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2nd millennium |
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Timelines |
State leaders |
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Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments |
This is a list of state leaders in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within South Asia.
These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 16th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
Africa
[edit]Africa: Central
[edit]Angola
- Kulembe, King (1560s)
- Kinguri, King (1560s)
- Kilukeni dynasty
- João I, Manikongo (1470–1509)
- Afonso I, Manikongo (1509–c.1542)
- Pedro I, Manikongo (c.1543–1545)
- Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi, Manikongo (1545–1561)
- Afonso II, Manikongo (1561)
- Bernardo I, Manikongo (1561–1567)
- Henrique I, Manikongo (1567–1568)
- Kambolo Matamba, King (fl.1590s)
- Colony, 1575–1951
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Cameroon
- Bafut (complete list) –
- Feurlu, King (1516–1552)
- Nebasi Suh, King (1552–1570)
- Ambebi Ferh, King (1570–1635)
Chad
- Birni Besse, Mbangi (1522–1536)
- Lubatko, Mbangi (1536–1548)
- Malo, Mbangi (1548–1568)
- ‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- Lushanjela Shanga, Nyim (16th century)
- Bo Shanga, Nyim (16th century)
- Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600)
- Nkonda Matit, Mwaantaangaand (late 16th century)
Congo, Republic of the
- Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century)
São Tomé and Príncipe
- Colony, 1470–1951
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Africa: East
[edit]Great Lakes area
- Burundi
- Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550)
- Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580)
- Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600)
- Rwanda
- Ndahiro II Cyamatare, Mwami (1477–1510)
- Ruganzu II Ndoli, Mwami (1510–early 16th century)
- Karemera Rwaka, Mwami (16th century)
- Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi, Mwami (16th century)
- Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, King (1576–1609)
- South Sudan
- Nyikang, Rädh (c.1490–1517)
- Odaagø Ocøllø, Rädh (c.1600–1635)
- Uganda
- Buganda (complete list) –
Horn of Africa area
- Eritrea
- Yeshaq, Bahr Negus (?–1578)
- Ethiopia
- Na'od, Emperor (1494–1508)
- Dawit II, Emperor (1508–1540)
- Gelawdewos, Emperor (1540–1559)
- Menas, Emperor (1559–1563)
- Sarsa Dengel, Emperor (1563–1597)
- Yaqob, Emperor (1597–1603, 1604–1606)
- Kaba Seyon, Hinnare-tato (c.1450–1530)
- Sepenihi, Hinnare-tato (mid 16th century)
- La'ashonhi, Hinnare-tato (c.1570–1580)
- Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603)
- Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600)
- Sadi, King (1495–1530)
- Madi Gafine/Gafo, King (1530–1565)
- Bong-he, King (1565–1605)
- Somalia
- Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din, Sultan (1488–1518)
- Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1525–1526)
- Umar Din, Sultan (1526–1553)
- Ali ibn Umar Din, Sultan (1553–1555)
- Barakat ibn Umar Din, Sultan (1555–1559)
- Garad Ali Dable, Sultan (1491–1503)
- Garad Liban, Sultan (1503–1525)
- Garad Yuusuf, Sultan (1525–1555)
- Garad Mohamud III, Sultan (1555–1585)
- Garad Abdale, Sultan (1585–1612)
Madagascar
- Rangita, Queen (1520–1530)
- Rafohy, Queen (1530–1540)
- Andriamanelo, King (1540–1575)
- Ralambo, King (1575–1612)
Africa: Northcentral
[edit]Ifriqiya
- Muhammad IV, Khalif (1494–1526)
- Muhammad V, Khalif (1526–1543)
- Ahmad III, Khalif (1543–1570)
- Muhammad VI, Khalif (1574–1574)
- Jafari "Jafari the Clean" Yahya, Khalif (1574–1581)
- Alem Nafirr, Khalif (1581)
Africa: Northeast
[edit]Egypt
- Abbasid Caliphate, Cairo (complete list) –
- al-Mustamsik, Caliph (1497–1508, 1516–1517)
- al-Mutawakkil III, Caliph (1508–1516, 1517)
- Al-Ashraf Janbalat, Sultan (1500–1501)
- Tuman bay I, Sultan (1501)
- Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, Sultan (1501–1516)
- Tuman bay II, Sultan (1516–1517)
Sudan
- Amara Dunqas, Sultan (1503–1533/4)[6][7]
- Nayil, Sultan (1533/4–1550/1)
- Abd al-Qadir I, Sultan (1550/1–1557/8)
- Abu Sakikin, Sultan (1557/8–1568)
- Dakin, Sultan (1568–1585/6)
- Dawra, Sultan (1585/6–1587/8)
- Tayyib, Sultan (1587/8–1591)
- Unsa I, Sultan (1591–1603/4)
Africa: Northwest
[edit]Morocco
- Wattasid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –
- Muhammad ibn Yahya, Sultan (1472–1505)
- Muhammad ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1505–1524)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1524–1545, 1545–1547)
- Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Sultan (1545–1547)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1524–1545, 1545–1547)
- Saadi dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –
- Muhammad ash-Sheikh, Sultan (1549–1554, 1554–1557)
- Abdallah al-Ghalib, Sultan (1557–1574)
- Muhammad al-Mutawakkil, Sultan (1574–1576)
- Abd al-Malik I, Sultan (1576–1578)
- Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan (1578–1603)
Africa: South
[edit]Angola
- Kiluanji Kia Samba, Ngola (c. 1515–1556)
- as an independent state
- Ndambi, Ngola (1556–1561)
- Kiluanji kia Ndambi, Ngola (1561–1575)
- Kilombo kia Kasenda, Ngola (1575–1592)
- Mbandi a Ngola, Ngola (1592–1617)
Mozambique
- Colony, 1498–1972
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Zimbabwe
- Chikuyo Chisamarengu, Mwenemutapa (1494–c.1530)
- Neshangwe Munembire, Mwenemutapa (c.1530–c.1550)
- Chivere Nyasoro, Mwenemutapa (c.1550–1560)
- Negomo Chirisamhuru, Mwenemutapa (1560–1589)
- Gatsi Rusere, Mwenemutapa (1589–1623)
- Changamire II, King (1494–1530)
- Changamire Tumbare, King (1530–c.1660)
Africa: West
[edit]Benin
- Abomey (complete list) –
- Do-Aklin, ruler (c.1600)
Burkina Faso
- Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –
- Gima, Nunbado (1470–1520)
- Gori, Nunbado (1520–1553)
- Bogora, Nunbado (1553–1571)
- Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615)
Cape Verde
- Colony, 1462–1951
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Ghana
- Agona (complete list) –
- Mumunumfi, Agonahene (1588–1620)
Guinea-Bissau
- Kaabu –
- Sama Koli, ruler (1537–?)
- Colony, 1474–1951
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Mali
- Mahmud III, Mansa (1496–1559)
- Mahmud IV, Mansa (1590s–1600s)
- Askia Mohammad I, King (1493–1529)
- Askia Musa, King (1529–1531)
- Askia Mohammad Benkan, King (1531–1537)
- Askia Isma'il, King (1537–1539)
- Askia Ishaq I, King (1539–1549)
- Askia Daoud, King (1549–1582/83)[9]
- Askia Al-Hajj, King (1582–1586)
- Askiya Muhammed Bani, son of Askiya Dawud, King (1586–1588)
- Askia Ishaq II, King (1588–1592)[10]
Niger
- Muhammad Gao, Askiya (1592)
- Nuh I, Askiya (c.1592–1599)[11]
- al-Mustafa, Askiya (c.1600)
Nigeria
- Idris Katakarmabe, Mai (1487–1509)[12]
- Muhammad V Aminami, Mai (1509–1538)
- Ali II of Bornu, Mai (1538–1539)
- Dunama V Ngumarsmma, Mai (1539–1557)
- Dala, Mai (1557–1564)
- Idris Alooma, Mai (1564–1596)[13]
- Muhammed VI Bukalmarami, Mai (1596–1612)
- Abdullahi dan Rumfa, Sultan (1499–1509)
- Muhammad Kisoki, Sultan (1509–1565)
- Yakubu, Sultan (1565)
- Abu-Bakr Kado, Sultan (1565–1573)
- Muhammad Shashere, Sultan (1573–1582)
- Muhammad Zaki, Sultan (1582–1618)
- Eze Nri Anyamata, King (1465–1511)
- Eze Nri Fenenu, King (1512–1582)
- Eze Nri Agụ, King (1583–1676)
Senegal
- Bukaar Biye-Sungule, Buur-ba (1492–1527)
- Birayma Dyeme-Kumba, Buur-ba (1527–1543)
- Leele Fuli Fak, Buur-ba (1543–1549)
- al-Buri Penda, Buur-ba (1549–1566)
- Lat-Samba, Buur-ba (1566–1597)
- Gireun Buri Dyelen, Buur-ba (1597–1605)
- Cayor (complete list) –
- Detie Fu Ndiogu, ruler (1549–?)
