| Demographics of Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
| Population | 86,613,986 (2013 est.)(14th)[1] |
| Growth rate | 2.9% (2013 est.) (12th) |
| Birth rate | 33.5 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) [2] |
| Death rate | 7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 60 years (2013 est.) |
| • male | 57.73 years (2013 est.) |
| • female | 62.35 years (2013 est.) |
| Fertility rate | 4.6 children born/woman (2012 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) |
| Sex ratio | |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.) |
| Under 15 | 1.00 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
| 15–64 years | 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
| 65 and over | 0.95 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
| Nationality | |
| Major ethnic | See Ethnic Groups of Ethiopia |
| Language | |
| Official | See Languages of Ethiopia |
The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of Ethiopia's inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Contents
Ethnic groups[edit]
The country's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asiatic languages, mainly of the Semitic or Cushitic branches. The latter include the Oromo, Amhara, Tigray and Somali, which together make up three-quarters of the population.
Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities also inhabit the southern regions of the country, particularly in areas bordering South Sudan. Among these are the Mursi and Anuak.
Languages[edit]
There are 90 individual languages of Ethiopia according to Ethnologue,[1] with the 1994 Ethiopian census indicating that some 77 tongues were spoken locally. Most of these languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic family (Cushitic and Semitic). Omotic languages are also spoken, though their classification is uncertain. Additionally, Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken by the nation's Nilotic ethnic minorities.
Amharic 25.7% (as a first language), Afaan Oromo 31.6%, Somali 6.5%, Tigrinya 6.1%, Guragigna 3.5%, Sidamo 3.5%, other local languages; Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools),[2]
Amharic is the only official national language although Afaan Oromo enjoys almost equal number of native speakers. It was also the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Afaan Oromo and Tigrinya. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary schools.
Religions[edit]
Ethiopia is a multi-religious country. Most of the Christians live in the highlands, while the Muslims mainly inhabit the lowlands. Adherents of traditional faiths are primarily concentrated in the southern regions.
Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Protestant 18.6% (which include P'ent'ay and the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus), Muslim 33.9%, traditional (2.6%) Catholic 0.7%, all others 0.6%.[3] A small Ethiopian Jewish community also reside in the northern parts of the country although almost all of them have emigrated to Israel.[citation needed]
Population[edit]
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2011 | 82,101,998 | — |
| 2012 | 84,320,987 | +2.70% |
| 2013 | 86,613,986 | +2.72% |
Source: Central Statistical Agency (CSA)[4]
UN estimates[edit]
According to the 2010 revision of the UN's World Population Prospects, the total population was 82,950,000 in 2010, compared to 18,434,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 55.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.The average age is 25.1. [5]
| Total population (x 1000) | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 18 434 | 44.1 | 52.9 | 3 |
| 1955 | 20 298 | 43.9 | 53.3 | 2.8 |
