- "Rankings: Political Economy". EconPhD.net. Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- Teles, Steven Michael (2008). The rise of the conservative legal movement. p. 182.
- Vault Editors (2006). The Law School Buzz Book. p. 458.
- 2010 MFA Rankings: The Top Fifty | Poets & Writers. Pw.org. Retrieved on March 11, 2011.
- ^ Another Nobel Laureate Walter E. Williams, GMU, Department of Economics, October 14, 2002
- ^ Library Branches Fairfax County Public Library. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.
- ^ Route 306. GMU – Pentagon
- ^ "News | City of Fairfax, VA". www.fairfaxva.gov. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ Times, Angela Woolsey/Fairfax County (July 12, 2019). "Electric scooters coast into Fairfax City". Fairfax County Times. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ "iKON's Bobby's wish comes true with his family moving to Korea". allkpop. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
- ^ "Sam Champion's Biography". ABC. August 22, 2016.
- ^ Wood, Darren. "Serena Deeb". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "GEN. Lewis J. Fields DIES". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Posts Websites. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "Obituary". The Washington Post. June 7, 2017.
- ^ Kelly, John (September 23, 2014). "Christina Hendricks hated Fairfax High. Today's students say she wouldn't now". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ "Joseph R. Jelinek, Former Deputy Of National Guard". The Washington Post. May 16, 1978. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
- ^ a b c Reed, Sharon (November 18, 2015). "8 Notable Entertainers from Fairfax". Fairfax City Patch. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
- ^ Katchmer, George A. (May 8, 2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Silent Film Western Actors and Actresses. McFarland. p. 488.
- ^ Milner, John M. (March 12, 2006). "SLAM! Sports – Wrestling – Brian Kendrick". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Speth, John D. (September 8, 2010). The Paleoanthropology and Archaeology of Big-Game Hunting: Protein, Fat, or Politics?. Springer. p. 233.
- ^ Milner, John M. "Joey Mercury". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Cloud9". eSportgeek. Archived from the original on March 28, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (August 30, 2008). Beating the Odds: A Teen Guide to 75 Superstars Who Overcame Adversity. ABC-CLIO. p. 368.
- ^ University of Virginia; its history, influence, equipment and characteristics, with biographical sketches and portraits of founders, benefactors, officers and alumni. Vol. 2. Lewis Publishing Company. 1904. pp. 324–325. Retrieved April 18, 2023 – via Archive.org.
- ^ a b Kang, Cecilia (November 26, 2006). "Riding the Seoul Train". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
- ^ "Aldric Saucier". Bangor Daily News. December 12, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ "Aldric Saucier Obituary". Fairfax Memorial Funeral Home. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ "Michael Schwimer Biography". VirginiaSports.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government of the Joint Economic Committee Congress of the United States Ninety-second Congress First Session and Second Session (PDF) (Part 5 ed.). Joint Economic Committee. September 28, 1971.
- ^ "Frank Stephens" (PDF). United States House of Representatives. October 25, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
- ^ "Victoria Stiles". IMDb.
- ^ "Jason Sudeikis". TVGuide.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
- ^ "Biographical Data". Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Houston, Texas: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. February 11, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2017.