The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hejazi Arabic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-acw}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The romanization of the examples is based on the romanization system used on Wiktionary.
See Hejazi Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Urban Hejazi Arabic.
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The sounds [θ], [ð] and [ðˤ] in addition to the foreign [v] and [p] marked by an asterisk* are not used by all speakers.
The four allophones [ʒ], [q], [ɾ] and [ðˤ] usage depends on the speaker, but other allophones are shared by all speakers.
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c ⟨ذ⟩ represents /d/ as in ذيل /deːl/ & ذكر /dakar/ or /z/ as in ذكي /zaki/, but the classical phoneme /ð/ is still used as well depending on the speaker especially in words of English origin. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
- ^ a b ⟨ظ⟩ represents /dˤ/ as in ظفر /dˤifir/ & ظل /dˤilː/ or /zˤ/ as in ظرف /zˤarf/, but the classical allophone [ðˤ] is still used as well depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
- ^ a b the affricate /d͡ʒ/ ⟨ج⟩ and the trill /r/ ⟨ر⟩ are realised as a [ʒ] (English s in pleasure) and a tap [ɾ] respectively by a number of speakers or in a number of words.
- ^ The marginal phoneme /ɫ/ only occurs in the word الله /aɫɫaːh/ ('god') and words derived from it, such as يلا /jaɫɫa/ "come on", they contrast in والله /waɫɫa/ ('i swear') vs. ولَّا /walla/ ('or').
- ^ [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ ⟨ن⟩ before velar stops ⟨ق ,ك⟩ /k, ɡ/ as in اَنْكَب [aŋkab] or مِنقَل [mɪŋɡal], and [ɱ] is an allophone before ⟨ڤ ,ف⟩ /f, v/ as in قُرُنْفُل [gʊrʊɱfʊl].
- ^ a b c ⟨ث⟩ represents /t/ as in ثوب /toːb/ & ثواب /tawaːb/ or /s/ as in ثابت /saːbit/, but the classical phoneme /θ/ is still used as well depending on the speaker especially in words of English origin. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
- ^ [q] is an allophone of /ɡ/ ⟨ق⟩ as in اِسْتِقْلال [ɪstɪqlaːl] or [ɪstɪglaːl]. It occurs in a number of phrases and words due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic in the 20th century.
- ^ ⟨ظ⟩ represents /dˤ/ as in ظفر /dˤifir/ & ظل /dˤilː/ or /zˤ/ as in ظرف /zˤarf/, but the classical allophone [ðˤ] is still used as well depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
- ^ The phonemes /p/ and /v/ are only found in loanwords and they can be substituted by /b/ and /f/ respectively depending on the speaker
- ^ Word initial and medial /u/ is pronounced [ʊ] or less likely [o̞] as in حُب [ħʊb], but strictly pronounced [u] at the end of words as in قبو [gabu], and before /w/ as in هُوَّ [huwːa]. All are allophones of the phoneme /u/.
- ^ Word initial and medial /i/ is pronounced [ɪ] or less likely [e̞] as in سِرّ [sɪr], but strictly pronounced [i] at the end of words as in مدري [madri], and before /j/ as in هِيَّ [hijːa]. All are allophones of the phoneme /i/.
- ^ [ɑ] is an allophone for /aː/ and /a/ in some words such as ألمانيا [almɑːnja] ('Germany'), بابا [bɑːbɑ] ('dad') and يابان [jaːbɑːn] ('Japan').