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The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.[1]
Diplomatic history
[edit]Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978.[2] Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).[citation needed]
Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS.[3] In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia.[4] As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.[4]
Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).[5]
2009 ambassador recall
[edit]On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.[6] The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.[6]
The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies.[6][7][8] The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.[6][7]
No reason was stated for the recall.[7] The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008,"[7] raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.
In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).[9]
2021 coup d'etat
[edit]The September 5, 2021 coup d'etat brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others.[10][11][12] China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.[13]
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:
![]() | ||
---|---|---|
# | Country | Date |
1 | ![]() |
4 October 1958[14] |
2 | ![]() |
8 October 1958[15] |
3 | ![]() |
9 October 1958[16] |
4 | ![]() |
14 November 1958[17] |
5 | ![]() |
1958[18] |
6 | ![]() |
1958[19] |
7 | ![]() |
2 January 1959[20] |
8 | ![]() |
12 January 1959[21] |
9 | ![]() |
21 January 1959[22] |
10 | ![]() |
13 February 1959[23] |
11 | ![]() |
14 February 1959[24] |
12 | ![]() |
26 February 1959[25] |
13 | ![]() |
6 March 1959[26] |
14 | ![]() |
28 May 1959[27] |
15 | ![]() |
29 June 1959[28] |
16 | ![]() |
30 July 1959[29] |
17 | ![]() |
4 October 1959[30][31] |
18 | ![]() |
10 November 1959[32][33] |
19 | ![]() |
5 December 1959[34] |
20 | ![]() |
1959[35][36] |
21 | ![]() |
1959[37] |
22 | ![]() |
1959[38] |
23 | ![]() |
28 January 1960[39] |
24 | ![]() |
22 April 1960[40] |
25 | ![]() |
27 April 1960[41] |
26 | ![]() |
3 June 1960[42] |
27 | ![]() |
8 July 1960[43] |
28 | ![]() |
19 July 1960[44] |
29 | ![]() |
30 August 1960[45] |
30 | ![]() |
3 March 1961[46] |
31 | ![]() |
21 March 1961[47] |
32 | ![]() |
15 May 1961[48] |
33 | ![]() |
9 June 1961[49] |
34 | ![]() |
19 July 1961[50] |
35 | ![]() |
21 July 1961[51] |
36 | ![]() |
24 August 1961[52] |
37 | ![]() |
August 1961[53] |
38 | ![]() |
7 September 1961[54] |
39 | ![]() |
20 October 1961[55] |
40 | ![]() |
1 December 1961[56] |
41 | ![]() |
25 January 1962[57] |
42 | ![]() |
26 February 1962[58] |
43 | ![]() |
20 March 1962[59] |
44 | ![]() |
28 March 1962[60] |
45 | ![]() |
22 June 1962[61] |
46 | ![]() |
30 June 1962[62] |
47 | ![]() |
15 August 1962[63] |
48 | ![]() |
9 September 1962[64] |
49 | ![]() |
12 September 1962[65] |
50 | ![]() |
11 October 1962[66] |
51 | ![]() |
26 November 1962[67] |
52 | ![]() |
26 August 1963[68] |
53 | ![]() |
13 September 1963[69] |
54 | ![]() |
1963[70][71] |
55 | ![]() |
1963[72] |
56 | ![]() |
24 January 1964[73] |
57 | ![]() |
12 March 1964[74] |
58 | ![]() |
8 September 1964[75] |
59 | ![]() |
18 October 1964[76] |
60 | ![]() |
29 November 1964[77] |
61 | ![]() |
10 February 1965[78] |
62 | ![]() |
16 March 1965[79] |
63 | ![]() |
17 May 1966[80] |
64 | ![]() |
22 July 1966[81] |
65 | ![]() |
22 December 1966[82] |
66 | ![]() |
1966[83] |
67 | ![]() |
1966[84] |
68 | ![]() |
14 June 1967[85] |
69 | ![]() |
28 June 1967[86] |
70 | ![]() |
28 June 1967[87] |
71 | ![]() |
10 November 1967[88] |
72 | ![]() |
26 March 1968[89] |
73 | ![]() |
1 July 1968[90] |
74 | ![]() |
29 August 1968[91] |
75 | ![]() |
8 June 1970[92] |
76 | ![]() |
26 April 1971[93] |
77 | ![]() |
6 August 1971[94] |
78 | ![]() |
26 December 1972[95] |
79 | ![]() |
29 March 1973[96] |
80 | ![]() |
29 October 1973[97] |
81 | ![]() |
1973[98] |
82 | ![]() |
5 January 1974[99] |
83 | ![]() |
12 February 1974[100] |
84 | ![]() |
4 September 1974[101] |
85 | ![]() |
8 January 1975[102] |
86 | ![]() |
30 January 1975[103] |
87 | ![]() |
25 June 1975[104] |
88 | ![]() |
8 July 1975[105] |
89 | ![]() |
11 November 1975[106] |
90 | ![]() |
30 October 1976[107] |
91 | ![]() |
1977[108] |
92 | ![]() |
1977[109] |
93 | ![]() |
1977[110] |
94 | ![]() |
7 August 1978[111] |
95 | ![]() |
1978[112] |
96 | ![]() |
2 January 1979[113] |
97 | ![]() |
1 November 1979[114] |
98 | ![]() |
30 March 1980[115] |
99 | ![]() |
30 April 1980[116] |
100 | ![]() |
17 February 1981[117] |
101 | ![]() |
11 August 1981[118] |
102 | ![]() |
15 October 1981[119] |
103 | ![]() |
8 October 1982[120] |
104 | ![]() |
10 January 1983[121] |
105 | ![]() |
8 April 1983[122] |
106 | ![]() |
15 April 1983[123] |
107 | ![]() |
5 July 1983[124] |
108 | ![]() |
27 February 1985[125] |
— | ![]() |
21 June 1986[126] |
— | ![]() |
24 June 1986[127] |
109 | ![]() |
1 January 1988[128] |
110 | ![]() |
30 September 1988[129] |
111 | ![]() |
6 August 1991[130] |
112 | ![]() |
10 February 1992[131] |
113 | ![]() |
16 February 1992[132] |
114 | ![]() |