- Saloum (complete list) –
Americas
[edit]Americas: North
[edit]Canada
- French colony, 1535–1763
- For details see France under western Europe
Mexico
- Tenochtitlan of the Aztec Empire (complete list) –
- Ahuitzotl, 8th Hueyi Tlatoani (1486–1502)[15]
- Moctezuma II Xocoyotzin, 9th Hueyi Tlatoani (1502–1520)[15]
- Cuitalahuac II, 10th Hueyi Tlatoani (1520)[15]
- Cuauhtémoc, 11th Hueyi Tlatoani (1520–1521)[15]
- Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin, Cihuacoatl (1525–1526)[16]
- Andrés de Tapia Motelchiuh, Cuauhtlato (1525–1530)[17]
- Pablo Xochiquentzin, Cuauhtlato (1530–1536)[17]
- Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin, Tlatoani (1538–1541)[17]
- Diego de San Francisco Tehuetzquititzin, Tlatoani (1541–1554)[17]
- Zuangua, Cazonci (1479–1520)
- Tangáxuan II, Cazonci (1520–1530)
-
- Maxixcatl, Tlatoani (?–1520)
- Tizatlan –
- Xicotencatl I, Tlatoani (1425–1522)
- Xicotencatl II, Tlacochcalcatl, de facto ruler (?–1521)
-
- Cosijopii I, King (1529–1563)[20]
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (complete list) –
- Spanish Colony, 1521–1821
- For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Americas: South
[edit]Brazil
- Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808
- For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Chile
- Spanish Colony, 1541–1818
- For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Colombia
- Zaque (complete list) –
- Quemuenchatocha, Zaque (1490–1537)
- Aquiminzaque, Zaque (1537–1540)
- Zipa (complete list) –
- Nemequene, Zipa (1490–1514)
- Tisquesusa, Zipa (1514–1537)
- Sagipa, Zipa (1537–1539)
Peru
- Huayna Capac, Emperor (1493–1525)
- Huascar, Emperor (1493–1525)
- Huayna Capac, Emperor (1525–1532)
- Atahualpa, Emperor (1532–1533)
- Manco Inca Yupanqui, Emperor (1535–1544)
- Sayri Túpac, Emperor (1544–1558)
- Titu Cusi, Emperor (1558–1571)
- Túpac Amaru, Emperor (1571–1572)
- Spanish Colony, 1542–1824
- For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Asia
[edit]Asia: Central
[edit]Kazakhstan
- Moghulistan, (complete list) –
- Ahmad Alaq, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1487–1503)
- Mahmud, Khan of Western Moghulistan (1487–1508)
- Mansur, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1503–1508), of All Moghulistan (1508–1514), of Eastern Moghulistan (1514–1548)
- Shah, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1543–1560)
- Muhammad ibn Mansur, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1570)
- Šamba, Khan (1492–1493, 1497–1505)
- Beyazıt, Khan (1505–1513)
Russia
- Shayk Ahmad, Khan (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Abalak of Sibir, Khan (1496–1501)
- Muhammad Taibuga, Khan (1495–1502)
- Aguish, Khan (1502–1503)
- Kuluk Sultan, Khan (1502–1530)
- Qasim, Khan (1504–1530)
- Yadgar bin Qasim, Khan (1530–1563)
- Kuchum, Khan (1563–1598)
Tajikistan
- Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) –
- Said, Khan (1514–1533)
- Abdurashid, Khan (1533–1560)
- Abdul Karim, Khan (1560–1591)
- Muhammad, Khan (1591–1610)
Tibet
- sTod tsha 'Phags pa lha, King (c.1485–post-1499)
- Shakya 'od, King (early 16th century)
- Jig rten dBang phyug Pad kar lde, King (fl.1537–1555)
- Ngag gi dBang phyug, King (16th century)
- Nam mkha dBang phyug, King (16th century)
- Khri Nyi ma dBang phyug, King (late 16th century)
- Khri Grags pa'i dBang phyug, King (c.1600)
- Ngawang Tashi Drakpa, Monarch (1499–1554)
- Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1554–1556/1557)
- Ngawang Tashi Drakpa, Monarch (1556/57–1564)
- Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1576–1603/1604)
- Donyo Dorje, Monarch (c.1479–1512)
- Ngawang Namgyal, Monarch (1512–1544)
- Dondup Tseten Dorje, Monarch (1544–?)
- Ngawang Jigme Drakpa, Monarch (?–1565)
- Karma Tseten, Monarch (1565–1599)
- Khunpang Lhawang Dorje, Monarch (c.1582–1605/1606)
- Karma Thutob Namgyal, Monarch (c.1586–1610)
- Karma Tensung, Monarch (1599–1611)
Uzbekistan
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/The_Battle_between_Shah_Ismail_and_Abul-Khayr_Khan.jpg/198px-The_Battle_between_Shah_Ismail_and_Abul-Khayr_Khan.jpg)
- Muhammad Shayabani, Khan (1500–1510)
- Kochkunju Muhammad bin Abul-Khayr, Khan (1512–1531)
- Abu Sa'id bin Kochkunju, Khan (1531–1534)
- Ubaydullah, Khan (1534–1539)
- Abdullah I, Khan (1539–1540)
- Abdal-Latif bin Kochkunju, Khan (1540–1552)
- Nawruz Ahmed, Khan (1552–1556)
- Pir Muhammad I, Khan (1556–1561)
- Iskander bin Jani Beg, Khan (1561–1583)
- Abdullah II, Khan (1583–1598)
- Abdul-Mo'min bin Abdullah, Khan (1598)
- Pir Muhammad, Khan (1598–1599)
- Baqi Muhammad, Khan (1599–1605)
- Ilbars I, Khan (1511–1518)
- Sultan Haji, Khan (1518–1519)
- Hasan Quli, Khan (1519–1524)
- Sufyan, Khan (1529–1535)
- Bujugha, Khan (1524–1529)
- Avnik, Khan (1535–1538)
- Qal, Khan (1539–1549)
- Aqatay, Khan (1549–1557)
- Dust Muhammad, Khan (1557–1558)
- Haji Muhammad I, Khan (1558–1602)
Asia: East
[edit]China: Ming dynasty
Japan
- Ashikaga shogunate of Japan
-
- Go-Kashiwabara, Emperor (1500–1526)
- Go-Nara, Emperor (1526–1557)
- Ōgimachi, Emperor (1557–1586)
- Shōguns –
- Azuchi–Momoyama period Japan
- Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644
Korea
- Joseon (complete list) –
- Yeonsangun, King (1494–1506)
- Jungjong, King (1506–1544)
- Injong, King (1544–1545)
- Myeongjong, King (1545–1567)
- Seonjo, King (1567–1608)
Mongolia
- Dayan, Khan (1478–1516)
- Bars Bolud Jinong, Khan (1516–1519)
- Bodi Alagh, Khan (1519–1547)
- Daraisung Guden, Khan (1547–1557)
- Tümen Jasagtu, Khan (1557–1592)
- Buyan Sechen, Khan (1592–1603)
Asia: Southeast
[edit]Brunei
- Bolkiah, Sultan (1485–1524)
- Abdul Kahar, Sultan (1524–1530)
- Saiful Rijal, Sultan (1533–1581)
- Shah Berunai, Sultan (1581–1582)
- Muhammad Hassan, Sultan (1582–1598)
- Abdul Jalilul Akbar, Sultan (1598–1659)
Cambodia
- Thommo Reachea I, King (1476–1504)
- Srey Sukonthor, King (1504–1512)
- Sdach Korn, King (1512–1521)
- Ang Chan I, King (1516–1566)
- Barom Reachea I, King (1566–1576)
- Chey Chettha I, King (1576–1594)
- Preah Ram I, King (1594–1596)
- Preah Ram II, King (1596–1597)
- Barom Reachea II, King (1597–1599)
- Barom Reachea III, King (1599–1600)
- Ponhea Nhom, King (1600–1603)
Indonesia
- Indonesia: Java
- Sri Baduga, Maharaja (1482–1521)
- Prabu Surawisesa Jayaperkosa, Maharaja (1521–1535)
- Ratu Dewata, Maharaja (1535–1543)
- Ratu Sakti, Maharaja (1543–1551)
- Nilakendra, Maharaja (1551–1567)
- Raja Mulya, Maharaja (1567–1579)
- Prabu Udara, King (1489–1517)
- Tuban –
- Raden Arya Wilatikta, King (fl.1513)
- Kyai Arya Ngrasena, King (early 16th century)
- Kyai Arya Gegelang, King (early 16th century)
- Kyai Arya Batubang, King (mid 16th century)
- Pangeran Arya Balewot, King (mid 16th century)
- Pangeran Sekar Tanjung, King (late 16th century)
- Pangeran Ngangsar, King (late 16th century)
- Pangeran Arya Pamalad, King (fl.1587)
- Arya Salempe, King (16th/17th century)
- Raden Patah, Sultan (1475–1518)
- Pati Unus, Sultan (1518–1521)
- Trenggana, Sultan (1521–1546)
- Sunan Mukmin, Sultan (1546–1549)
- Arya Penangsang, Sultan (1549–1554)
- Giri –
- Sunan Giri, Sultan (1485–1506)
- Sunan Dalem, Sultan (1506–1545/46)
- Sunan Seda Margi, Sultan (1545/46–1548)
- Sunan Prapen, Sultan (1548–1605)
- Joko Tingkir, Sultan (c.1568–1586)
- Hadlirin, Sultan (1527–1549)
- Ratu Kalinyamat, Queen (1549–1579)
- Pangeran Arya Jepara, Raja (1579–1599)
- Kyai Sinuhun Ngampeldenta, Adipati (fl.c.1500)[26]
- Pecat Tanda Terung, Adipati (fl.c.1513)
- Pangeran Tundungmusuh, Adipati (16th century)
- Pangeran Lena, Adipati (16th century)
- Pangeran Jebuk, Adipati (16th century)
- Pangeran Wanakrama, Adipati (late 16th century)
- Panembahan Rama, Adipati (16th/17th century)
- Pangeran Surabaya, Adipati (16th/17th century)
- Bima Koncar/Minak Sumedhe, King (15th/16th century)[27]
- Menak Pentor, King (fl.1513)
- Santaguna, King (fl.c.1575)
- N.N., King (fl.1588)
- N.N., King (?–1597)
- Pasuruan –
- Menak Sepetak, King (fl.1513)[28]
- Adipati Dengkol, King (16th century)
- Maulana Hasanuddin (c.1552–1570)[29]
- Maulana Yusuf, Sultan (c.1570–1580)
- Maulana Muhammad, Sultan (c.1580–1596)
- Pangeran Ratu, Sultan (1596–1651)
- Sunan Gunungjati, Sultan (1479–1568)
- Fatahillah, General (1568–1570)
- Panembahan Ratu, Sultan (c.1570–1649)
- Ki Pragalba, Sultan (?–1531)[30]
- Raden Pratanu, Sultan (1531–1592/96)
- Raden Kara, Sultan (1592/6–1621)
- Sumenep –
- Raden Tumenggung Kanduruwan, Sultan (?–1579)[31]
- Pangeran Ellor I, Sultan (c.1579–?)
