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Not to be confused with Kristina Georgieva.
In this Bulgarian name, the patronymic is Ivanova and the family name is Georgieva-Kinova.

Kristalina Georgieva
Кристалина Георгиева
Official portrait, 2019
12th Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
Assumed office
1 October 2019
Deputy
Preceded byChristine Lagarde
President of the World Bank Group
Acting
1 February 2019 – 8 April 2019
Preceded byJim Yong Kim
Succeeded byDavid Malpass
Chief Executive of the World Bank Group
In office
2 January 2017 – 1 October 2019
On leave: 2 August 2019 – 1 October 2019
President
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byAnshula Kant (managing director)
Vice-President of the European Commission
In office
1 November 2014 – 31 December 2016
Serving with 6 European Commissioners
PresidentJean-Claude Juncker
Preceded by11 European Commissioners
Succeeded by8 European Commissioners
European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources
In office
1 November 2014 – 31 December 2016
PresidentJean-Claude Juncker
Preceded byJacek Dominik
Succeeded byGünther Oettinger
European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response
In office
9 February 2010 – 1 November 2014
PresidentJosé Manuel Barroso
Preceded byKarel De Gucht
Succeeded byChristos Stylianides
Personal details
Born
Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva

(1953-08-13) 13 August 1953 (age 70)
Sofia, Bulgaria
SpouseKino Kinov
Children1
Alma materUniversity of National and World Economy (BA, MA, PhD)
Signature
Georgieva speaking at the 2024 World Economic Forum

Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova (Bulgarian: Кристалина Иванова Георгиева-Кинова; née Georgieva; born 13 August 1953)[1] is a Bulgarian economist serving as the 12th managing director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019, and the first person from an emerging market economy to lead the institution. Born in Sofia, her university education was at London School of Economics (LSE), followed by a return to her native Bulgaria where she witnessed some of the economic hardships of the post-Communist transition.[2] She began her career by teaching economics, becoming a prominent figure in the field. [3]

Georgieva launched her international public service career at the World Bank Group in 1993, as one of the early thinkers on sustainable development and environmental policies. During her first period at the Bank, she played a key role in helping to phase out leaded gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe,[4] directing policies on infrastructure and urban development, and supporting fragile and conflict-affected countries.[5]

Serving as European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid, and Crisis Response from 2010 to 2014, Georgieva directed EU resources to aid those affected by crises including the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[6]

From 2014 to 2016, as Vice-President of the European Commission for Budget and Human Resources, she managed the EU's budget and staff, through the aftermath of the Euro Area debt crisis and during the 2015 refugee crisis.[7]

As the first Chief Executive Officer of the World Bank from 2017 to 2019,[8] Georgieva led significant reforms[9] and secured the largest funding increase in the Bank’s history, totaling $13 billion.[8] She also served as Acting President of the World Bank Group in 2019.[10]

At the IMF, Georgieva has helped steer the global economy through the COVID-19 pandemic, providing $1 trillion in liquidity and reserves,[11] integrating climate considerations into IMF policies, and increasing financial and policy support to vulnerable countries. She was reappointed for a second term in 2024.[12]

Georgieva has been hailed for her work on gender equality and climate change.[13] She is recognized as one of the most influential women globally, ranking 12th on Forbes’ List of the Most Powerful Women in 2023.[14]

Early life and education

[edit]

Georgieva was born in Sofia to, Ivan Stefanov Georgiev, a road worker and civil engineer,[3] and Marinka Petrova Mihailova, a shop-keeper.[2] Her great-grandfather was a prominent Bulgarian revolutionary, Ivan Karshovski.[15][16]

Georgieva holds a PhD in Economics and an MA in Political Economy and Sociology from the Karl Marx Higher Institute of Economics (now called University of National and World Economy) in Sofia.[17][18] Her thesis was on "Environmental Protection Policy and Economic Growth in the USA".

Georgieva was one of the first Bulgarian economists to study in the West before the Berlin Wall fell. In 1990 she published the first textbook in the Bulgarian language on microeconomics, explaining, in simple terms, how a market economy works.[3] She was a post-doctoral research fellow in natural resource economics and environmental policy at the London School of Economics from 1987 to 1988,[19] a Fulbright fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,[20][21] and a visiting professor in Fiji at the University of the South Pacific.[3][22]

Georgieva is fluent in Bulgarian, English, and Russian, and also speaks some French.[23]

Public service career

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World Bank (1993–2010)

[edit]

Georgieva joined the World Bank Group in 1993 as an environmental economist for Europe and Central Asia. In 1997, Georgieva helped manage the team that helped phase out leaded gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe.[4] From 2004 to 2007 she was the institution's director and resident representative in the Russian Federation, based in Moscow. In 2007, she returned to Washington DC to become Director for Sustainable Development[24] in charge of policy and lending operations in infrastructure, urban development, agriculture, environment, and social development, including support to fragile and conflict affected countries.