11 March 1992[133] |
115 | ![]() |
4 April 1992[134] |
116 | ![]() |
4 April 1992[135] |
117 | ![]() |
4 April 1992[136] |
118 | ![]() |
27 April 1992[137] |
119 | ![]() |
27 August 1992[138] |
120 | ![]() |
12 February 1993[139] |
121 | ![]() |
16 March 1993[140] |
122 | ![]() |
6 June 1993[141] |
123 | ![]() |
24 June 1993[142] |
124 | ![]() |
27 December 1993[143] |
124 | ![]() |
1993[144] |
125 | ![]() |
16 February 1995[145] |
126 | ![]() |
2 June 1995[146] |
127 | ![]() |
9 April 1996[147] |
128 | ![]() |
11 December 1996[148] |
129 | ![]() |
17 January 1997[149] |
130 | ![]() |
28 November 1997[150] |
131 | ![]() |
8 December 1997[151] |
132 | ![]() |
31 July 1998[152] |
133 | ![]() |
18 September 2002[153] |
134 | ![]() |
14 May 2004[154] |
135 | ![]() |
2004[155] |
136 | ![]() |
28 August 2006[156] |
137 | ![]() |
28 August 2006[157] |
138 | ![]() |
17 November 2006[158] |
139 | ![]() |
20 April 2007[159] |
140 | ![]() |
19 June 2007[160] |
141 | ![]() |
28 September 2007[161] |
142 | ![]() |
1 October 2007[162] |
143 | ![]() |
30 June 2008[163] |
144 | ![]() |
27 January 2011[164] |
145 | ![]() |
11 August 2011[165] |
146 | ![]() |
8 September 2015[166] |
147 | ![]() |
11 December 2015[167] |
148 | ![]() |
24 February 2016[168] |
149 | ![]() |
20 April 2016[169] |
150 | ![]() |
12 May 2016[170] |
151 | ![]() |
6 June 2017[171] |
152 | ![]() |
8 February 2019[172] |
— | ![]() |
20 February 2020[173] |
153 | ![]() |
Unknown |
154 | ![]() |
Unknown |
155 | ![]() |
Unknown |
156 | ![]() |
Unknown |
157 | ![]() |
Unknown |
— | ![]() |
Unknown |
158 | ![]() |
Unknown[174] |
159 | ![]() |
Unknown |
160 | ![]() |
Unknown |
Bilateral relations
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004[155]
|
![]() |
26 February 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.[58] |
![]() |
28 March 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1962[60] |
![]() |
29 August 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye[91] |
![]() |
4 October 1959 | See China–Guinea relations
The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 4, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.[31]China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.[13] |
![]() |
11 August 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1981 when Ambassador of Guinea M. Moussa Doumbouya, has presented his credentials to President of Comoros M. Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane.[118] |
![]() |
1 July 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1968 when Guinea's Ambassador to the Congo Republic, M. Fily Sissoko, presented his credentials to President Massamba-Debat.[90] |
![]() |
21 March 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1961[47],was were broken in September 1973 and re-established on 14 April 1978[179] |
![]() |
21 January 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1959 and appointed M. Nobi Youla as first ambassador of Guinea to France and M. Francis Hure appointed as charge d'affaires of France to Guinea[22] |
![]() |
30 July 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1959[29]
|
![]() |
1958 |
|
![]() |
10 January 1983 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1983 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Haiti (resident in New York) Mr. Alpha Ibrahima Diallo presented his credentials to President Jean Claude Duvalier[121] |
![]() |
27 April 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960[41]
|
![]() |
12 January 1959 | See Guinea–Israel relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1959.[21] Guinea broke off diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967[184] They resumed diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016[185] |
![]() |
6 March 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure.[26] |
![]() |
1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.[144]
|
![]() |
25 January 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1962[57] |
![]() |
18 September 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Guinea to Namibia Mr. Alexandre CeCe Loua.[153] |
![]() |
8 October 1958 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1958[15]
|
![]() |
28 June 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967 when Guinean ambassador to Rwanda M. Fily Cissoko, has presented his credentials to President Kiyibanda.[87] |
![]() |
10 November 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1959[32][33]
|
![]() |
20 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1961 when Mr. Abdoul Karim , Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Guinea presented his credentials to President Sekou Toure.[55] |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
28 August 2006 |
|
![]() |
24 August 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1961 when first Guinean Ambassador to Sudan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Seydou Diallo, presented his credentials to Presidenr Abbud[52] |
![]() |
11 October 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1962[66] |
![]() |
22 July 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1966 when the Guinean Ambassador to Uganda, M. B. Biro, presented his credentials to President Obote.[81] |
