Northern Pashto | |
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Yusufzai | |
یوسفزئی پښتو | |
Native to | Pakistan, Afghanistan |
Region |
(Pakistan) Peshawar, Dir, Swat, Bajaur, Malakand, Nowshehra, Charsadda, Swabi, Hazara |
Ethnicity | Pashtun |
Native speakers
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21 million (2013)[1] |
Indo-European
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Pashto alphabet | |
Official status | |
Regulated by | Pashto Academy (Peshawar, Pakistan)[2] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | pbu |
Glottolog | nort2646 [3] |
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Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan Pashto Academy |
Native to |
Northern Pashto, sometimes known as Pekhawari Pashto after its principal subdialect, is a Northern dialect of Pashto spoken in northern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, including city of Peshawar and by most of the Khalil, Mohmand, Daoudzai, Chamkani, Afridi and shinwari, Bajawari and Yousafzai tribes.
Contents
Subdialects[edit]
Strictly speaking, Yusufzai is a subdialect of Northern Pashto. Other subdialects are Durani, Ghilzai, Ningraharian, Kohat, Afridi, Khalil, Mohmand, Shilmani, Shinwari, and Northwestern Pashto.
Phonology[edit]
Yusufzai Pashto has a difference in affricates: in other dialects t͡s, d͡z/z, ʒ, in Peshawari instead s, z, j. Such as in most Northern dialects, in Yusufzai is pronounced x and g instead southern ʂ, ʐ.
Dialects[4] | ښ | ږ | څ | ځ | ژ | ā | ū |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kandahari Pashto | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [t͡s] | [d͡z] | [ʒ] | [ɑ] | [u] |
Quetta Pashto | [ʃ] | [ʒ] | [t͡s] | [d͡z] | [ʒ, z] | [ɑ] | [u] |
Ghilji, central Pashto | [ç] | [ʝ] | [t͡s] | [z] | [ʒ, z] | [ɑ] | [u] |
Northern (Peshawari) Pashto | [x] | [ɡ] | [s] | [z] | [d͡ʒ] | [ɑ] | [u] |
Grammar[edit]
Peshawari pronouns are very simplifed, especially əğə (he, she) and muŋ/muŋg (we).
Pronouns | Kandahar | Quetta | Peshawar | Jalal-Abad | Meaning |
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زه | zə | zə | zə | zə | I |
ته | tə, реже təi | tə, реже təi | tə | tʰə, tə | you (sing) |
هغه | hağə | ağə | əğə | hağə | he |
هغه | hağe | ağə | əğə | hağe | she |
موږ/مونږ | mʊž̥ | mʊž/məž | muŋ/muŋg | muŋg | we |
تاسو/تاسې | tāse/tāsī | tāse/tāsī | tāso | tāso | you (pl) |
هغوی | hağwi/hağūi | ağwi/ağūi | ağʷi/ağʷəi | hağʷi/hağʷəi | they |
References[edit]
- ^ Northern Pashto at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ^ Sebeok, Thomas Albert (1976). Current Trends in Linguistics: Index. Walter de Gruyter. p. 705.
- ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Northern Pashto". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ^ Hallberg, Daniel G. 1992. Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4.
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