A kernel is a component of a computer operating system.[1] A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.
Comparison criteria
[edit]The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available operating system kernels. Please see the individual products' articles for further information.
Even though there are a large number and variety of available Linux distributions, all of these kernels are grouped under a single entry in these tables, due to the differences among them being of the patch level. See comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels — for example, real-time computing kernels — should be listed separately. There are also a wide variety of minor BSD operating systems, many of which can be found at comparison of BSD operating systems.
The tables specifically do not include subjective viewpoints on the merits of each kernel or operating system.
Feature overview
[edit]The major contemporary general-purpose kernels are shown in comparison. Only an overview of the technical features is detailed.
Transport protocol support
[edit]Kernel Name | TCP | UDP | SCTP | DCCP |
---|---|---|---|---|
DragonFly BSD kernel | Yes | Yes | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Optional |
Linux kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
NetBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
OpenBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | ? | ? |
Solaris kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Windows NT kernel | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
XNU | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Zircon | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
In-kernel security
[edit]In-kernel virtualization
[edit]Kernel Name | Container (no resource management, no security) | Container (no resource management) | Container (resource management) | Paravirtualization | Full virtualization | User-space execution | Kernel as Library | Kernel as Kernel Driver | Hypervisor-Enforced Kernel Partitioning |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linux | chroot | LXC | Virtio, Hyper-V (guest only), Xen (guest only), VMI (guest only), kvm-lite, lguest | KVM | UML | (LKL) | (coLinux) | No | |
DragonFly BSD kernel | chroot | jail | No | No | vkernel | ? | ? | No | |
FreeBSD kernel | chroot | jail | Virtio, Xen (guest only) | BHyVe (KVM) | ? | ? | ? | No | |
NetBSD kernel | chroot | (sysjail (discontinued)) | No | Virtio and Xen | No | ? | Rump kernel | ? | No |
Solaris kernel | chroot | Solaris Containers / Zones | No | No | No | ? | ? | No | |
Windows NT kernel | AppContainers, Job Objects, Windows Server Containers | Hyper-V | Project Drawbridge | No | Virtual Secure Mode, Device Guard, Credential Guard[16] | ||||
XNU | chroot | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
In-kernel server support
[edit]Kernel Name | HTTP | FTP | NFS | CIFS | Name server | Transport-layer load balancer | Application-layer load balancer | 9P | TLS proxy | WAF | Memcached server |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linux kernel | (TUX web server patch) | (TUX web server patch) | knfsd | ksmbd | ? | IP Virtual Server | (KTCPVS) | (patch available) | SOL_TLS[17] | (Tempesta FW)[18] | (kmemcached) |
DragonFly BSD kernel | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | No | ? | ? |
FreeBSD kernel | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Solaris kernel | ? | ? | Yes | Yes[19] | ? | Yes[20] | Yes[20] | ? | KSSL | ? | ? |
Windows NT kernel | HTTP.sys | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? |
XNU | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Binary format support
[edit]A comparison of OS support for different binary formats (executables):
Kernel Name | a.out | ECOFF | ELF | FDPIC ELF binaries (mmu less) |
flat binaries (superH) |
HUNK | Mach-O | Misc (wrapper based, like interpreters) |
PE | SOM (PA-RISC, HP-UX) |
NLM | PEF | DOS COM | MZ | LE | LX | NE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amiga Exec | No | No | Yes[21] | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
DragonFly BSD kernel | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
HP-UX kernel | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Linux kernel | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Some[22] | Yes | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
MINIX 3 kernel | Some[9][10] | No | Yes[8] | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
NetBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
OpenBSD kernel | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
ReactOS kernel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Solaris kernel | Yes[23] | No | Yes[24] | No | No | No | No | No | Some[25] | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows NT kernel | No | No | Yes with WSL | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes on x86 | Yes on x86 | ? | ? | Yes on x86 |
XNU | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
File system support
[edit]Physical file systems:
Kernel | Acorn ADFS | Amiga FFS | APFS | BeFS | BFS | cramfs | EFS | ext2 | ext3 | ext4 | F2FS | FAT | FreeVxFS | HFS | HFS+ | HPFS | ISO 9660 | JFFS | JFFS2 | JFS | MINIX fs | NSS | NTFS | OCFS | QNX4 FS | System V FS | UDF | UFS | XFS | ZFS | ReiserFS | Reiser4 | Btrfs | HAMMER | Tux3 | exFAT | ReFS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DragonFly BSD kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | limited write | No | No | No | read only | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | limited write | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | read only | Yes | read only | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
Linux kernel | Yes [26] |
Yes | No | read only | Yes | Yes | read only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | read only | Yes | limited write (only with empty journal) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (Full R/W with additional userspace driver)[27] |
Yes | Yes [26] [28] |