![]() |
2 June 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1995[146] |
![]() |
28 May 1959 | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Guinea established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 28 May 1959.[27]
Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[194] and the World Trade Organization. |
![]() |
13 February 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1959[23]
See Guinea – United States relations Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance. After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years. The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d'etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea's presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform."[195] However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'etat, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, [which] could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea's other international partners to support the country..."[10][11]
|
![]() |
9 October 1958 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1958[16]
|
![]() |
10 November 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1967 when the first Guinean Ambassador to Zambia , Mr. Fily Cissoko , presented his credentials to President Kaunda[88] |
![]() |
30 April 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.[116] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Background Note: Guinea, US Department of State, February 2009
- ^ "Guinea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 31 January 2022.
1978年,几分别与塞内加尔和科特迪瓦重新互派大使并签订友好合作条约。
- ^ ECOMOG: peacekeeper or participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998
- ^ a b Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "UNHCR Global Report 2004 - Guinea". UNHCR. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
- ^ Status of US Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs). Coalition of the International Criminal Court
- ^ a b c d Sillah, Alhassan (6 May 2009). "Guinea recalls 30 ambassadors, from US to China". Seattle Times. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Guinea junta recalls 30 ambassadors". The Tocqueville Connection. 2009-05-06. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "World Digest". Hometown Annapolis. 6 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
- ^ Ambasador Gvineje švercovao cigarete
- ^ a b "Guinea coup leader bars foreign travel for government officials," Reuters News Service, retrieved September 6, 2021
- ^ a b "On the Military Seizure of Power in Guinea," September 5, 2021, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021
- ^ "West African leaders suspend Guinea from Ecowas following coup," September 9, 2021, BBC News, retrieved September 9, 2021
- ^ a b "China Is OK With Interfering in Guinea's Internal Affairs,", September 8, 2021, Foreign Policy retrieved September 9, 2021
- ^ "Today marks 65 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between our country and the Republic of Guinea". MFA Russia. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ a b "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). ncnk.org. p. 3. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Republic of Guinea". vietnam.gov.vn. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Directory of Albanian Officials. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1988. p. 43.
- ^ a b c Giant Stride Forward: Republic of Guinea, First Year of Freedom. The Embassy of Guinea to the United States. 1959. p. 18.
- ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ a b The Israel Digest of Press and Events in Israel and the Middle East Volumes 1-3. Israel Digest. 1958. p. 4.
- ^ a b Chronologie internationale supplément bi-mensuel aux Notes et études documentaires (in French). France. Direction de la Documentation. 1959. p. 28.
- ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Guinea". history.state.gov. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Pavol Petruf (2007). "Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992" (PDF) (in Slovak). p. 104. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Lajos Gecsényi. Diplomaták a változó világban Főkonzulok, követek és nagykövetek 1945-1990 (in Hungarian). 2015.
- ^ a b The African & Colonial World and the Indian at Home & Overseas Volume 7. Independent Publishing Company. 1959. p. 11.
- ^ a b Foreign Office, Great Britain. (1964). The Foreign Office List and Diplomatic and Consular Year Book for ... Vol. 137. Harrison and Sons. p. 485.
- ^ "Guinée". gov.pl (in French). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Guinea: Überblick". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Peter Cheng. A Chronology of the People's Republic of China from October 1, 1949. 1972.
1959 October 4 : It was announced in Peking that diplomatic relations between Guinea and the PRC had been established
- ^ a b Directory of Officials of the People's Republic of China Volumes 7-13. National Foreign Assessment Center. 1978. p. 72.