- Pangeran Wetan, Sultan (c.1600)
- Senopati, Sultan (1587–1601)
- Indonesia: Sumatra
- Adlullah, Sultan (1495–1506)
- Muhammad Syah III, Sultan (1506–1507)
- Abdullah, Sultan (1507–1509)
- Ahmad V, Sultan (1509–1514)
- Zainal Abidin IV, Sultan (1514–1517)
- Ali Mughayat Syah, Sultan (c.1514–1530)
- Salahuddin, Sultan (1530–c.1537/39)
- Alauddin al-Kahar, Sultan (c.1537/39–1571)
- Ali Ri'ayat Syah I, Sultan (1571–1579)
- Muda, Sultan (1579)
- Sri Alam, Sultan (1579)
- Zainul Abidin, Sultan (1579)
- Alauddin Mansur Syah, Sultan (1579–1585/86)
- Buyung, Sultan (1585/86–1589)
- Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal, Sultan (1589–1604)
- Panglima Dewa Shahdan, Raja (1568–1580)
- Panglima Dewa Sakti, Raja (1580–1612)
- Alauddin Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1528–1564)
- Muzaffar Shah II, Sultan (1564–1570)
- Abdul Jalil Shah I, Sultan (1570–1571)
- Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II, Sultan (1571–1597)
- Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
- Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
- Suriansyah, Sultan (1520–1546)
- Rahmatullah, Sultan (1546–1570)
- Hidayatullah I, Sultan (1570–1595)
- Mustain Billah, Sultan (1595–1638)
- Datuk Mencang (Seorang bangsawan dari Brunei), beristrikan Asung Luwan, ruler (1555–1594)
- Singa Laut, Menantu dari Datuk Mencang, ruler (1594–1618)
- Mangkubumi, Maharaja (15th/16th century)
- Tumenggung, Maharaja (?–1526)
- Timbang Paseban, Governor, Sultan (1600–1609)
- Abang Samat Semah, Prince (?)
- Abang Ismail Zubair Mail Jubairi Irawan II, Prince (?)
- Abang Suruh, Prince of Sintang, son of Abang Ismail Zubair Mail Jubairi Irawan II, Prince (?)
- Abang Tembilang Ari, Prince (?)
- Abang Pencin Pontin, Prince (c.1600–1643)
- Indonesia: Sulawesi
- Batara Gowa, King (15th/16th century)
- Pakere Tau Tunijallo ri Passukki, King (c.1510)
- Tumapa'risi', King (c.1510–1546)
- Lakiung, King (1546–1565)
- Marompa, King (1565)
- Bontolangkasa, King (late 16th century)
- Tuni Pasulu, King (c.1593)
- Alau'ddin, Sultan (1593–1639)
- Luwu –
- Risaolebbi, Datu (1465–1507)
- Dewaraja, Datu (1507–1541)
- Tosangkawana, Datu (1541–1556)
- Maoge, Datu (1556–1571)
- E Tenri Rawe’, Datu (1571–1587)
- Andi Pattiware’ Daeng Parabung, Datu (1587–1615)
- Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
- Bali Kingdom: Gelgel (complete list) –
- Dalem Ketut, King (c.1520)
- Dalem Baturenggong, King (mid 16th century)
- Dalem Bekung, King (fl.1558–1578/1630s)
- Dalem Seganing, King (c.1580–1623 or ?–1650)
- Indonesia: Maluku Islands
- Muhammad Bakir, Sultan (c.1500)[32]
- Zainal Abidin, Sultan (pre-1512–c.1557)
- Bayansirullah/ Dom João, Sultan (c.1557–1578/79)
- Dom Henrique, Sultan (1578/79–1581)
- Alauddin I, Sultan (1581–c.1609)
- Kaicil Yusuf, Sultan (fl.1514–1521)[33]
- Kaicil Firuz Alauddin, Sultan (c.1532–1536)
- Katarabumi, Sultan (1536–1552)
- Kaicili Guzarate, Sultan (1552–?)
- Jamaluddin/Ciri Leliati, Sultan (1495–1512)[34]
- Al-Mansur I, Sultan (before 1512–1526)
- Amiruddin Iskandar Dul-Karna’in, Sultan (1526–c.1560)
- Kie Mansur, Sultan (c.1560–?)
- Kaicili Bungua, Sultan (fl.1570)
- Gaua, Iskandar Sani, Sultan (pre-1582)
- Gapi Baguna, Sultan (pre-1582–1599)
- Mole Majimu, Sultan (1599–1627)
- Bayanullah, Sultan (1500–1522)[citation needed]
- Hidayatullah, Sultan (1522–1529)
- Abu Hayat, Sultan (1529–1533)
- Tabariji, Sultan (1533–1534)
- Khairun Jamil, Sultan (1535–1570)
- Babullah Datu Shah, Sultan (1570–1583)
- Said Barakat Shah, Sultan (1583–1606)
Laos
- Somphou, King (1496–1501)
- Visoun, King (1500–1520)
- Photisarath I, King (1520–1548)
- Setthathirath, King (1548–1571)
- Sen Soulintha, King (1571–1575)
- Voravongsa I, King (1575–1579)
- Sen Soulintha, King (1511–1580)
- Nakhon Noi, King (1582–1583)
- Nokeo Koumane, King (1591–1598)
- Voravongsa II, King (1598–1622)
Malaysia
- Peninsular Malaysia
- Alauddin Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1528–1564)
- Muzaffar Shah II, Sultan (1564–1570)
- Abdul Jalil Shah I, Sultan (1570–1571)
- Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II, Sultan (1571–1597)
- Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
- Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah I, Sultan (1473–1506)
- Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1506–1547)
- Mudzaffar Shah III, Sultan (1547–1602)
- Jambi dynasty
- Mansur Shah, Sultan (1467–1522)
- Gombak, Sultan (1522–1526)
- Ahmad Shah, Sultan (1526–1547)
- Mansur Shah, Sultan (1547–1561)
- Ibrahim, Sultan (1561–1565, 1570–1579)
- Umar bin Raja Ahmad, Raja (1565–1570)
- Champa dynasty
- Addil ud-din, Sultan (1579–1597, 1602–1605)
- Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan (1597–1602)
- Sultans –
- Mahmud Shah, Sultan (1488–1511, 1513–1528)
- Ahmad Shah, Sultan (1511–1513)
- Bendaharas –
- Tun Perpatih Putih, Bendahara (1498–1500)
- Tun Mutahir of Malacca, Bendahara (1500–1510)
- Paduka Tuan, Bendahara (1510–1511)
- Abdul Jamil Shah, Sultan (1495–1512)
- Mansur Shah I, Sultan (1495–1519)
- Mahmud Shah, Sultan (1519–1530)
- Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1530–1540)
- Zainal Abidin Shah, Sultan (1540–1555)
- Mansur Shah II, Sultan (1555–1560)
- Abdul Jamal Shah, Sultan (1560–1575)
- Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah, Sultan (1560–1590)
- Ahmad Shah II, Sultan (1590–1592)
- Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah, Sultan (1592–1614)
- Perak Sultanate: Malacca dynasty (complete list) –
- Muzaffar Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1528–1549)
- Mansur Shah I, Sultan (1549–1577)
- Ahmad Tajuddin Shah, Sultan (1577–1584)
- Tajul Ariffin Shah, Sultan (1584–1594)
- Alauddin Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1594–1603)
- Malaysian Borneo
- Tengah, Sultan (1599–1641)
Myanmar / Burma
- Minkhaung II, King (1480–1501)
- Thihathura II, Co-King (1485–1501)
- Shwenankyawshin, King (1501–1527)
- Thohanbwa, King (1527–1542)
- Hkonmaing, King (1542–1545)
- Mobye Narapati, King (1545–1551)
- Sithu Kyawhtin, King (1551–1555)
- Binnya Ran II, King (c.1492–1526)
- Takayutpi, King (1526–1539)
- Smim Sawhtut, King (1550)
- Smim Htaw, King (1550–1552)
- Ai Lao (艾劳), Saopha (1474–1501)
- Sao Naojiang, Saopha (1501–1503)
- Sawlon, Saopha (1500s–1533)
- Salingathu, King (1494–1502)
- Raza, King (1502–1513)
- Gazapati, King (1513–1515)
- Saw O, King (1515–1515)
- Thazata, King (1515–1521)
- Minkhaung, King (1521–1531)
- Min Bin, King (1531–1554)
- Dikkha, King (1554–1556)
- Saw Hla, King (1556–1564)
- Sekkya, King (1564–1572)
- Hpalaung, King (1572–1593)
- Razagri, King (1593–1612)
- Bayin Htwe, King (1526–1532)
- Narapati, King (1532–1539)
- Minkhaung, King (1539–1542)
- Mingyi Nyo, King (1510–1530)
- Tabinshwehti, King (1530–1550)
- Bayinnaung, King (1550–1581)
- Nanda Bayin, King (1581–1599)
- Nyaungyan Min, King (1599–1605)
Philippines
- Tondo (complete list) –
- Dayang Kalangitan, Queen (1450–c.1515)
- Sulaiman, Rajah (early 1500s)
- Ysmeria,[35] Princess (early 1500s)
- Matanda, Rajah (c.1521–1572)
- Lakandula, Lakan (c.1558–1571)
- Sulayman, Rajah (1571–1575)
- Magat Salamat, Datu (1575–1589)
- Siagu, Rajah (?–1521)
- Namayan (complete list) –
- Tagkan, Lakan (15th/16th century)
- Palaba, ruler (mid 16th century)
- Laboy, ruler (mid 16th century)
- Kalamayin, Rajah (1570s)
- Dailisan, Datu (c.1563)
- Padojinog, Datu (15th/16th century)
- Kabnayag, Datu (?–1565)
- Lubay, Datu (16th century)
- Kamal ud-Din, Sultan (1480–1505)
- Ala ud-Din, Sultan (?)
- Amir ul-Umara, Sultan (1505–1527)
- Muizz ul-Mutawadi-in, Sultan (1527–1548)
- Nasir ud-Din I, Sultan (1548–1568)
- Muhammad ul-Halim, Sultan (1568–1596)
- Batarah Shah Tengah, Sultan (1596–1608)
- Sharif Kabungsuwan, Sultan (1520–1543)
- Maka-alang Saripada, Sultan (1543–?)
