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Polish Armed Forces |
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This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces participated or took place on Polish territory. From the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.
This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Polish victory
- Polish defeat
- Another result (e.g., a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Contents
Piast Poland[edit]
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands acquired in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Hungary, and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
964–972
|
Fights of Mieszko I in Western Pomerania
|
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Veleti
Wolinians
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Polish victory |
979 | Otto II's raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
981 | Polish raid on Pomerelia | ![]() |
Pomerelia | Polish victory |
981 | Rus raid on Cherven Cities | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
985 | Polish-Saxon invasion of Veleti | ![]() ![]() |
Veleti | Polish and Saxon victory |
988–990 | Polish-Bohemian War | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
992 | Polish-German invasion of Veleti | ![]() ![]() |
Veleti | Polish and German victory |
995 | Polish-German invasion of Obotrites | ![]() ![]() |
Obotrites | Polish and German victory |
1002–1018
|
Wars against Holy Roman Empire
|
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Peace of Bautzen |
1015–1016 | Cnut the Great's Conquest of England[1] | ![]() ![]() |
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Danish victory |
1015–1019
|
Boleslaw I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1028–1031
|
Polish-German War | ![]() ![]() |
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Victory for Bezprym |
1031–1032 | Pagan reaction in Poland | ![]() |
Pagans and magnates | Defeat of Bezprym |
1038–1047
|
Pagan reaction and popular uprising | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Miecław Pagans and magnats | Casimir I the Restorer's victory |
1038–1039 | Bretislaus I's raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1042 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1047 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1050 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1051 | Polish-German invasion of Hungary | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish-German victory |
1060 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1060 | Fights for the Hungarian throne | ![]() ![]() |
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Béla I's victory |
1063 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Pomerelia | ![]() |
Pomerelia | Polish victory |
1064 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | ![]() |
Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1069 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1072 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1074 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1074 | Civil war between Solomon king and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus | Géza's army![]() |
![]() ![]() Duchy of Bohemia |
Victory |
1076 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Hungary | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1077–1079 | Internal conflicts | ![]() |
Rebels and magnats | Bolesław II the Generous's defeat |
1086 | Hungarian raid on Kraków | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1090–1092
|
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1092 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1093–1100
|
Władysław Herman and Sieciech's fight against Zbigniew and Bolesław | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Władysław and Sieciech's defeat |
1099 | Władysław I Herman'a raid on Halych | ![]() |
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Indecisive |
1100 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | ![]() |
Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1101 | Cuman raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1103–1123
|
Fourteen Bolesław Wrymouth's raids on Pomerania | ![]() ![]() |
Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1103–1108 | Internal conflicts | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Bolesław III Wrymouth's victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1108–1109 | Three Pomeranians raids on Poland | ![]() |
Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1108 | Moravians raid on Silesia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Bohemia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1109 | Polish-German War | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1109–1114
|
Three Bolesław III Wrymouth's raids on Bohemia | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1110 | Zbigniew's and Bohemians raid on Silesia | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1110–1111 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1117 | Skarbimir's rebellion | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1121–1124
|
Fights in Rus' | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1120 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1126 | Hungarian raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1127 | Polish raid on Hungary | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1131–1134 | Six Bohemian raids on Silesia | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1132 | Bolesław III Wrymouth' raid on Hungary | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1135 | Fights in Rus' | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1144–1320
|
Battles during feudal fragmentation
|
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The weakening and internal breakdown of the country |
1139–1142 | Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' | ![]() |
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Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1144–1146 | Two Polish-Ruthenian raids on Halych | ![]() ![]() |
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Ruthenian and Polish victory |
1146 | Polish-German War | ![]() |
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Mieszko III the Old's victory |
1147 | Albert the Bear and Mieszko III the Old's crusade for Polabian Slavs | ![]() |
Polabian Slavs Veleti | The victory crusade |
1147 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | ![]() ![]() |
Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's victory |
1154–1155 | Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine | ![]() |
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Henry of Sandomir's victory |
1157 | Polish-German War | ![]() |
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Peace of Krzyszkowo |
1166 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1180 | Duke Wasylek's fight for Brześć | ![]() ![]() |
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Casimir II the Just's victory |
1182–1183
|
Casimir II the Just's fight for Brześć | ![]() |
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Casimir II the Just's victory |
1184 | Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Indecisive |
1187 | Ruthenian raid on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
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Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1189 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Halych | ![]() |
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Casimir II the Just's victory |
1194 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Yotvingians | ![]() |
Yotvingians | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1199 | Leszek I the White's raid on Halych | ![]() |
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Leszek I the White's victory |
1205 | Roman the Great's raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Leszek I the White's victory |
1207 | Leszek I the White's raid on Rus' | ![]() ![]() |
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Leszek I the White's victory |
1209–1211
|
First War For Lebus | ![]() ![]() |
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Henry I the Bearded and Władysław III Spindleshanks's victory |
1212 | Polish raid into Pomerania | ![]() |
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Polish victory
|
1214 | Leszek I the White's raid on Volodymyr-Volynskyi | ![]() ![]() |
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Leszek I the White's victory |
1215 | Hungarian raid on Poland | ![]() |