She was appointed Vice President and Corporate Secretary in 2008.[25] In this role, she served as the interlocutor between the World Bank Group’s senior management, its Board of Directors, and its shareholder countries.[23] During that time, she worked on the bank's governance reform and accompanying capital increase.[26] In January 2010, Georgieva announced her intention to resign from this post to join the European Commission.[27]

European Commission (2010 – 2016)

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Georgieva’s confirmation hearing took place at the European Parliament on 4 February 2010. She faced questions on her suitability for the portfolio. Georgieva identified Haiti as a priority,[28] especially the need to provide shelter and health services and to restore the functions and services of the government, so as to start work on reconstruction and long-term development.

Other key issues raised in discussions with MEPs included improving co-ordination within the EU (and within the European Commission), and between humanitarian and military players in order to meet the dual challenge posed by expanding needs and shrinking budgets. The need to improve the effectiveness of EU actions and for better response capacity had also been stressed, together with the establishment of the European Voluntary Humanitarian Corps.[29]

Georgieva was given a warm response by MEPs, with Labour MEP Michael Cashman praising her “honesty and deep breadth of knowledge”. She was applauded by committee members when she told British Conservative MEP Nirj Deva that she would stand up for the interests of the EU and be an independent mind.[30]

Ivo Vajgl, a Liberal MEP, also praised her, saying: "let me compliment you on your peaceful manner and the confidence you are exuding today".[31] Her performance at the hearing was widely publicized in Bulgaria and broadcast live on many national media, where it was seen as a question of the restoration of national honor following Jeleva's unsuccessful hearing.[32]

The second college of the Barroso Commission, including Georgieva, was approved by the European Parliament on 9 February 2010 by a vote of 488 to 137, with 72 abstentions,[33] and she took office the following day.[34]

European Commission Vice President for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response 2010 – 2014

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In this role, Georgieva worked to direct the available EU resources towards helping people in need: those caught up in humanitarian crises and those affected by disasters ranging from catastrophic earthquakes to pollution spills.[35] Immediately after taking office she took responsibility for coordinating the EU’s humanitarian response to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and as a result the EU became the primary humanitarian donor.[36]

Georgieva tripled funding for the refugee crisis in Europe.[37][26] She launched the European Emergency Response and Coordination Centre to strengthen the EU’s disaster response capacity by focusing on preparedness and prevention.[35]

She was involved in coordinating the EU response to the earthquake in Chile and the floods in Pakistan. Amid the Southeast Europe floods in May 2014, Georgieva coordinated post-disaster assistance and helped prepare Serbia's request for aid of as much as 1 billion euros ($1.4 billion) a year.[38]

In May 2015, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed her and Nazrin Shah of Perak as co-chairs of the High-Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing, an initiative aimed at preparing recommendations for the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit.[26] The High Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing secured the adoption of a much more effective system to meet the needs of record numbers of vulnerable people.

European Commission Vice President for Budget and Human Resources (2014 – 2016)

[edit]

In 2014, news media reported that the ambassadors of several Western EU countries early on indicated their countries' support for Georgieva to be nominated for the incoming Juncker Commission, indicating that she might get the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.[39]

Her candidacy had been uncertain because of political infighting in Bulgaria. The collapse of the socialist government, however, cleared the path for her nomination. By August, Georgi Bliznashki, Bulgaria's interim prime minister, announced her candidacy to replace Britain's Catherine Ashton.[40]

Incoming European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker instead assigned the post of Vice-President for Budget and Human Resources to Georgieva, with experienced EU civil servant Florika Fink-Hooijer as her Chef de Cabinet. She was thus the most senior technocrat in the Juncker Commission, the only one of the seven vice-presidents never to have served as a national minister.[41]

In this role, sometimes referred to as the Commission’s Chief Operating Officer,[42] she oversaw the EU’s €161 billion budget, 33,000 staff,[43] and reporting to the European Parliament, the council and the European Court of Auditors on how the budget of the European Union is spent. Within months of taking her new position, Georgieva was able to negotiate a several-billion-dollar budget increase for 2014.[44]