write support? | Yes | Yes [26] |
Yes | both FUSE and native | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
MINIX 3 kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Tools available, cannot mount | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
NetBSD kernel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
NetWare kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
OpenBSD kernel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
ReactOS kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes [29] |
Yes [29] |
Yes [29] |
No | Yes [29] |
No | No | No | No | Yes [29] |
No | No | No | No | No | Read only | No | No | No | Yes [29] |
No | No | No | No | No | Yes [30] |
No | No | No | No |
Solaris kernel | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
Windows NT kernel | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes [31] |
Yes [32] |
Yes [32] |
No | Yes | ? | Yes [33] |
Yes [33] |
No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | No | No | No | Yes [30] |
No | No | Yes | Yes |
XNU | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes [34] |
Yes [34] |
No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Read-Only | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | read only | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Networked file system support
[edit]Kernel Name | NFS | AFS | CIFS | Coda | 9P | Ceph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DragonFly BSD kernel | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Linux kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
NetBSD kernel | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
OpenBSD kernel | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Solaris kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Windows NT kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
XNU | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Supported CPU instruction sets and microarchitectures
[edit]kernel | HP | Softbank, ARM Holdings |
Intel | MIPS | IBM | Renesas Electronics | Oracle | NXP | Analog Devices | Xilinx | Cadence | Canon, Axis Comm. |
Socionext | Microchip, Atmel |
CML, Hyperstone |
Intel, Altera |
WDC | Sunplus Technology | NVIDIA | TI | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAX | Alpha | PA-RISC | ARM | x86 | i960 | IA-64 | MIPS
|
PowerPC | S/390 | z/Arch | H8300 | M16C | M32R | 78K | V850 | SuperH
|
SPARC | m68k | Blackfin (no-mmu) | MicroBlaze | Xtensa | ETRAX CRIS | FR-V | MN10300 | AVR32 | E1 (no-mmu) | Nios (no-mmu) | Nios II | WDC 65C816 | S+core | Tilera | C6X | |||||||||||
mmu | no-mmu | x86 | x86-64 | mmu | no-mmu | 32-bit | 64-bit | mmu | no-mmu | 32-bit | 64-bit | no-mmu | mmu | no-mmu | mmu | no-mmu | mmu | no-mmu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
DragonFly BSD kernel | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | No | 6.4 and below only[35] | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | 10.4 and below only[35] | projected to end in 14.x[35] | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | 12.x and below only[35] | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Linux kernel | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 4.16 and below only[36] | No | 2.6 and below only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4.16 and below only[36] | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4.16 and below only[36] | 4.16 and below only[36] | 4.16 and below only[36] | 4.12 and below only | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | 4.16 and below only[36] | 4.16 and below only[36] | Yes |
MINIX 3 kernel | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | In progress | No | No | In progress | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
NetBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No[37] | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No[37] | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No[37] | Yes | Yes | No[37] | Yes | No[37] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
NetWare kernel | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
OpenBSD kernel | last supported release 5.8[38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Rockbox kernel | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Solaris kernel | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows NT kernel | No | NT 5.0 RC1 and below only | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | XP and 2003-2008 R2 only | NT 4.0 and below only | No | NT 3.51 and NT 4.0 only | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Windows CE kernel | No | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
XNU | No | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
SPARTAN kernel | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
FreeRTOS kernel | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes[39] | ? | ? | No | Yes[39] | ? | ? | Yes[39] | Yes[39] | ? | Yes[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes[39] | Yes[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes[39] | ? | ? | ? | Yes[39] | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Zircon | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Supported GPU processors
[edit]Kernel name | Intel | NVIDIA | AMD | ARM | Qualcomm | Imagination Technologies | Broadcom | VeriSilicon |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intel HD/Iris Graphics | GeForce/Quadro/Tesla | Radeon | Mali | Adreno | PowerVR | VideoCore4 | Vivante | |
Linux kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2D only[40][41] | Yes | Yes |
Windows NT kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Windows Phone 8.x, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows on ARM | Yes[42] | No[43] | Yes |
XNU | via I/O Kit (macOS only) | via I/O Kit (macOS only) | No | via I/O Kit (iOS only) | No | No |
Supported kernel execution environment
[edit]This table indicates, for each kernel, what operating systems' executable images and device drivers can be run by that kernel.