| 1960 | 22 553 | 43.5 | 53.8 | 2.6 |
| 1965 | 25 480 | 43.5 | 53.9 | 2.6 |
| 1970 | 28 959 | 44.1 | 53.3 | 2.7 |
| 1975 | 32 959 | 44.5 | 52.7 | 2.8 |
| 1980 | 35 426 | 44.5 | 52.6 | 2.9 |
| 1985 | 41 078 | 44.6 | 52.6 | 2.9 |
| 1990 | 48 333 | 45.4 | 52.1 | 2.9 |
| 1995 | 57 042 | 45.9 | 51.2 | 2.9 |
| 2000 | 65 578 | 45.9 | 51.1 | 3.0 |
| 2005 | 74 264 | 44.5 | 52.4 | 3.1 |
| 2010 | 82 950 | 41.5 | 55.2 | 3.3 |
Structure of the population [6][edit]
Structure of the population (01.07.2008) (Estimates, Data refer to national projections) :
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 39 691 000 | 39 530 000 | 79 221 000 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 6 381 651 | 6 252 477 | 12 634 128 | 15,95 |
| 5-9 | 5 742 553 | 5 632 853 | 11 375 406 | 14,36 |
| 10-14 | 4 983 414 | 4 877 291 | 9 860 705 | 12,45 |
| 15-19 | 4 146 348 | 4 032 325 | 8 178 673 | 10,32 |
| 20-24 | 3 777 710 | 3 664 510 | 7 442 221 | 9,39 |
| 25-29 | 3 269 384 | 3 177 429 | 6 446 813 | 8,14 |
| 30-34 | 2 677 364 | 2 660 634 | 5 337 998 | 6,74 |
| 35-39 | 2 112 022 | 2 181 807 | 4 293 830 | 5,42 |
| 40-44 | 1 663 907 | 1 783 644 | 3 447 552 | 4,35 |
| 45-49 | 1 292 456 | 1 435 124 | 2 727 580 | 3,44 |
| 50-54 | 1 045 893 | 1 148 454 | 2 194 347 | 2,77 |
| 55-59 | 844 895 | 895 281 | 1 740 176 | 2,20 |
| 60-64 | 649 306 | 673 314 | 1 322 620 | 1,67 |
| 65-69 | 471 805 | 479 820 | 951 626 | 1,20 |
| 70-74 | 318 537 | 321 119 | 639 657 | 0,81 |
| 75+ | 313 753 | 313 917 | 627 670 | 0,79 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 17 107 618 | 16 762 621 | 33 870 239 | 42,75 |
| 15-64 | 21 479 287 | 21 652 523 | 43 131 810 | 54,44 |
| 65+ | 1 104 095 | 1 114 856 | 2 218 951 | 2,80 |
Structure of the population (DHS 2011) (Males 37 077, Females 39 219 = 76 296) :
| Age Group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 16,3 | 14,6 | 15,4 |
| 5-9 | 17,1 | 15,9 | 16,5 |
| 10-14 | 15,4 | 13,8 | 14,6 |
| 15-19 | 9,3 | 11,0 | 10,2 |
| 20-24 | 7,7 | 8,3 | 8,0 |
| 25-29 | 7,1 | 8,5 | 7,8 |
| 30-34 | 4,9 | 5,4 | 5,1 |
| 35-39 | 5,1 | 5,1 | 5,1 |
| 40-44 | 3,7 | 3,4 | 3,5 |
| 45-49 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 |
| 50-54 | 2,1 | 3,2 | 2,7 |
| 55-59 | 1,7 | 2,7 | 2,2 |
| 60-64 | 2,1 | 1,8 | 1,9 |
| 65-69 | 1,8 | 1,1 | 1,5 |
| 70-74 | 1,2 | 1,1 | 1,1 |
| 75-79 | 0,7 | 0,5 | 0,6 |
| 80+ | 1,0 | 0,8 | 0,9 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 48,8 | 44,3 | 46,5 |
| 15-64 | 46,5 | 52,2 | 49,4 |
| 65+ | 4,7 | 3,5 | 4,1 |
UN projections[edit]
Below are the UN's medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[5]
- 2015 91,999
- 2020 101,046
- 2025 109,969
- 2030 118,514
- 2035 126,392
- 2040 133,466
- 2045 139,729
- 2050 145,187
Vital statistics[edit]
Registration of vital events in Ethiopia is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates: [5]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR | CDR | NC | TFR | IMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 956 000 | 580 000 | 377 000 | 49.4 | 29.9 | 19.5 | 7.17 | 199 |
| 1955-1960 | 1 027 000 | 572 000 | 455 000 | 47.9 | 26.7 | 21.2 | 6.90 | 181 |
| 1960-1965 | 1 155 000 | 565 000 | 589 000 | 48.1 | 23.5 | 24.5 | 6.90 | 160 |
| 1965-1970 | 1 298 000 | 594 000 | 704 000 | 47.7 | 21.8 | 25.9 | 6.87 | 148 |
| 1970-1975 | 1 450 000 | 638 000 | 812 000 | 46.8 | 20.6 | 26.2 | 6.81 | 140 |
| 1975-1980 | 1 579 000 | 676 000 | 902 000 | 46.2 | 19.8 | 26.4 | 6.76 | 135 |
| 1980-1985 | 1 804 000 | 794 000 | 1 011 000 | 47.2 | 20.8 | 26.4 | 6.94 | 140 |
| 1985-1990 | 2 145 000 | 850 000 | 1 295 000 | 48.0 | 19.0 | 29.0 | 7.06 | 127 |
| 1990-1995 | 2 501 000 | 913 000 | 1 588 000 | 47.5 | 17.3 | 30.1 | 7.00 | 115 |
| 1995-2000 | 2 694 000 | 932 000 | 1 763 000 | 43.9 | 15.2 | 28.7 | 6.48 | 101 |