Georgieva set up the European Solidarity Corps in December 2016 which replaced the European Voluntary Service. Georgieva also worked to increase the representation of women in the Commission’s senior and middle management.[45]

World Bank (2017 – 2019)

[edit]

After running for Secretary-General of the United Nations, on 28 October 2016, the World Bank announced that Georgieva would become the first CEO of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association starting on 2 January 2017.[46][47]

On 21 April 2018, World Bank shareholders endorsed an ambitious package of measures that included a $13 billion paid-in capital increase, a series of internal reforms, and a set of policy measures that greatly strengthened the global poverty-fighting institution's ability to scale up resources and deliver on its mission in areas of the world that needed the most assistance.[48] Georgieva played a key role in securing this increase, the largest in the bank's history.[37]

On 7 January 2019, it was announced that World Bank Group President Kim would be stepping down and Georgieva would assume the role of Interim President of the World Bank Group on 1 February 2019.

In October 2021, the International Monetary Fund's executive board initiated an investigation that Georgieva manipulated the Doing Business Report in 2018 during her tenure as World Bank chief.[49] The board later determined that the investigation “did not conclusively demonstrate” that she acted wrongly, and expressed confidence in Georgieva's leadership.[49]

A 2021 independent inquiry of the World Bank's Doing Business reports by the law firm WilmerHale found that Georgieva instructed staff to alter data to inflate the rankings for China.[50][51][52]

International Monetary Fund (2019 – Present)

[edit]

On 29 September 2019, Georgieva was named managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), to succeed Christine Lagarde (who was leaving to become President of the European Central Bank). Georgieva was the only candidate for the job and the first person from an emerging economy to serve in the position.[53] IMF tradition was that candidates could not be older than 65 at the start of their term, but following pressure from French President Emmanuel Macron, the rule was waived for Georgieva.[53]

Georgieva's 5-year term began on 1 October 2019.

Soon, she led the institution’s $1 trillion response[54] to the COVID-19 pandemic and cost-of-living crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This included lending to nearly 100 countries[55] and the allocation of $650 billion of Special Drawing Rights,[56] the IMF’s reserve asset. Low-income countries received debt relief[57] and a five-fold increase in lending.[58]

Amid the pandemic, she co-founded and co-chaired the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics for Developing Countries.[59] The Task Force worked to support delivery of COVID-19 tools to low-and middle-income countries and to mobilize relevant stakeholders and national leaders to remove critical finance and trade roadblocks.

Georgieva led the creation of the $40 billion IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust, and moved to integrate climate into the Fund’s work more broadly.[60]

In a fraught geopolitical atmosphere, Georgieva increased the IMF’s work on the impacts of geoeconomic fragmentation.[61] To shore up the Fund’s finances, she brokered agreement on the IMF’s 16th quota review[62] and completed a round of fundraising for the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PGRT), which supports the IMF’s concessional lending operations.[63]

She has also increased the IMF’s support to members on women’s economic empowerment and emerging areas of macroeconomic policy, such as the digitalization of finance and generative artificial intelligence.

On 12 April 2024, Georgieva was reappointed by the IMF executive board to serve for a second five-year term. She was the sole candidate.[64][65]

Other activities

[edit]

European Union institutions

[edit]

Non-profit organizations

[edit]

Recognition

[edit]

Personal life

[edit]