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Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1218–1221 | Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War | ![]() ![]() |
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Leszek I the White's defeat |
1219–1222
|
Three Old Prussians raids on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1222–1223 | Two polish raids on Old Prussians | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Polish defeat |
1225 | Prussian raid on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1225–1230 | Second War For Lebus | ![]() |
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Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians | ![]() ![]() |
Old Prussians | Polish-Teutonic victory |
1236–1237
|
Wars between Konrad I of Masovia and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | ![]() |
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Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1238–1240
|
Third War For Lebus | ![]() |
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Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland | ![]() ![]() |
Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1247–1252 | Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg | ![]() |
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Przemysł I's victory |
1248–1455 | Three raids on Yotvingians | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1259 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland | ![]() |
Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1260 | Bohemian-Hungarian War | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Bohemian victory |
1262 | Lithuanian raid on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
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Siemowit I of Masovia's defeat |
1264 | Fights against Yotvingians | ![]() |
Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1265–1278
|
Fights against Brandenburg | ![]() ![]() |
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Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1278 | Fights for Bohemian throne | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Przemysł II's defeat |
1280 | War between Leszek II the Black and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | ![]() |
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Leszek II the Black's victory |
1282–1283
|
Three Lithuanian-Yotvingian raids on Poland | ![]() |
Yotvingians
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Leszek II the Black's victory |
1287–1288
|
Third Mongol invasion of Poland | ![]() |
Mongol Empire | Polish victory
|
1291–1306
|
Six Vytenis's raids on Lesser Poland | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1296 | Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno | ![]() |
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Przemysł II's defeat |
1308 | Brandenburgian raid on Gdańsk | ![]() |
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Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1308 | Capture of Gdańsk by the Teutonic Knights | ![]() |
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Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1309 | Capture of Świecie by the Teutonic Knights | ![]() |
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Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1311–1312 | Rebellion of mayor Albert | ![]() |
Albert Burghers of Kraków | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1316 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland | ![]() |
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Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1323 | Polish-Hungarian raid on Ruthenia | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish-Hungarian victory |
1323 | Władysław I the Elbow-high raid on Płock | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1326–1329 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1326–1332
|
Polish–Teutonic War | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Indecisive |
1332 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Głogów | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1340–1392
|
Galicia–Volhynia Wars | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1343 | Fights for Wschowa | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1345–1348
|
Polish-Czech War | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Treaty of Namslau |
1352–1358 | Maćko Borkowic's confederation | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1355 | Teutonic raid on Masovia | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1359 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1368 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1370 | Branderburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1370 | Fights for Płock | ![]() |
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Polish defeat |
1375–1376
|
Fights against Władysław the White | ![]() |
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Polish victory |
1382–1385 | Greater Poland Civil War | ![]() |
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Victory of the Nałęcz clan |
1381–1385 | Siemowit IV's fight for Polish throne | ![]() ![]() |
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Polish victory |
Jagiellon Poland[edit]
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth[edit]
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
19th century and World War I[edit]
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
Modern history[edit]
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side. Later, at the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against Islamic terrorism on the NATO side.
See also[edit]
- History of the Polish Army
- List of wars
- Military of Poland
- Polish-Teutonic Wars
- Polish-Ottoman Wars
- Polish-Russian Wars
- Polish-Swedish wars
- List of Napoleonic battles
Notes[edit]
- ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, though most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon
- ^ also called Polish–Russian War of 1830–31
- ^ Russian and Polish historians tend to assign victory to their respective countries. Outside assessments vary, mostly between calling the result a Polish victory or inconclusive. Lenin, in his secret report to the 9th Conference of the Bolshevik Party on 20 September 1920, called the outcome of the war, "In a word, a gigantic, unheard-of defeat."
- ^ Lithuanian historiography: Spring 1919 – November 29, 1920 Polish historiography: September 1 – October 7, 1920
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Lawson (2004), p. 49.
- ^ Nicolle, p. 8
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 203–214.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 283–291.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 291–292.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 299–301.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 301–311.
- ^ Re-entered the war as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.
- ^ The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
- ^ Formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
- ^ Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
- ^ Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
- ^ Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
- ^ Virtually all of the Italian states, including the neutral Papal States and the Republic of Venice, were conquered following Napoleon's invasion in 1796 and became French satellite states.
- ^ The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 435–451.
- ^ Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
- ^ Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
- ^ Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
- ^ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
- ^ Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
- ^ Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
- ^ Sikorski (1972), pp. 469–490.
- ^ a b "Viện trợ của Trung Quốc đối với cuộc kháng chiến chống Pháp của Việt Nam". Retrieved August 19, 2015.
- ^ http://www.historycy.org/index.php?showtopic=36539&st=15 (in Polish)
- ^ http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2013/9311/pdf/DaoDucThuan_2013_02_05.pdf
- ^ "AfricanCrisis". AfricanCrisis. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
References[edit]
- Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
- Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
- Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
- Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
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