- Datu Bangkaya, Sultan (?–1578)
- Dimasangcay Adel, Sultan (1578–1585)
- Gugu Sarikula, Sultan (1585–1597)
- Kapitan Laut Buisan, Sultan (1597–1619)
- Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –
- Colony, 1565–1901
- For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Thailand
- Suphannaphum dynasty
- Ramathibodi II, King (1491–1529)
- Borommarachathirat IV, King (1529–1533)
- Ratsadathirat, King (1533/34)
- Chairachathirat, King (1534–1546)
- Yotfa, King (1546–1548)
- Worawongsathirat, King (1548)
- Maha Chakkraphat, King (1548–1564, 1568–1564)
- Mahinthrathirat, Vassal King (1564–1568), King (1569)
- Sukhothai dynasty
- Mahathammarachathirat, King of Sukhothai (1548–1569), King of Ayutthaya (1569–1590)
- Naresuan, King of Sukhothai (1570–1590), King of Ayutthaya (1590–1605)
- Lan Na (complete list) –
- Mangrai dynasty
- Kaeo or Mueangkaeo, King (1495–1525)
- Ket or Muangketklao, King (1525–1538, 1543–1545)
- Saikham, King (1538–1543)
- Chiraprapha, Queen (1545–1546)
- Setthathirat, King (1546–1547)
- Mekuti, King (1551–1558)
- Burmese rule
- Mekuti, independent King (1551–1558), King (1558–1564)
- Wisutthithewi, King (1565–1578)
- Nawrahta Minsaw, King (1579–1607/08)
- Pattani Kingdom: Inland dynasty (complete list) –
- Intera / Phaya Tu Nakpa / Sultan Ismail Shah, Raja (?–c.1530)
- Mudhaffar Shah, Sultan (c.1530–1564)
- Manzur Shah, Sultan (1564–1572)
- Patik Siam, Sultan (1572–1573)
- Bahdur, Sultan (1573–1584)
- Ratu Hijau, Queen (1584–1616)
Vietnam
- Đại Việt: Later Lê dynasty (complete list) –
- Lê Hiến Tông, Emperor (1497–1504)
- Lê Túc Tông, Emperor (1504–1504)
- Lê Uy Mục, Emperor (1505–1509)
- Lê Tương Dực, Emperor (1510–1516)
- Lê Quang Trị, Emperor (1516–1516)
- Lê Chiêu Tông, Emperor (1516–1522)
- Lê Bảng, Emperor (1518–1519)
- Lê Do, Emperor (1519–1519)
- Lê Cung Hoàng, Emperor (1522–1527)
- Mạc Thái Tổ, Emperor (1527–1529)
- Mạc Thái Tông, Emperor (1530–1540)
- Mạc Hiến Tông, Emperor (1541–1546)
- Mạc Chính Trung, Emperor (1546–1547)
- Mạc Tuyên Tông, Emperor (1546–1561)
- Mạc Mậu Hợp, Emperor (1562–1592)
- Mạc Toàn, Emperor (1592)
- Mạc Kính Chỉ, Emperor (1592–1593)
- Mạc Kính Cung, Emperor (1593–1625)
- Lê Trang Tông, Emperor (1533–1548)
- Lê Trung Tông, Emperor (1548–1556)
- Lê Anh Tông, Emperor (1556–1573)
- Lê Thế Tông, Emperor (1573–1599)
- Lê Kính Tông, Emperor (1600–1619)
- Nguyễn Hoàng, Lord (1558–1613)
- Trịnh Kiểm, Lord (1545–1570)
- Trịnh Tùng, Lord (1570–1623)
Asia: South
[edit]Asia: West
[edit]Iran
- Ismail I, Shah (1501–1524)
- Tahmasp I, Shah (1524–1576)
- Ismail II, Shah (1576–1577)
- Mohammad Khodabanda, Shah (1577–1587)
- Abbas I, Shah (1587–1629)
Oman
- Muhammad bin Ismail, Malik (1500–1529)
- Barakat bin Muhammad, Malik (1529–1560)
- Abdulla bin Muhammad, Malik (1560–1624)
Turkey
- Sultans –
- Bayezid II, Sultan (1481–1512)
- Selim I, Sultan (1512–1520)
- Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan (1520–1566)
- Selim II, Sultan (1566–1574)
- Murad III, Sultan (1574–1595)
- Mehmed III, Sultan (1595–1603)
- Yakub Pasha, Grand Vizier (1499–1501)
- Mesih Pasha, Grand Vizier (1501)
- Hadim Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1501–1503)
- Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1503–1506)
- Hadim Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1509–1511)
- Koca Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1511–1512)
- Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1512–1515)
- Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1515–1516)
- Hadım Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1516–1517)
- Yunus Pasha, Grand Vizier (1517)
- Piri Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1517–1523)
- Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1523–1536)
- Ayas Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1536–1539)
- Lütfi Pasha, Grand Vizier (1539–1541)
- Hadım Suleiman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1541–1544)
- Rüstem Pasha, Grand Vizier (1544–1553)
- Kara Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1553–1555)
- Rüstem Pasha, Grand Vizier (1555–1561)
- Semiz Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1561–1565)
- Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1565–1579)
- Şemiz Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1579–1580)
- Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1580)
- Koca Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1580–1582)
- Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha, Grand Vizier (1582–1584)
- Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1584–1585)
- Hadim Mesih Pasha, Grand Vizier (1585–1586)
- Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha, Grand Vizier (1586–1589)
- Koca Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1589–1591)
- Serdar Ferhad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1591–1592)
- Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha, Grand Vizier (1592–1593)
- Koca Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1593–1595)
- Serdar Ferhad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1595)
- Lala Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1595)
- Koca Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1595–1596)
- Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1596)
- Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1596)
- Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1596–1597)
- Hadım Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1597–1598)
- Cerrah Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1598–1599)
- Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1599–1601)
Yemen
- Badr ibn 'Abdallah, Sultan (c.1516–c.1565)
- al-Mansur Muhammad, Imam (1475–1504)
- an-Nasir al-Hasan, Imam (1495–1523)
- al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din, Imam (1506–1555)
- al-Mutahhar, Imam (1547–1572)
- an-Nasir al-Hasan bin Ali, Imam (1579–1585)
- al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam (1597–1620)
Europe
[edit]Europe: Balkans
[edit]- Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master (1476–1503)
- Emery d'Amboise, Grand Master (1503–1512)
- Guy de Blanchefort, Grand Master (1512–1513)
- Fabrizio del Carretto, Grand Master (1513–1521)
- Francesco III, Duke (1500–1511)
- Giovanni IV, Duke (1517–1564)
- Giacomo IV, Duke (1564–1566)
- Vavila, Prince-bishop (1516–1520)
- German II, Prince-bishop (1520–1530)
- Pavle, Prince-bishop (1530–1532)
- Vasilije I, Prince-bishop (1532–1540)
- Nikodim, Prince-bishop (1540)
- Romi, Prince-bishop (1540–1559)
- Makarije, Prince-bishop (1560–1561)
- Ruvim I, Prince-bishop (1561–1569)
- Pahomije II, Prince-bishop (1569–1579)
- Gerasim, Prince-bishop (1575–1582)
- Venijamin, Prince-bishop (1582–1591)
- Nikanor and Stefan, Prince-bishop (1591–1593)
- Ruvim II, Prince-bishop (1593–1636)
Croatia
- Kings (complete list) –
- part of the Habsburg monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown
- House of Habsburg
- Ferdinand I, King (1526–1564)
- Maximilian, King (1564–1576)
- Rudolph, King (1576–1608)
- House of Habsburg
- Džono Andra Bobali and Simo Benessa, Rector (1500–1501)
- Brno Bona, Rector (1501–1502)
- Džono Andra Bobali and Simo Benessa, Rector (1503–1504)
- Frano Andra Bobali, Rector (1505–1506)
- Džono Andra Bobali, Rector (1506–1507)
- Luko Bona and Antun Bona, Rector (1509–1510)
- Antun Bona, Rector (1511–1512)
- Antun Bona, Rector (1514–1515)
- Antun Bona, Rector (1517–1518)
- Antun Bona, Rector (1520–1521)
- Jako Bona, Rector (1521–1522)
- Baro Bona, Rector (1522–1523)
- Antun Bona and Jako Bona, Rector (1523–1524)
- Lujo Bona and Baro Bona, Rector (1525–1526)
- Antun Bona and Jako Bona, Rector (1526–1527)
- Lujo Bona, Rector (1527–1528)
- Mato Frana Bobali, Rector (1528–1529)
- Lujo Bona and Frano Bona, Rector (1529–1530)
- Miho Džona Bobali and Jako Bona, Rector (1530–1531)
- Damjan Benessa and Frano Bona, Rector (1531–1532)
- Lujo Bona and Jako Bona, Rector (1532–1533)
- Damjan Benessa, Mato Frana Bobali, Lujo Bona, and Frano Bona, Rector (1534–1535)
- Župan Bona and Jero Bona, Rector (1535–1536)
- Miho Sima Bobali and Frano Bona, Rector (1536–1537)
- Damjan Benessa and Mato Frana Bobali, Rector (1537–1538)
- Frano Bona, Ilija Bona and Jero Bona, Rector (1538–1539)
- Mato Frana Bobali and Miho Sima Bobali, Rector (1539–1540)
- Miho Džona Bobali, Rector (1542–1543)
- Mato Frana Bobali, Rector (1543–1544)
- Miho Sima Bobali, Rector (1545–1546)
- Mato Frana Bobali and Brno Bona, Rector (1546–1547)
- Župan Bona, Rector (1547–1548)
- Mato Frana Bobali, Rector (1549)
- Pasko Frana Cerve, Rector (1549–?)