Georgieva is married to Kino Kinov. They have one daughter and two grandchildren.[86]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Who is Kristalina Georgieva?". FOCUS News Agency. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  2. ^ a b David J. Lynch,"IMF chief cites her life behind Iron Curtain in warning of new Cold War". washingtonpost.com. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d "A Life of Pursuit of Service". imf.org. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b "PHASING OUT LEAD FROM GASOLINE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE (p. vii refers to KG as the manager)" (PDF). documents1.worldbank.org. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva - Full CV" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  6. ^ Naharnet Newsdesk,"Haiti is Recovering, Leader Tells Quake Ceremony". naharnet.com. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva Managing Director, International Monetary Fund". bruegel.org. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  8. ^ a b Xin En Lee,"Meet the first CEO of the World Bank: She's made the bank the strongest it's ever been financially". cnbc.com. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  9. ^ Sophie Edwards,"The World Bank's new CEO Kristalina Georgieva lays out her vision for an agile bank". devex.com. 17 April 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva becomes interim president". timeline.worldbank.org. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  11. ^ "IMF deploys $1 trillion in global liquidity, reserves". newbusinessethiopia.com. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva to head IMF for a second term". ft.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Bulgaria's Georgieva climbs from communism to IMF head hopeful". reuters.com. 3 August 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  14. ^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". forbes.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  15. ^ James Politi & Kerin Hope,"Kristalina Georgieva: a tenacious talent to lead the IMF". ft.com. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  16. ^ "Кристалина Георгиева би могла да се пребори и за по-престижен ресор" [Kristalina Georgieva could fight for a more prestigious portfolio]. Mediapool.bg. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  17. ^ Voice, European (3 November 2010). "Kristalina Georgieva – Globetrotting economist". POLITICO.
  18. ^ Georgakakis, Didier (30 August 2017). European Civil Service in (Times of) Crisis: A Political Sociology of the Changing Power of Eurocrats. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-51792-6. Retrieved 26 March 2023 – via Google Books.
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  20. ^ Lilov 2013, pp. 276–277.
  21. ^ "Executive Director visits Bulgaria for Commission Anniversary and the European University Institute in Florence (to promote Fulbright-Schuman)". fulbrightschuman.eu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  22. ^ VLADISLAV VELEV, "Kristalina Georgieva – Globetrotting economist", politico.eu, 11 March 2010.
  23. ^ a b "Kristalina Georgieva CV" (PDF). European Union.
  24. ^ "Meet Kristalina Georgieva, Bulgarian economist who has emerged IMF's new MD". businessamlive.com. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  25. ^ "MANAGING DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. FORMER VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR BUDGET & HR Kristalina Georgieva". commission.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  26. ^ a b c Secretary-General Appoints High-Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing United Nations Secretary-General, press release of 21 May 2015.
  27. ^ "World Bank appoints Kristalina Georgieva as vice president". AFX News Limited. 22 February 2008. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  28. ^ "Dazzling Bulgarian EU nominee wows Parliament". euractiv.com. 4 February 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  29. ^ "MEPs quiz new Bulgarian candidate Kristalina Georgieva". European Parliament. 3 February 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  30. ^ "Democracy Live – European Parliament". BBC. 3 February 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  31. ^ Joshua Chaffin (4 February 2010). "Bulgaria's nominee well-received by MEPs". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  32. ^ "Коментари за изслушването на Кристалина Георгиева като кандидат-комисар – Портал ЕВРОПА" [Comments on the hearing of Kristalina Georgieva as candidate-commissioner - EUROPA Portal]. Europe.bg. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  33. ^ Miller, John W. (9 February 2010). "EU Approves New Commission". The Wall Street Journal/Associated Press. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  34. ^ Toby Vogel (11 February 2010). "New team takes office". European Voice. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
  35. ^ a b "Commissioner Georgieva – portfolio" (PDF). ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  36. ^ "HAITI ONE YEAR ON: Europe's action in Haiti". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  37. ^ a b Xin En Lee, "Meet the first CEO of the World Bank: She’s made the bank the strongest it’s ever been financially", cnbc.com, 13 July 2018.
  38. ^ Gordana Filipovic (20 May 2014), Serbia Appeals for Worldwide Assistance After Deadly Floods Bloomberg Business.
  39. ^ EU heavyweights advise Bulgaria to nominate Georgieva for Ashton's job EurActiv, 26 June 2014.
  40. ^ Christian Oliver (6 August 2014), Bulgarian commissioner nominated for EU foreign policy post Financial Times.
  41. ^ Toby Vogel (2 October 2014), Georgieva catches committee mood European Observer.
  42. ^ QUENTIN ARIÈS AND MAÏA DE LA BAUME,"Commission threatens hiring 'freeze' on men if more women don't get top jobs". politico.eu. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  43. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva - Managing Director, International Monetary Fund". bruegel.org. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  44. ^ Benjamin Oreskes (4 November 2015), Georgieva's UN job mission Politico Europe.
  45. ^ MAÏA DE LA BAUME,"Georgieva: Commission needs more women in top jobs". politico.eu. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  46. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva Appointed Chief Executive Officer of IBRD/IDA". The World Bank. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  47. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva Appointed Chief Executive Officer of IBRD/IDA". World Bank.