Kernel name | Linux | Darwin | Windows NT | FreeBSD | NetBSD | Solaris | OSF/1 | Amiga Unix | SunOS | BSD/OS | iBCS2 systems | IRIX | Ultrix | NDIS | SVR4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FreeBSD kernel | Yes[44] | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes[44] | Yes[44] |
Linux kernel | Yes | No | (Longene) | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | (NDISwrapper) | No |
NetBSD kernel | Yes[45] | No? [3]? | No? [4]? | Yes[45] | Yes | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[45] | Yes[46] | Yes |
OpenBSD kernel | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | Yes |
Windows NT kernel | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
ReactOS kernel | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
XNU | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Supported cipher algorithms
[edit]This may be usable on some situations like file system encrypting.
Kernel name | DES | AES | Blowfish | Triple DES | Serpent | Twofish | CAST-128 | DES-X | IDEA | RC2 | RC5 | SEED | Skipjack | TEA | XTEA | CAST-256 | RC4 | Camellia | Anubis | KHAZAD | Salsa20 | FCrypt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DragonFly BSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
FreeBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Windows NT kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
macOS XNU Kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Supported compression algorithms
[edit]This may be usable on some situations like compression file system.
Kernel name | Deflate | zlib | LZO | LZJB | gzip | zstd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
NetBSD kernel | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
Solaris kernel | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? |
Supported message digest algorithms
[edit]Kernel name | CRC-32 (IEEE) | CRC32c | MD2 | MD4 | MD5 | SHA-1 | SHA-2 | SHA-3 | Michael MIC | Poly1305 | RIPEMD-128 | RIPEMD-160 | RIPEMD-256 | RIPEMD-320 | Tiger | Whirlpool | HMAC | MDC-2 | GOST | LASH | VMAC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linux | Yes[47][48] | Yes[49] | No | Yes[50] | Yes[51] | Yes[52] | Yes[53] | Partial[54] | Yes[55] | Yes[56] | Yes[57] | Yes[58] | Yes[59] | Yes[60] | Yes[61] | Yes[62] | Yes[63] | No | No | No | Yes[64] |
Solaris kernel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Windows NT kernel | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? |
FreeBSD kernel | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
XNU kernel | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Kernel name | CRC-32 (IEEE) | CRC32c | MD2 | MD4 | MD5 | SHA-1 | SHA-2 | SHA-3 | Michael MIC | Poly1305 | RIPEMD-128 | RIPEMD-160 | RIPEMD-256 | RIPEMD-320 | Tiger | Whirlpool | HMAC | MDC2 | GOST | LASH | VMAC |
Supported Bluetooth protocols
[edit]Kernel name | ACL | SCO | LMP | HCI | L2CAP | BNEP | RFComm. | SDP | TCP | AVTCP | AVDTP | OBEX | CMTP | HIDP | HCRP | CAPI | PPP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FreeBSD kernel | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Linux | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
macOS XNU Kernel | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Kernel name | ACL | SCO | LMP | HCI | L2CAP | BNEP | RFComm. | SDP | TCP | AVTCP | AVDTP | OBEX | CMTP | HIDP | HCRP | CAPI | PPP |
Audio support
[edit]Kernel name | Audio system | in-kernel mixer | in-kernel filter |
---|---|---|---|
Linux | ALSA | ? | ? |
Windows NT kernel | MME / WDM audio / Kernel Streaming (KS) | dropped (KMixer.sys) | KS Filters |
FreeBSD kernel | OSS API | VCHANs in OSS API | ? |
NetBSD kernel | native (Sun-like) / OSS API[65] | audio_system[66] | ? |
See also
[edit]- Comparison of open-source operating systems
- Comparison of Linux distributions
- Comparison of BSD operating systems
- Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of file systems
- Comparison of operating systems
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ "Kernel Definition". The Linux Information Project. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ IBM PC Real Time Clock should run in UT
- ^ The Amiga hardware lacked support for memory protection, so the strong isolation goals of the microkernel design could not be achieved.[citation needed]
- ^ "Chapter 14. Security". FreeBSD Handbook.
- ^ FreeBSD General Commands Manual –
- ^ a b c "The Fiasco microkernel - Status". Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ^ "Linux Kernel FAQ".