- Župan Bona, Rector (?–1555)
- Jero Šiška Bobali, Rector (?–1559)
- Džono Miha Bobali, Rector (1559)
- Luco Bona, Rector (1559–1560)
- Džono Miha Bobali and Lovrijenac Miha Bobali, Rector (1561–1562)
- Simo Bobali, Rector (1562–1563)
- Lovrijenac Miha Bobali, Rector (1564–1565)
- Džono Miha Bobali, Rector (1565)
- Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Rector (1567–1568)
- Džono Miha Bobali, Rector (1568–1569)
- Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Rector (1569–1570)
- Lovrijenac Miha Bobali, Rector (1570)
- Jako Antuna Benesse, Rector (1570–1571)
- Džono Miha Bobali, Rector (1571–1572)
- Jako Antuna Benesse, Rector (1572–1573)
- Džono Miha Bobali, Rector (1573–1575)
- Jako Antuna Benesse, Rector (1575)
- Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Đuro Menze, Rector (1575–1576)
- Antun Bona, Jero Ghetaldi, Rector (1576–1577)
- Božo Proculo, Rector (1577–1578)
- Jako Antuna Benesse, Rector (1578–1579)
- Antun Bona, Vlađ Menze, Rector (1579–1580)
- Luco Bona, Rector (1580)
- Trojan Cerva, Rector (1581)
- Miho Bona, Rector (1582)
- Trojan Cerva, Rector (1584)
- Niko Giorgi, Rector (1586)
- Đivo Binciola, Rector (1587–1588)
- Mato Benessa, Pijero Benessa, Lujo Saraca, Pijero Cerva, Rector (1588–1589)
- Jero Bucchia, Rector (1591)
- Lujo Saraca, Rector (1592)
- Andro Luccari, Rector (1600)
Europe: British Isles
[edit]England and Ireland
- Henry VII, King and Lord (1485–1509)
- Henry VIII, King of England (1509–1547), Lord of Ireland (1509–1542), King of Ireland (1542–1547)
- Edward VI, King (1547–1553)
- Lady Jane Grey, Queen (1553) - disputed
- Mary I, Queen (1553–1558)
- Elizabeth I, Queen (1558–1603)
Scotland
Ireland
- Rossa mac Maghnusa, King (1497–1513)
- Reamonn mac Glaisne, King (1513–1521)
- Glaisne Óg mac Reamoinn, King (1521–1551?)
- Art Maol mac Reamoinn, King (1551–1560)
- Aodh mac Briain, King (1560–1562)
- Art Ruadh mac Briain, King (1562–1578)
- Sir Rossa Buidhe mac Airt, King (1579–1589)
- Hugh Roe McMahon, King (1589–1590)
- John, son of Cathal O'Reilly, ruler (1491–1510)
- Hugh, ruler (1514)
- Owen, ruler (1526)
- Farrell, ruler (1526–1536)
- Maelmordha, ruler (1537–1565)
- Hugh Conallagh O'Reilly, ruler (1583)
- John Roe, ruler (1583–1596)
- Philip, ruler (1596–1596)
- Edmond, ruler (1596–1601)
- Eóghan Ó Ruairc, King (1500–1528)
- Feidhlimidh Ó Ruairc, King (1528–1536)
- Brian ballach mór Ó Ruairc, King (1528–1559, 1560–1562)
- Tadhg Ó Ruairc, King (1559–1560)
- Aodh gallda Ó Ruairc, King (1562–1564)
- Aodh buidhe Ó Ruairc, King (1564–1566)
- Brian O'Rourke, King (1566–1591)
- Brian Oge O'Rourke, King (1591–1600)
- Tadhg Ó Ruairc, Lord (1600–1605)
- Muircheartach mac Donnchadh mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1478–1512)
- Art Buidhe mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1512–1517)
- Gerald mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1517–1523)
- Muiris mac Domhnall Riabhach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1523–1531)
- Muircheartach mac Art Buidhe mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1531–1547)
- Muiris mac Domhnall Riabhach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1523–1531)
- Murchadh mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1531–1557)
- Criomthann mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1557–1582)
- Domhnall Spáinneach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1582–1603)
- Cormac mac Diarmata, King (1499–1528)
- Dermot an Einigh mac Diarmata, King (1528–1533)
- Eoghan mac Diarmata, King (1533–1534)
- Aedh na Ab mac Diarmata, King (1534–1549)
- Ruaidri mac Diarmata, King (1549–1568)
- Turlough mac Diarmata, King (1568–1576)
- Tadhg mac Diarmata, King (1576–1585)
- Breasal Ó Madadhan, Lord (c.1479–1526)
- Domhnall Ó Madadhan, Lord (1567–1612)
Europe: Central
[edit]-
- Maximilian I, Emperor Elect (1508–1519), King (1486–1519)
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1530–1556), King (1519–1556)
- Ferdinand I, Emperor Elect (1558–1564), King (1531–1564)
- Maximilian II, Emperor Elect (1564–1576), King (1562–1576)
- Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612)
- Balthasar Merklin, Vice Chancellor (1527–1531)
- Matthias von Held, Vice Chancellor (1531–1541)
- Johann von Naves, Vice Chancellor (1541–1547)
- Jakob von Jonas, Vice Chancellor (1547–1558)
- Georg Sigmund Seld, Vice Chancellor (1559–1563)
- Johann Ulrich Zasius, Vice Chancellor (1566–1570)
- Siegmund Vieheuser, Vice Chancellor (1577–1587)
- Jacob Kurz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1587–1594)
- Johann Wolfgang Freymann, Vice Chancellor (1594–1597)
- Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)
Austria
- Habsburg monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles
- Maximilian I, (1493–1519)
- Charles V, (1519–1556)
- Ferdinand I, (1556–1564)
- Maximilian II, (1564–1576)
- Rudolf II, (1576–1612)
Hungary
- Vladislaus II, King (1490–1516)
- Louis II, King (1516–1526)
- John Zápolya, King (1526–1540)
- John Sigismund, King (1540–1570)
- Ferdinand I, King (1526–1564)
- Maximilian, King (1564–1576)
- Rudolph, King (1576–1608)
Poland
- John I Albert, King (1492–1501)
- Alexander, King (1501–1506), Grand Duke (1492–1506)
- Sigismund I the Old, King (1506–1548), Grand Duke (1506–1548)
- Sigismund II Augustus, King (1530–1572), Grand Duke (1530–1572)
- Sigismund II Augustus, King and Grand Duke (1530–1572)
- Henry of Valois, King and Grand Duke (1573–1575)
- Anna Jagiellon, Queen and Grand Duchess (1575–1586)
- Stephen Báthory, King and Grand Duke (1576–1586)
- Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
- Frederick, Duke of Saxony, Grand Master (1497–1510)
- Albert, Grand Master (1510–1525), Duke (1525–1568)
- Albert, Grand Master (1510–1525), Duke (1525–1568)
- Albert Frederick, Duke (1568–1618)
Europe: East
[edit]- Meñli I Giray, Khan (1478–1515)
- Mehmed I Giray, Khan (1515–1523)
- Ğazı I Giray, Khan (1523–1524)
- Saadet I Girai, Khan (1524–1532)
- İslâm I Giray, Khan (1532)
- Sahib I Giray, Khan (1532–1551)
- Devlet I Giray, Khan (1551–1577)
- Mehmed II Giray, Khan (1577–1584)
- Saadet II Giray, Khan (1584)
- İslâm II Giray, Khan (1584–1588)
- Ğazı II Giray, Khan (1588–1596)
- Fetih I Giray, Khan (1596)
- Ğazı II Giray, Khan (1596–1607)
- Ghabdellatif, Khan (1496–1502)
- Möxämmädämin, Khan (1484–1485, 1487–1495, 1502–1518)
- Shahghali, Khan (1518–1521, 1546, 1551–1552)
- Sahib I Giray, Khan (1521–1525)
- Safa Giray, Khan (1525–1532, 1535–1546, 1546–1549)
- Canghali, Khan (1532–1535)
- Utameshgaray, Khan (1549–1551)
- Yadegar Mokhammad, Khan (1552)
- Sigismund II Augustus, King and Grand Duke (1530–1572)
- Henry of Valois, King and Grand Duke (1573–1575)
- Anna Jagiellon, Queen and Grand Duchess (1575–1586)
- Stephen Báthory, King and Grand Duke (1576–1586)
- Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
- Ștefan III the Great, Voivode (1457–1504)
- Bogdan III The One-Eyed, Voivode (1504–1517)
- Luca Arbore, Regent (1517–1523)
- Ștefan IV the Younger, Voivode (1523–1527)
- Petru V Rareș, Voivode (1527–1538, 1541–1546)
- Ștefan V Lăcustă, Voivode (1538–1540)
- Alexandru III the Evil, Voivode (1540–1541)
- Ilie II Rareș, Voivode (1546–1551)
- Ștefan VI Rareș, Voivode (1551–1552)
- Ioan Joldea, Voivode (1552)
- Alexandru IV Lăpușneanu, Voivode (1552–1561, 1564–1568)
- Ioan II Iacob Heraclid, Voivode (1561–1563)
- Ștefan VII Tomșa, Voivode (1563–1564)
- Ruxandra of Moldavia, Regent (1568–1570)
- Bogdan IV, Voivode (1570–1572)
- Ioan III the Terrible, Voivode (1572–1574)
- Petru VI the Lame, Voivode (1574–1577, 1578–1579, 1582–1591)
- Ioan IV Potcoavă, Voivode (1577)
- Ioan V the Saxon, Voivode (1579–1582)
- Aaron I the Tyrant, Voivode (1591–1592, 1592–1595)
- Alexandru V the Wrongdoer, Voivode (1592)
- Petru VII the Cossack, Voivode (1592)
- Ștefan VIII Răzvan, Voivode (1595)
- Ieremia Movilă, Voivode (1595–1600, 1600–1606)
- Mihail I Viteazul, Voivode (1600)
- Ivan III the Great, Grand prince (1462–1505)
- Vasily III, Grand prince (1505–1533)
- Ivan IV the Terrible, Grand prince (1533–1547), Tsar (1547–1584)
- Satylghan ibn Nur Daulat, Sultan (1491–1506)
- Janai ibn Nur Daulat, Sultan (1506–1512)
- Shaykh Allahyar, Khan (1512–1516)
- Shahghali, Khan (1516–1519)
- Canghali of Kazan, Khan (1519–1531)
- Shahghali, Khan (1535–1567)
- Simeon Bekbulatovich, Khan (1567–1573)
- Mustafa Ali Khan, Khan (1584–1590)
- Eid al-Muhammad, Khan (1600–1610)
- Ivan IV the Terrible, Grand prince (1533–1547), Tsar (1547–1584)
- Feodor I, Tsar (1584–1598)
- Boris Godunov, Tsar (1598–1605)
- John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince (1570–1571)[36][37]
- Stephen Báthory, Prince (1576–1586)[38][39][40]
- Sigismund Báthory, Prince (1586–1598, 1598–1599, 1601–1602)[38][41][42]
- Imperial commissioners, (1598)
- Andrew Báthory, Prince (1599)[43][44]
- Michael the Brave of Wallachia, imperial governor (1599–1600)[45][46][47]
- Giorgio Basta, commissioner (1600–1601, 1601–1603)[45][48]
- Radu IV the Great, Prince (1495–1508)
- Mihnea I the Bad, Prince (1508–1509)
- Mircea III (IV) Miloș, Prince (1509–1510)
- Vlad V the Younger, Prince (1510–1512)
- Neagoe Basarab V, Prince (1512–1521)
- Milica of Serbia, Regent
- Branković/ Craiovești, Regent (1521–1522)
- Milica Despina, Regent (1521–1522)
- Teodosie of Wallachia, Prince (1521–1522)
- Radu V, Prince (1522–1523, 1524, 1524–1525, 1525–1529)
- Vladislav III, Prince (1523, 1524, 1525)
- Radu VI Bădica, Prince (1523–1524)
- Basarab VI, Prince (1529)
- Moise, Prince (1529–1530)
- Vlad VI the Drowned, Prince (1530–1532)
- Vlad VII Vintilă de la Slatina, Prince (1532–1535)
- Radu VII Paisie, Prince (1535–1545)
- Mircea IV the Shepherd, Prince (1545–1552, 1553–1554, 1558–1559)
- Radu VIII Ilie the Cowherd, Prince (1552–1553)
- Pătrașcu the Good, Prince (1554–1558)
- Chiajna of Moldavia, Regent (1559–1564)
- Petru I the Younger, Prince (1564–1568)
- Alexandru II Mircea, Prince (1568–1574, 1574–1577)
- Vintilă, Prince (1574)
- Catherine Salvaresso, Regent (1577–1583)
- Petru II of the Earring, Prince (1583–1585)
- Mihnea II the Turk (Mihnea Turcitul), Prince (1585–1591)
- Ștefan I Surdul, Prince (1591–1592)
- Alexandru III cel Rău, Prince (1592–1593)
- Mihail II Viteazul, Prince (1593–1600)
- Nicolae Pătrașcu, Prince (1599–1600)
- Simion Movilă, Prince (1600–1601, 1602)
Europe: Nordic
[edit]Kalmar Union
- Kalmar Union of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway (complete list, complete list, complete list) –
- John, King of Denmark (1481–1513), of Norway (1483–1513), of Sweden (1497–1501)
- Sten Sture the Elder, Regent of Sweden (1470–1497, 1501–1503)
- Svante Nilsson, Regent of Sweden (1504–1512)
- Eric Trolle, Regent of Sweden (1512)
- Sten Sture the Younger, Regent of Sweden (1512–1520)
- Christian II, King of Denmark and Norway (1513–1523), of Sweden (1520–1521)
Denmark–Norway
- Frederick I, King (1523–1533)
- Olav Engelbrektsson, Regent of Norway (1533–1537)