| 2000-2005 | 2 713 000 | 908 000 | 1 805 000 | 38.8 | 13.0 | 25.8 | 5.60 | 87 |
| 2005-2010 | 2 619 000 | 822 000 | 1 797 000 | 33.3 | 10.5 | 22.9 | 4.60 | 72 |
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
Total Fertility rate in Ethiopia (Census 2007)[edit]
As per 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia [7]
| Region | Urban TFR | Rural TFR | Total TFR (U+R) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia (Country Total) | 2,220 | 4,650 | 4,160 |
| Tigray Region | 2,915 | 4,905 | 4,440 |
| Affar Region | 2,440 | 2,000 | 2,075 |
| Amhara Region | 2,135 | 4,540 | 4,175 |
| Oromia Region | 2,635 | 5,235 | 4,845 |
| Somali Region | 2,175 | 1,985 | 2,010 |
| Benishangul - Gumuz Region | 3,005 | 4,800 | 4,520 |
| S.N.N.P Region | 2,750 | 4,715 | 4,495 |
| Gambella Region | 2,725 | 2,930 | 2,885 |
| Harari Region | 1,725 | 4,725 | 2,885 |
| Addis Ababa City Administration | 1,485 | - | 1,485 |
| Dira Dawa City Administration | 2,155 | 5,455 | 2,985 |
| Region 17 | 3,210 | 2,585 | 2,845 |
Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)[edit]
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[8]
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 41,3 | 5,9 (4,9) | 30,7 | 3,3 (2,7) | 42,9 | 6,4 (5,4) |
| 2005 | 35,7 | 5,4 (4,0) | 23,4 | 2,4 (1,8) | 37,3 | 6,0 (4,5) |
| 2011 | 34,5 | 4,8 (3,0) | 26,4 | 2,6 (1,8) | 36,2 | 5,5 (3,4) |
According to 2011 official survey, total fertility rate was 4.8 with 2.6 in Urban and 5.5 in rural regions.[9] Total wanted fertility rate (TWFR) in Ethiopia is 3.0 children per woman, this suggests that the TFR is 60 percent higher than it would be if unwanted births were avoided.[9]
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics[edit]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Median age[edit]
Total: 16.8 years
Male: 16.5 years
Female: 17.1 years (2013 est.)
Net migration rate[edit]
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Note: The repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan (as refuges from war and famine) in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia to escape the fighting or famine in their own countries, est.)
Urbanization[edit]
urban population: 17% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sex ratio[edit]
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth[edit]
total population: 56.19 years
male: 53.64 years
female: 58.81 years (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS[edit]
adult prevalence rate 1.4% (2011 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS 980,000 (2007 est.)
deaths 67,000 (2006 est.)
Literacy[edit]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.7%
male: 50.3%
female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Ethnologue page on Ethiopian languages
- ^ (?The is nothing stated on the reference if 32.7% speakers of Amharic Language speak it as a first language-Additional reference please or correction please)The World Factbook, "Ethiopia." 2006. (The preliminary draft of the 2007 national census does not provide figures on language speakers.)
- ^ 2007 Ethiopian census, first draft, Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (accessed 6 May 2009) Archived February 14, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Central Statistical Agency
- ^ a b c Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
- ^ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ^ "Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys
- ^ a b http://measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR255/FR255.pdf
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2006 edition".
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