Child soldiers were used by the Khmer Rouge and other armed groups during the Cambodian Civil War, Cambodian genocide, and insurgent armed conflict into the late 1990s.^[1][2]

There is substantial evidence that tens of thousands of children were indoctrinated and forced to participate in warfare and commit atrocities by the Khmer Rouge.^[1] Other factions of the conflict also conscripted children. Child soldiers were used by the Lon Nol army in the Khmer Republic.^[3] In the 1990s, Licadho published reports of child soldiers within the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF).^[3] Members of the RCAF who joined as children were permitted to remain in the institution after civil conflict ended and they entered adulthood.^[1] Efforts at demobilisation of children took place in the 1990s.^[2] Former Khmer Rouge child soldiers received little state support in the 21st century.^[1]