- Christian III, King (1533–1559)
- Frederick II, King (1559–1588)
- Christian IV, King (1588–1648)
- John, King of Denmark, Duke (1482–1513)
- Frederick I of Denmark, Duke (1490–1533)
- Christian II of Denmark, Duke (1513–1523)
- Christian III of Denmark, Duke (1523–1559)
- Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1544–1586)
- John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev, Duke (1544–1580)
- Frederick II of Denmark, Duke (1559–1588)
- Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1586–1587)
- Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1587–1590)
- Christian IV of Denmark, Duke (1588–1648)
Sweden
- Gustav I, King (1523–1560)
- Eric XIV, King (1560–1568)
- John III, King (1568–1592)
- Sigismund, King (1592–1599)
- Charles IX, Regent (1599–1604), King (1604–1611)
Europe: Southcentral
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Map_of_Italy_%281494%29-en.svg/400px-Map_of_Italy_%281494%29-en.svg.png)
- Charles V, King (1530–1556)
- Piero Soderini, de facto ruler (1502–1512)
- Giovanni (Leo X), Lord (1512–1513)
- Giuliano, Lord (1513–1516)
- Lorenzo II, Lord (1516–1519)
- Giulio (Clement VII), Lord (1519–1523)
- Ippolito, Lord (1523–1527)
- Alessandro the Moor, Lord (1527–1532), Duke (1532–1537)
- Cosimo I, Duke (1537–1569), Grand Duke (1569–1574)
- Francis II, Marquess (1484–1519)
- Federico II, Marquess (1519–1530), Duke (1530–1540)
- Francesco III, Duke (1540–1550)
- Guglielmo, Duke (1550–1587)
- Vincenzo, Duke (1587–1612)
- Alberico II Malaspina, Marquis (1481–1519)
- Ricciarda Cybo-Malaspina, Marquis (1519–1546, 1547–1553)
- Giulio I Cybo-Malaspina, Marquis (1546–1547)
- Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina, Marquis (1554–1623), Prince and Marquis (1558–1623)
- Duchy of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara (complete list) –
- Ercole I, Duke (1471–1505)
- Alfonso I, Duke (1505–1534)
- Ercole II, Duke (1534–1559)
- Alfonso II, Duke (1559–1597)
- William IX, Marquis (1494–1518)
- Anne of Alençon, Regent (1518–1530) for Boniface IV, Marquis (1518–1530)
- John George, Marquis (1530–1533)
- Spanish occupation, 1533–1536.
- Frederick Gonzaga, Marquis (1536–1540)
- Francis I, Marquis (1540–1550)
- Guglielmo Gonzaga, Marquis (1550–1574), Duke (1574–1574)
- Vincent I, Duke (1587–1612)
- Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503)
- Pius III, Pope (1503)
- Julius II, Pope (1503–1513)
- Leo X, Pope (1513–1521)
- Adrian VI, Pope (1522–1523)
- Clement VII, Pope (1523–1534)
- Paul III, Pope (1534–1549)
- Julius III, Pope (1550–1555)
- Marcellus II, Pope (1555)
- Paul IV, Pope (1555–1559)
- Pius IV, Pope (1559–1565)
- Pius V, Pope (1566–1572)
- Gregory XIII, Pope (1572–1585)
- Sixtus V, Pope (1585–1590)
- Urban VII, Pope (1590)
- Gregory XIV, Pope (1590–1591)
- Innocent IX, Pope (1591)
- Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605)
- Pier Luigi, Duke (1545–1547)
- Ottavio, Duke (1556–1586)
- Alexander, Duke (1586–1592)
- Ranuccio I, Duke (1592–1622)
-
- Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1500–1501)
- Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1501)
- Cristoforo di Giacomino di Bartolo, Biagio di Bartolo Pasini, Captains Regent (1501–1502)
- Antonio di Girolamo, Gabriele di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1502)
- Giuliano di Bartolomeo, Angelo di Paolo Fabbri, Captains Regent (1502–1503)
- Antonio di Bianco, Bartolo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1503)
- Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Giovanni di Cristoforo di Vita, Captains Regent (1503)
- Francesco di Girolamo, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1503–1504)
- Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Captains Regent (1504)
- Antonio di Girolamo, Francesco di Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1504–1505)
- Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Giuliano di Bartolomeo, Captains Regent (1505)
- Antonio di Bianco, Antonio di Marino Giannini, Captains Regent (1505–1506)
- Andrea di Giorgio Loli, Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Captains Regent (1506)
- Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1506–1507)
- Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1507)
- Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Leonardo di Giovanni di Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1507–1508)
- Cristoforo Martelli, Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Captains Regent (1508)
- Antonio di Girolamo, Francesco di Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1508–1509)
- Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Antonio di Benetto, Captains Regent (1509)
- Andrea di Giorgio Loli, Antonio di Marino Giannini, Captains Regent (1509–1510)
- Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Andrea di Marino Speranza, Captains Regent (1510)
- Antonio di Bianco, Barnaba di Matteo da Valle, Captains Regent (1510–1511)
- Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Biagio di Bartolo Pasini, Captains Regent (1511)
- Antonio di Girolamo, Giovanni di Cristoforo Vita, Captains Regent (1511–1512)
- Andrea Giangi, Marino di Severo, Captains Regent (1512)
- Leonardo di Giovanni Belluzzi, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1512–1513)
- Cristoforo di Girolamo, Cristoforo Martelli, Captains Regent (1513)
- Antonio di Benetto, Benedetto di Marino Benettini, Captains Regent (1513–1514)
- Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Francesco Giangi, Captains Regent (1514)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Captains Regent (1514–1515)
- Carlo di Cristofaro, Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Captains Regent (1515)
- Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1515–1516)
- Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Captains Regent (1516)
- Diotallevo Corbelli, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1516–1517)
- Carlo di Cristofaro, Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Captains Regent (1517)
- Andrea di Bonifazio, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1517–1518)
- Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Leonardo di Giovanni Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1518)
- Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1518–1519)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Pietro di Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1519)
- Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Francesco di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1519–1520)
- Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Marino di Severo, Captains Regent (1520)
- Andrea di Bonifazio, Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1520–1521)
- Bartolomeo di Antonio Amanti, Bartolo di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1521)
- Cristofaro Martelli, Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Captains Regent (1521–1522)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Giuliano di Bartolomeo, Captains Regent (1522)
- Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Marino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1522–1523)
- Bartolomeo di Antonio, Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1523)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Francesco di Sante di Biagio, Captains Regent (1523–1524)
- Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Leonardo di Giovanni Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1524)
- Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Bartolomeo di Antonio Amanti, Captains Regent (1524–1525)
- Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Captains Regent (1525)
- Melchiorre di Francesco Belluzzi, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1525–1526)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Federigo di Brandano Calcigni, Captains Regent (1526)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Marino di Severo, Captains Regent (1526–1527)
- Andrea Sabbatini, Carlo di Cristofaro, Captains Regent (1527)
- Bartolomeo di Antonio Amanti, Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Captains Regent (1527–1528)
- Melchiorre di Francesco, Diottalevo Corbelli, Giuliano di Marino Righi, Captains Regent (1528)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1528–1529)
- Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Bartolo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1529)
- Lodovico di Pietro Calcigni, Antonio di Pietro Tosini, Captains Regent (1529–1530)
- Melchiorre di Francesco Belluzzi, Giacomo di Lodovico Pinti, Captains Regent (1530)
- Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Captains Regent (1530–1531)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1531)
- Polinoro di Antonio Lunardini, Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Captains Regent (1531–1532)
- Carlo di Cristofaro, Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Captains Regent (1532)
- Bartolo di Simone Belluzzi, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1532–1533)
- Giacomo di Lodovico Calcigni, Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1533)
- Camillo di Menetto Bonelli, Melchiorre di Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1533–1534)
- Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Giuliano di Marino Righi, Captains Regent (1534)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1534–1535)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Antonio di Pietro Tontini, Captains Regent (1535)
- Innocenzo di Menetto Bonelli, Giacomo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1535–1536)
- Melchiorre di Francesco Belluzzi, Sammaritano di Andrea Tini, Captains Regent (1536)
- Bartolo di Simone Belluzzi, Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Captains Regent (1536–1537)
- Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Girolamo di Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1537)
- Giuliano di Marino Righi, Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1537–1538)
- Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Captains Regent (1538)
- Carlo di Cristofaro Gianolini, Cristofaro di Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1538–1539)
- Melchiorre di Francesco Belluzzi, Niccolò di Sante di Biagio, Captains Regent (1539)
- Bartolo di Simone Belluzzi, Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1539–1540)
- Gio. Antonio di Francesco Belluzzi, Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Captains Regent (1540)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Vincenzo di Bartolo Gombertini, Captains Regent (1540–1541)
- Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Stanghelino di Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1541)
- Giuliano di Marino Righi, Giacomo di Lodovico Pinti, Captains Regent (1541–1542)
- Polinoro Lunardini, Cristofaro di Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1542)