- ^ a b Supports ELF since version 3.2.0 "MinixReleases". Minix Wiki. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ a b a.out will be phased out in coming releases. van der Kouwe, Erik. "Re: ~Segmentation [Was: Minix3 for sparc]". Minix3 for sparc. Google Groups. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ a b Commit to remove a.out utils from minix; only supports running a.out now. Leca, Antoine. "3fb8cb760c9075fab05682b89b1542d66481ba58". minix.git. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ "Announcing NetBSD 5.0".
- ^ "Event Tracing". Microsoft Docs. 7 January 2021.
- ^ "IBM PC Real Time Clock should run in UT".
- ^ "Syn attack protection on Windows Vista, Windows 2008, Windows 7, Windows 2008 R2, Windows 8/8.1, Windows 2012 and Windows 2012 R2". June 2010.
SynAttack protection is enabled by default and cannot be disabled
- ^ "Elementary Information Security, Second Edition, Chapter 4 "Sharing Files"" (PDF). Section 4.4 "Microsoft Windows ACLs".
The ACLs used in Macintosh OS X and Sun's Solaris operating system are similar to those in Windows to ensure they work well together.
- ^ "Windows 10 Device Guard and Credential Guard Demystified". Ash's Blog. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
- ^ doc/Documentation/networking/tls.txt kernel.org
- ^ "Web security - tempesta-tech/tempesta Wiki". Tempesta Technologies INC. October 31, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
- ^ "OpenSolaris Project Weaves CIFS Server Into the Solaris Kernel". Archived from the original on 2008-05-22. Retrieved 2009-08-21.
- ^ a b Integrated Load Balancer
- ^ AmigaOS up to version 3.9 could use the ELF format for PowerPC executables and libraries through ppc.library, also known as PowerUP. AmigaOS 4, uses ELF as its native executable format.
- ^ The Linux kernel can recognize PE binaries through binfmt_misc and run them using Wine
- ^ to support SunOS 4.x binaries
- ^ including a Linux compatibility option
- ^ The Solaris kernel can PE using Wine
- ^ a b c experimental and dangerous write support
- ^ The only supported operation is overwriting existing files, without changing the file length so a loop file on a ntfs volume can be written; better write support can be achieved through ntfs-3g, although that is a FUSE filesystem and therefore not strictly a kernel feature
- ^ write support currently broken
- ^ a b c d e f ReactOS Wiki - File Systems
- ^ a b additional driver needed - see https://github.com/maharmstone/btrfs
- ^ additional driver needed - see http://www.fs-driver.org/
- ^ a b additional driver needed - see http://www.ext2fsd.com Archived 2012-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b additional driver needed
- ^ a b Third party module required. Mac OS X Kernel Module available here
- ^ a b c d "FreeBSD supported plattforms".
- ^ a b c d e f g Larabel, Michael (2 April 2018). "Linux Set To Shed Nearly 500k Lines Of Code By Dropping Old CPUs - Phoronix". Phoronix. Phoronix Media. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
The architectures on the chopping block for Linux 4.17 are Blackfin, CRIS, FRV, M32R, Metag, MN10300, Score, and Tile
- ^ a b c d e NetBSD Projects - Support for MMU-less systems
- ^ "OpenBSD/Vax".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Official FreeRTOS Ports, Amazon Web Services, Inc.
- ^ The GMA500 GPU has a PowerVR in it. The GMA500 Kconfig, mention that it is a 2D KMS driver.
- ^ There is also a driver for the dreamcast PowerVR but it is only a Framebuffer driver as explained in the fbdev Kconfig
- ^ Intel Atom integrated graphics card for Windows 8 tablet is based on a PowerVR
- ^ Raspberry VideoCore 4 support on Windows Microsoft doesn't have plan for OpenGL on UWP also Broadcom doesn't have plan for DirectX
- ^ a b c Linux emulation in FreeBSD - 2 A look inside...
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j NetBSD Binary Emulation
- ^ "Summer of Code:NDIS on NetBSD".
- ^ "Crc32_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Crc32.c « lib - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Crc32c_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Md4.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Md5.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Sha1_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Sha256_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Sha3_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Michael_mic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Poly1305_generic.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd128.c [dead link]
- ^ "Rmd160.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd256.c [dead link]
- ^ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd320.c [dead link]
- ^ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/tgr192.c [dead link]
- ^ "Wp512.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Hmac.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ "Vmac.c « crypto - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree".
- ^ Improving libossaudio, and the future of OSS in NetBSD. NetBSD Project. April 27, 2020
- ^ audio_system(9) - NetBSD Manual Pages. NetBSD Project