  48. ^ "World Bank Group Shareholders Endorse Transformative Capital Package", worldbank.org,21 April 2018.
  49. ^ a b Rappeport, Alan (12 October 2021). "Kristalina Georgieva will remain managing director of the I.M.F., its board says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  50. ^ "Probe finds World Bank changed data to boost China ranking". Al-Jazeera. 17 September 2021.
  51. ^ "Georgieva pressured World Bank employees to favor China in report - ethics probe", reuters.com, 16 September 2021.
  52. ^ Rappeport, Alan (16 September 2021). "Inquiry finds World Bank officials, including now-I.M.F. chief, pushed staff to inflate China data". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  53. ^ a b "IMF names Kristalina Georgieva as new head". 25 September 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  54. ^ "IMF deploys $1 trillion in global liquidity, reserves". newbusinessethiopia.com. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  55. ^ "IMF Is Lending Near Record $150 Billion to Counter Debt and Wars". bloomberg.com. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  56. ^ "IMF Governors Approve a Historic US$650 Billion SDR Allocation of Special Drawing Rights". imf.org. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  57. ^ "IMF extends debt service relief for 25 countries". dw.com. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  58. ^ "Why IMF Lending Continues to Adapt". imf.org. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  59. ^ "Task force on Covid-19 vaccines". covid19taskforce.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  60. ^ "What is the IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust". brettonwoodsproject.org. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  61. ^ Kristalina Georgieva,Georgieva, Kristalina (22 August 2023). "The Price of Fragmentation". Foreign Affairs. 102 (5). foreignaffairs.com. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  62. ^ "IMF members approve 50% increase in quotas". centralbanking.com. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  63. ^ "IMF has reached goal to add $3 billion to trust fund for poorest countries, Georgieva says". reuters.com. 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  64. ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "IMF Confirms Kristalina Georgieva For Second 5-year Term". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  65. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva to head IMF for a second term". www.ft.com. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  66. ^ Appointment of the Members of the Appointment Advisory Committee European Investment Bank (EIB), press release of 6 February 2017.
  67. ^ World Economic Forum Appoints Two New Members to Board of Trustees World Economic Forum, press release of 24 January 2020.
  68. ^ "The Global Commission on Adaptation seeks to accelerate adaptation action and support. We believe that for all the challenges, greater resilience is achievable and in all of our interests.", gca.org.
  69. ^ World leaders unite under new initiative to provide quality education and training for young people Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Generation Unlimited, press release of 21 September 2018.
  70. ^ Governance Paris Peace Forum.
  71. ^ Members of the Council European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
  72. ^ a b c d Kristalina Georgieva: Declaration of interests European Commission.
  73. ^ Global Advisory Board Women Political Leaders Global Forum (WPL).
  74. ^ "Kristalina Georgieva - Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF)". blogs.worldbank.org. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  75. ^ "CEU Open Society Prize Winners". ceu.edu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  76. ^ "Power With Purpose". Power With Purpose. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  77. ^ "Top 100 Leaders from Multilateral Organisations: From Christine Lagarde to António Guterres, These Are the Most Influential People in the NGO Sphere". Richtopia. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  78. ^ Turp, Craig (20 May 2019). "Emerging Europe announces 2019 winners of its annual Remarkable Achievement Awards". Emerging Europe | News, Intelligence, Community.
  79. ^ 2019 Financial Services Dinner- Kristalina Georgieva Accepts The Foreign Policy Association Medal on YouTube published 19 March 2019 Foreign Policy Association
  80. ^ "Brussels Economic Forum 2023". ec.europa.eu. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  81. ^ Tu, Jessie (24 September 2020). "Meet the women on TIME's Most Influential List". Women's Agenda. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  82. ^ McGrath, Maggie. "50 Over 50: EMEA 2022". Forbes. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  83. ^ "Dr. Kristalina Georgieva Receives the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from AUBG". today.aubg.edu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  84. ^ "Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kristalina Georgieva - Doctor Honoris Causa of UNWE". unwe.bg. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  85. ^ Marco Della Corte,"Kristalina Georgieva receives the Ugo La Malfa Award for her contribution to international cooperation". notizie.it. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  86. ^ Lilov 2013, p. 276.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Bulgarian European Commissioner
2010–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded byas European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response
2010–2014 		Succeeded byas European Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development
Succeeded byas European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management
Preceded byas European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget European Commissioner for the Budget and Human Resources
2014–2017 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by President of the World Bank Group
Acting
2019 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
2019–present 		Incumbent
source: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva

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