- Carlo Gianolini, Marino Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1542–1543)
- Antonio di Pietro Tontini, Giacomo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1543)
- Girolamo Giannini, Carlo di Francesco Lunardini, Captains Regent (1543–1544)
- Polinoro Lunardini, Bartolo di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1544)
- Giovanni Antonio Belluzzi, Vincenzo Gombertini, Captains Regent (1544–1545)
- Girolamo di Giuliano Gozi, Innocenzo Brancuti, Captains Regent (1545)
- Giuliano di Marino Righi, Marino Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1545–1546)
- Bonetto di Marino Bonetti, Baldo di Gaspare, Captains Regent (1546)
- Pier Leone di Fabrizio Corbelli, Bernardino Giannini, Captains Regent (1546–1547)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Stanghelino di Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1547)
- Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Pier Paolo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1547–1548)
- Bartolo Belluzzi, Giovanni Antonio Belluzzi, Sante di Marco Gori, Captains Regent (1548)
- Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Francesco di Sebastiano Onofri, Captains Regent (1548–1549)
- Giuliano di Marino Righi, Girolamo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1549)
- Bartolo Belluzzi, Rinaldo di Giovanni Baldi, Captains Regent (1549–1550)
- Polinoro Lunardini, Biagio di Matteo Tura, Captains Regent (1550)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Cristofaro di Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1550–1551)
- Girolamo Giannini, Marino di Andrea, Captains Regent (1551)
- Pier Leone Corbelli, Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1551–1552)
- Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Baldo di Gaspare, Captains Regent (1552)
- Antonio di Piero Tontini, Vincenzo di Giovanni di Andrea, Captains Regent (1552–1553)
- Vincenzo Gombertini, Giacomo di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1553)
- Gio. Antonio Belluzzi, Rinaldo di Giovanni Baldi, Captains Regent (1553–1554)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Giacomo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1554)
- Marc'Antonio Gozi, Francesco di Sebastiano Onofri, Captains Regent (1554–1555)
- Giuliano di Marino Righi, Gio. Antonio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1555)
- Bartolo Belluzzi, Pier Paolo Corbelli, Captains Regent (1555–1556)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Bonetto di Marino Bonetti, Captains Regent (1556)
- Antonio Brancuti, Baldo di Gaspare, Captains Regent (1556–1557)
- Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1557)
- Pier Paolo Bonelli, Vincenzo Gombertini, Captains Regent (1557–1558)
- Girolamo Giannini, Francesco di Sebastiano Onofri, Captains Regent (1558)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Rinaldo di Giovanni Baldi, Captains Regent (1558–1559)
- Bartolo Belluzzi, Pier Paolo Corbelli, Captains Regent (1559)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Sinibaldo Sinibaldi, Captains Regent (1559–1560)
- Giacomo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Vincenzo di Marino di Andrea, Captains Regent (1560)
- Pier Leone Corbelli, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Captains Regent (1560–1561)
- Vincenzo Gombertini, Bernardino Giannini, Captains Regent (1561)
- Francesco di Sebastiano Onofri, Francesco di Pier Paolo Martelli, Captains Regent (1561–1562)
- Girolamo Giannini, Claudio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1562)
- Pier Paolo Bonelli, Marc'Antonio Gozi, Captains Regent (1562–1563)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Pier Paolo Corbelli, Captains Regent (1563)
- Ludovico Belluzzi, Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Captains Regent (1563–1564)
- Gio. Andrea Belluzzi, Rinaldo di Giovanni Baldi, Captains Regent (1564)
- Antonio Brancuti, Benedetto di Bianco, Captains Regent (1564–1565)
- Vincenzo Gombertini, Giacomo di Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1565)
- Bonetto di Marino Bonetti, Marino Bonelli, Captains Regent (1565–1566)
- Marc'Antonio Gozi, Giovanni Antonio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1566)
- Girolamo Giannini, Sebastiano di Cristofaro Giangi, Captains Regent (1566–1567)
- Francesco di Pier Paolo Martelli, Marino di Cristofaro Giangi, Captains Regent (1567)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Giovanni Andrea Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1567–1568)
- Pier Paolo Bonelli, Pier Paolo Corbelli, Captains Regent (1568)
- Antonio Brancuti, Liberio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1568–1569)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1569)
- Ippolito Gombertini, Sinibaldo Sinibaldi, Captains Regent (1569–1570)
- Marc'Antonio Gozi, Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Captains Regent (1570)
- Girolamo Giannini, Ascanio di Giacomo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1570–1571)
- Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli, Benedetto di Bianco, Captains Regent (1571)
- Pier Paolo Corbelli, Giovanni Paolo di Giuliano, Captains Regent (1571–1572)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1572)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Antonio di Angelo Bellini, Captains Regent (1572–1573)
- Antonio Brancuti, Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1573)
- Lodovico Belluzzi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1573–1574)
- Marc'Antonio Gozi, Gio. Antonio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1574)
- Giambattista Belluzzi, Benedetto di Bianco, Captains Regent (1574–1575)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Liberio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1575)
- Girolamo Giannini, Vincenzo di Marino di Andrea, Captains Regent (1575–1576)
- Pier Paolo Corbelli, Sinibaldo Sinibaldi, Captains Regent (1576)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Francesco Onofri, Captains Regent (1576–1577)
- Francesco di Paolo di Giuliano, Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1577)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1577–1578)
- Ippolito Gombertini, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1578)
- Liberio Gabrielli, Ascanio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1578–1579)
- Girolamo Giannini, Benedetto di Bianco, Captains Regent (1579)
- Lodovico Belluzzi, Giovanni Calcigni, Captains Regent (1579–1580)
- Pier Paolo Corbelli, Marino Bonelli, Captains Regent (1580)
- Giambattista Belluzzi, Sinibaldo Sinibaldi, Captains Regent (1580–1581)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Gio. Lodovico di Matteo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1581)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Gio. Paolo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1581–1582)
- Ippolito Gombertini, Pier Marino Cionini, Captains Regent (1582)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1582–1583)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Marc'Antonio Gozi, Captains Regent (1583)
- Pier Paolo Corbelli, Francesco Martelli, Captains Regent (1583–1584)
- Federico Sinibaldi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1584)
- Innocenzo Brancuti, Gio. Lodovico Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1584–1585)
- Bonetto Bonetti, Gio. Maria Giangi, Captains Regent (1585)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Liberio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1585–1586)
- Ascanio Belluzzi, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1586)
- Paol'Antonio Onofri, Giambattista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1586–1587)
- Lodovico Belluzzi, Pier Marino Cionini, Captains Regent (1587)
- Gio. Antonio Leonardelli, Pier Paolo Corbelli, Captains Regent (1587–1588)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1588)
- Marc'Aurelio Brancuti, Giambattista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1588–1589)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Liberio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1589)
- Federico Sinibaldi, Marino Pellicieri, Captains Regent (1589–1590)
- Francesco Giannini, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1590)
- Orazio Giannini, Giambattista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1590–1591)
- Lodovico Belluzzi, Ascanio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1591)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Ottaviano Gozi, Captains Regent (1591–1592)
- Pier Marino Cionini, Giuliano Gozi, Camillo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1592)
- Giovanni Paolo Belluzzi, Paol'Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1592–1593)
- Giuliano Corbelli, Annibale Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1593)
- Giambattista Belluzzi, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1593–1594)
- Liberio Gabrielli, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1594)
- Federico Brandani, Vincenzo Giannini, Captains Regent (1594–1595)
- Fabrizio Belluzzi, Francesco Maria Corbelli, Captains Regent (1595)
- Pier Marino Cionini, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1595–1596)
- Orazio Belluzzi, Matteo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1596)
- Camillo Bonelli, Annibale Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1596–1597)
- Paolo Antonio Onofri, Gio. Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1597)
- Camillo Bonelli, Annibale Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1597–1598)
- Giuliano Gozi, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1598)
- Giambattista Belluzzi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1598–1599)
- Pier Marino Cionini, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1599)
- Orazio Belluzzi, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1599–1600)
- Pier Francesco Bonetti, Belluzzo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1600)
- Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Fabrizio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1600–1601)
- Cosimo I, Duke (1537–1569), Grand Duke (1569–1574)
- Francesco I, Grand Duke (1574–1587)
- Ferdinando I, Grand Duke (1587–1609)
- Agostino Barbarigo, Doge (1486–1501)[49]
- Leonardo Loredan, Doge (1501–1521)
- Antonio Grimani, Doge (1521–1523)
- Andrea Gritti, Doge (1523–1538)
- Pietro Lando, Doge (1538–1545)
- Francesco Donato, Doge (1545–1553)
- Marcantonio Trevisan, Doge (1553–1554)
- Francesco Venier, Doge (1554–1556)
- Lorenzo Priuli, Doge (1556–1559)
- Girolamo Priuli, Doge (1559–1567)
- Pietro Loredan, Doge (1567–1570)
- Alvise I Mocenigo, Doge (1570–1577)
- Sebastiano Venier, Doge (1577–1578)
- Nicolò da Ponte, Doge (1578–1585)
- Pasqual Cicogna, Doge (1585–1595)