- ^ a b Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1959. p. 18.
- ^ a b G. Fischer, L. Focsaneanu, J. F. Juilliard. "Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1960 / 6 /". persee.fr (in French). p. 1085. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 5 dicembre 1959, n. 1382 Istituzione in Conakry (Guinea) di un'Ambasciata e di una Cancelleria consolare alle dipendenze della stessa". Gazzetta Ufficiale (in Italian). Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Ahmed Sékou Touré (1959). L'action politique du Parti démocratique de Guinée (in French). Présence Africaine. p. 129.
Liste de messieurs les chefs des missions diplomatiques accredites aupres de la Republique de Guinee au 1er Juillet 1959: ... Ambassadeur de la République Arabe - Unie : S. E. M. NAGUIB HAMED EL SADR
- ^ Ten Years of Progress and Development, 1952-1962. United Arab Republic. Maṣlaḥat al-Istiʻlāmāt. 1962. p. 19.
In 1959: a) Established diplomatic representations with Guinea at Embassy level
- ^ "SEM. Driss ISBAYENE, Ambassadeur du Maroc en Guinée, Sierra Leone et Liberia « La constance du soutien de la Guinée à notre cause nationale a toujours été exemplaire et même légendaire »". Maroc Diplomatique (in French). 28 December 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Ahmed Sékou Touré (1959). L'action politique du Parti démocratique de Guinée (in French). Présence Africaine. p. 129.
Liste de messieurs les chefs des missions diplomatiques accredites aupres de la Republique de Guinee au 1er Juillet 1959: ... Ambassadeur des Pays - Bas : S. E. M. LOUIS NOE
- ^ Belgisch staatsblad Issues 52-78 (in French and Dutch). 1960. p. 1830.
- ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ a b News from Hsinhua News Agency Daily bulletin · Issues 834-847. 1960. p. 65.
...Indonesia , Guinea to exchange ambassadors Conakry, April twentyseventh Chsinhua) - Indonesia and the Republic of Guinea decided to establish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level ...
- ^ Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 370.
- ^ Indian Information. 1960. p. 490.
- ^ "No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Cuba celebra el 62 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Guinea". Cancillería de Cuba (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ "Journal officiel de la République du Mali № 80 15 Mars 1961" (PDF) (in French). p. 247. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Allocution de sem Alassane Ouattara, a l'occasion du dejeuner offert en l'honneur de son excellence professeur Alpha Conde, President de la Republique de Guinee, en visite officielle en Cote d'Ivoire". presidence.ci (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 430. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ L'Afrique et l'Asie Issues 53-60 (in French). Université de Paris, Centre de hautes études administratives sur l'Afrique et de l'Asie modernes. 1961. p. 72.
9 Juin ... La veille, l'ambassadeur de Guinée au Sénégal , nouvellement nommé , avait présenté ses lettres de créance au président Senghor.
- ^ "Guinea". Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ a b Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 477.
- ^ Africa Trade and Development Volumes 2-4. 1960. p. 15.
August 1961 ... Nigeria and Guinea exchange ambassadors Mr. Camara Oumar Dinn is to be Ambas- sador to Nigeria on the recommendation of the President of Guinea , and Mr. Nathan- iel Adepayin Martins ...
- ^ Europe, France outremer Issues 371-381 (in French). 1960. p. 73.
... M. Léon Maka, ambassadeur de Guinée au Togo , et M. Anvar Marassoulovich Kouchkarov , ambassadeur de l'U.R.S.S . au Togo , ont présenté leurs lettres de créance au président Olympio.
- ^ a b Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 61.
- ^ "Kongelig dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1963" (PDF) (in Danish). p. [22]. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Guinea". Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ a b Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 64.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 56-57. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 11. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 124-125. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 8. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 130-131. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 9. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Mokhtar Ould Daddah (2003). La Mauritanie contre vents et marées (in French). Karthala. p. 260.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 176-177. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 16.
- ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1962_8" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 18. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ a b Ahmet Emin Dağ. "Afrika Konusunda Türkiye'de Artan Akademik İlgi: Üniversite Tezleri Üzerinden Bir Analiz" (in Turkish). p. 4. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Sveriges statskalender / 1963 / Främmande makters beskickningar : Guinea" (in Swedish). p. 50. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 9. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ André Lewin (2009). Ahmed Sékou Touré, 1922-1984: 1958-1960 (chapitres 31 à 40): Sékou Touré ouvre Guinée sur le monde extérieur : les deux Allemagne, les Nations Unies, l'Afrique, la Chine et le pays d'Asie, les États-Unis, Israël (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 87.
... et que le 13 septembre 1963 , la Guinée et le Cameroun aient décidé d'établir des relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassadeurs ...
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