- Marino Grimani, Doge (1595–1606)
Southern Italy
- Frederick I, King (1496–1501)
- Louis III, King (1501–1504)
- Ferdinand III, King (1504–1516)
- Joanna III, Queen (1516–1555)
- Charles IV, King (1516–1554)
- Philip I, King (1554–1598)
- Philip II, King (1598–1621)
- Ferdinand II, King (1468–1516)
- Joanna, Queen (1516–1555)
- Charles I, King (1516–1556)
- Philip II, King (1554–1598)
- Philip III, King (1598–1621)
Malta
- Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Grand Master (1521–1534)
- Piero de Ponte, Grand Master (1534–1535)
- Didier de Saint-Jaille, Grand Master (1535–1536)
- Juan de Homedes, Grand Master (1536–1553)
- Claude de la Sengle, Grand Master (1553–1557)
- Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master (1557–1568)
- Pierre de Monte, Grand Master (1568–1572)
- Jean de la Cassière, Grand Master (1572–1581)
- Mathurin Romegas, Lieutenant (1577–1581)
- Mathurin Romegas, anti-Grand Master (1581)
- Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, Grand Master (1581–1595)
- Martín Garzés, Grand Master (1595–1601)
Europe: Southwest
[edit]Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –
- Pedro Folc de Cardona / Pere de Cardona, Episcopal Co-Prince (1472–1512, 1513–1515)
- Joan d'Espés, Episcopal Co-Prince (1515–1530)
- Pedro Jordán de Urries, Episcopal Co-Prince (1532–1533)
- Francisco de Urríes, Episcopal Co-Prince (1533–1551)
- Miquel Despuig, Episcopal Co-Prince (1552–1556)
- Juan Pérez Garcia de Oliván, Episcopal Co-Prince (1556–1560)
- Pere de Castellet, Episcopal Co-Prince (1561–1571)
- Joan Dimes Lloris, Episcopal Co-Prince (1571–1576)
- Miquel Jeroni Morell, Episcopal Co-Prince (1578–1579)
- Hug Ambrós de Montcada, Episcopal Co-Prince (1579–1586)
- Andreu Capella, Episcopal Co-Prince (1588–1609)
- French Co-Princes (complete list) –
Navarre
Portugal
Spain
- Trastámara Spain: Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon (complete list, complete list) –
- Isabella I the Catholic, Queen of Castile (1474–1504)
- Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Castile (1474–1504), of Aragon (1479–1516)
- Philip I the Handsome, King of Castile (1506)
- Joanna the Mad, Queen of Castile (1504–1555), of Aragon (1516–1555)
- Charles I, King (1516–1556)
-
- Joanna the mad, Queen (1504–1555)
- Charles I, King (1516–1556)
- Philip II the Prudent, King (1556–1598)
- Philip III the Pious, King (1598–1621)
Europe: West
[edit]France
- Charles VIII the Affable, King (1483–1515)
- Louis XII, King (1498–1515)
- Francis I, King (1515–1547)
- Henry II, King (1547–1559)
- Francis II, King (1559–1560)
- Charles IX, King (1560–1574)
- Henry III, King (1574–1589)
- Henry IV, King (1589–1610)
- Anjou (complete list) –
- John III, Count of Auvergne, Count (1494–1501)
- Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne, Count (1501–1524)
- Catherine de' Medici, Count (1524–1589)
- Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, Count (1589–1608)
- John V, Count (1497–1501)
- Anne, Duchess (1488–1514)
- Claude, Duchess (1514–1524)
- Francis III, Duke (1524–1536)
- Henry, Duke (1536–1547)
- Charles VI of Maine, Count (?–1611)
- Monaco (complete list) –
- Jean II, Lord (1494–1505)
- Lucien, Lord (1505–1523)
- Honoré I, Lord (1523–1581)
- Charles II, Lord (1581–1589)
- Ercole, Lord (1589–1604)
- Engelbert of Cleves, Count (1491–1506)
- Charles II, Count of Nevers, Count (1506–1521)
- François I, Duke (1521–1562)
- François II, Duke (1562–1563)
- Jacques, Duchess (1563–1564)
- Henriette of Cleves, Duke (1564–1601)
- Louis Gonzaga, Duke (1566–1595)
- Charles III Gonzaga, Duke (1595–1637)
Low Countries
- For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- Maurice, Stadtholder (1585–1625)
- Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Grand Pensionary (1586–1619)
- For the preceding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594)
- Frederik van den Bergh, in name only, Stadtholder (1595–1618)
- William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg, Stadtholder (1595–1620)
- Philip IV the Handsome, Count (1482–1506)
- Charles III, Count (1506–1555)
- Philip V, Count (1555–1598)
- Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess (1598–1621)
- For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Frisia under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594)
- William I, Stadtholder (1580–1884)
- William Louis, Stadtholder (1584–1620)
- For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594)
- William Louis, Stadtholder (1584–1620)
- For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- William IV of Bergh, Stadtholder (1581–1585)
- Claude de Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1585–1587)
- Florent de Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1587–1626)
- Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589)
- Maurice, Stadtholder (1590–1625)
- For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- William I, Stadtholder (1572–1584)
- Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589)
- Maurice, Stadtholder (1585–1625)
- For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594)
- Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589)
- Frederik van den Bergh, Stadtholder (1594–1618)
Eurasia: Caucasus
[edit]Azerbaijan
- Huseyn Ali, Khan (1680–1721)
Georgia
- Alexander II, King (1478–1510)
- Bagrat III, King (1510–1565)
- George II, King (1565–1585)
- Leon, King (1585–1588)
- Rostom, King (1588–1589, 1590–1605)
- Bagrat IV, King (1589–1590)
- Alexander I, King (1476–1511)
- George II the Bad, King (1511–1513)
- rule by the Kingdom of Kartli (1513–1520)
- Levan, King (1520–1574)
- Alexander II (Ottoman vassal after 1578), King (1574–1602, 1602–1605)
Russia: Dagestan
- Surkhay II ibn Chopan, Shamkhal (1605–1614)
- Andia ibn Chopan, Shamkhal (1614–1623)
- Eldar ibn Surkhay, Shamkhal (1623–1635)
- Aidemir ibn Sultan Mahmud, Shamkhal (1635–1640)
- Alibek II ibn Tuchilav, Khan (1642–1700)
- Surkhay ibn Garai-Bek, Khan (1700–1741)
Oceania
[edit]Chile: Easter Island
- Mahaki Tapu Vae Iti (Mahiki Tapuakiti), King (?)
- Ngau-ka Te Mahaki or Tuu Koiho (Ko-Tuu-ihu?), King (?)
- Anakena, King (?)
- Hanga Rau, King (?)
- Marama Ariki, King (c.1600)
Tonga
- Kau Vaka'uta, King (?)
- Siulangapō, King (?)
- Vakalahi-Moheʻuli, King (c.1550)
- Moʻunga ʻo Tonga, King (?)
United States: Hawaii
- Hākau, supreme high chief (1495–1510)
- 'Umi-a-Līloa, supreme high chief (1510–1525)
- Kealiʻiokaloa, supreme high chief (1525–1545)
- Keawenuiaʻumi, supreme high chief (1545–1575)
- Kaikilani, supreme high chief (female) (1575–1605)
See also
[edit]- List of governors of dependent territories in the 16th century
- List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
- List of state leaders in 16th-century south Asia
References
[edit]- ^ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17–19
- ^ Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
- ^ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
- ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
- ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
- ^ MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
- ^ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
- ^ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
- ^ Kâti, Mahmoûd Kâti ben el-Hâdj el-Motaouakkel (1913), Tarikh el-fettach ou Chronique du chercheur, pour servir à l'histoire des villes, des armées et des principaux personnages du Tekrour (in French), Houdas, O., Delafosse, M. ed. and trans., Paris: Ernest Leroux, p. 217
- ^ Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, pp. 336–337, ISBN 978-90-04-12822-4
- ^ The Tarikh al-Sudan states that Askiya Nuh ruled for 7 years.
- ^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 77-94; id., Kingdoms, 552.
- ^ From now on dates follow Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
- ^ Ba, Abdou Bouri, « Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip » (avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin), Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 38, série B, numéro 4, octobre 1976 "Ba Abdou Bouri, Essai sur l'histoire du Saloum et du Rip". Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ a b c d "Ahuítzotl, "El espinoso del agua" (1486–1502)" [Ahuítzotl, "Thorny Water" (1486–1502)]. Archeologia Mexicana (in Spanish). Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ "Juan Velázquez, 12th Aztec Emperor". Geni.com. February 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Los gobernantes que siguieron a Moctezuma, Cuitláhuac y Cuahutémoc" [The governors of Mexico who followed Moctezuma, Cuitláhuac, and Cuauhtémoc]. El Bable (in Spanish). December 16, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ "Cortes Meets Xicotencatl, Tlaxcala Chief". American Historical Association. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ "Zapotecs (Mesoamerica)". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ Istmeño Oaxaqueño, Xhuncu (April 24, 2011). "COSIJOEZA Y COSIJOPÍ SICASIBI..REYES ZAPOTECAS!!!" [Cosijoeza and Cosijoi Sicasibi... Zapoteca Kings!]. Zapotecos del Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- ^ "Tawantinsuyu / Emperors of the Incas". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
- ^ Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
- ^ Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, 1971; Olaf Czaja, 2013.
- ^ Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.
- ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 156–68; Truhart (2003), p. 1235.
- ^ Arifin (1995); De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 192–8.
- ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
- ^ Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9.
- ^ Sutherland (1973–1974).
- ^ Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
- ^ Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
- ^ The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
- ^ Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
- ^ de Aganduru Moriz, Rodrigo (1882). Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas. Madrid: Impr. de Miguel Ginesta.
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:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Markó 2000, p. 110.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 252., 259-260.
- ^ a b Szegedi 2009, p. 101.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 99-100.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 260., 264-265.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 101-102.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 263., 293-297.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 97-98.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 295-296.
- ^ a b Barta 1994, p. 296.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 112-113.
- ^ Pop 2009, pp. 82-83.
- ^ Barta 1994, p. 297.
- ^ Norwich, John J. (1983). A History of Venice. Penguin Books. p. 363. ISBN 0140066233.