The Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) scripts share a common background, collectively known as CJK characters. In the process called Han unification, the common (shared) characters were identified and named CJK Unified Ideographs. As of Unicode 14.0, Unicode defines a total of 92,865 CJK Unified Ideographs.[1]
The term ideographs is a misnomer, as the Chinese script is not ideographic but rather logographic.
Historically, Vietnam used Chinese characters too, so sometimes the abbreviation CJKV is used. Vietnamese use was replaced by the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet in the 1920s.
CJK Unified Ideographs blocks[edit]
CJK Unified Ideographs[edit]
The basic block named CJK Unified Ideographs (4E00–9FFF) contains 20,992 basic Chinese characters in the range U+4E00 through U+9FFF. The block not only includes characters used in the Chinese writing system but also kanji used in the Japanese writing system and hanja, whose use is diminishing in Korea. Many characters in this block are used in all three writing systems, while others are in only one or two of the three. Chữ Hán are also used in Vietnam's chữ Nôm (now obsolete). The first 20,902 characters in the block are arranged according to the Kangxi Dictionary ordering of radicals. In this system the characters written with the fewest strokes are listed first. The remaining characters were added later, and so are not in radical order.
The block is the result of Han unification,[2] which was somewhat controversial within East Asia.[3] Since Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters were coded in the same location, the appearance of a selected glyph could depend on the particular font being used. However, the source separation rule states that characters encoded separately in an earlier character set would remain separate in the new Unicode encoding.[4]
Using variation selectors, it is possible to specify certain variant CJK ideograms within Unicode. The Adobe-Japan1 character set, which has 14,683 ideographic variation sequences,[5] is an extreme example of the use of variation selectors.[6]
Charts[edit]
4E00-62FF, 6300-77FF, 7800-8CFF, 8D00-9FFF.
Sources[edit]
Note: Most characters appear in multiple sources, making the sum of individual character counts (102,698) far more than the number of encoded characters (20,992).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 China |
G0 | GB 2312-80 | 6,763 | 20,841 |
| G1 | GB 12345-90 | 2,202 | ||
| G3 | GB 7589-87 traditional form | 4,834 | ||
| G5 | GB 7590-87 traditional form | 2,841 | ||
| G7 | Modern Chinese general character chart (Simplified Chinese: 现代汉语通用字表) | 42 | ||
| G8 | GB 8565-88 | 199 | ||
| GCE | National Academy for Educational Research | 4 | ||
| GDM | Place name characters from the Public Order Administration, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China | 2 | ||
| GE | GB16500-95 | 3,772 | ||
| GFC | Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary (现代汉语规范词典第二版) | 2 | ||
| GGFZ | Tongyong Guifan Hanzi Zidian (通用规范汉字字典) | 1 | ||
| GH | GB/T 15564-1995 | 59 | ||
| GHZ | Hanyu Dazidian Ideographs (漢語大字典) | 1 | ||
| GHZR | 汉语大字典（第二版） | 1 | ||
| GK | GB 12052-89 | 89 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 16 | ||
| GKX | Kangxi Dictionary Ideographs (康熙字典) | 3 | ||
| GLK | 龍龕手鑑 | 1 | ||
| GT | Standard Telegraph Codebook (revised), 1983 | 8 | ||
| GZFY | Hanyu Fangyan Dacidian (汉语方言大词典) | 1 | ||
 Hong Kong |
H | Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, 2008 | 2,292 | 15,376 |
| HB0 | Computer Chinese Glyph and Character Code Mapping Table, Technical Report C-26 (電腦用中文字型與字碼對照表, 技術通報C-26) |
9 | ||
| HB1 | Big-5, Level 1 | 5,401 | ||
| HB2 | Big-5, Level 2 | 7,650 | ||
| HD | Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, 2016 | 24 | ||
 Japan |
J0 | JIS X 0208-1990 | 6,356 | 12,565 |
| J1 | JIS X 0212-1990 | 3,058 | ||
| J13 | JIS X 0213:2004 level-3 characters replacing J1 characters | 1,037 | ||
| J13A | JIS X 0213:2004 level-3 character addendum from JIS X 0213:2000 level-3 replacing J1 character | 2 | ||
| J14 | JIS X 0213:2004 level-4 characters replacing J1 characters | 1,704 | ||
| J3 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 | 95 | ||
| J3A | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 addendum | 7 | ||
| J4 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 4 | 301 | ||
| JARIB | ARIB STD-B24 | 3 | ||
| JMJ | Character Information Development and Maintenance Project for e-Government "MojiJoho-Kiban Project" (文字情報基盤整備事業) | 2 | ||
 Macau |
MA | HKSCS-2008 | 29 | 200 |
| MB1 | Big Five | 10 | ||
| MB2 | Big Five | 7 | ||
| MC | MCSCS Reference | 3 | ||
| MD | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 127 | ||
| MDH | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 24 | ||
 North Korea |
KP0 | KPS 9566-97 | 4,652 | 15,011 |
| KP1 | KPS 10721-2000 | 10,359 | ||
 South Korea |
K0 | KS C 5601-87 (now KS X 1001:2004) | 4,620 | 15,440 |
| K1 | KS C 5657-91 (now KS X 1002:2001) | 2,855 | ||
| K2 | PKS C 5700-1:1994 | 7,911 | ||
| K3 | PKS C 5700-2:1994 | 1 | ||
| K4 | PKS 5700-3:1998 | 4 | ||
| K6 | KS X 1027-5:2014 | 49 | ||
 Taiwan |
T1 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 1 | 5,413 | 18,383 |
| T2 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 2 | 7,650 | ||
| T3 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 3 | 4,144 | ||
| T4 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 4 | 894 | ||
| T5 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 5 | 64 | ||
| T6 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 6 | 31 | ||
| T7 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 7 | 16 | ||
| TB | CNS 11643-1992 plane 11 | 2 | ||
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 2 | ||
| TE | CNS 11643-1992 plane 14 | 9 | ||
| TF | CNS 11643-1992 plane 15 | 158 | ||
 Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 599 | 4,806 |
| V1 | TCVN 6056:1995 | 3,307 | ||
| V2 | VHN 01-1998 | 759 | ||
| V3 | VHN 02-1998 | 91 | ||
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
19 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 31 | ||
| n/a | UTC | UTC sources | 76 | 76 |
In Unicode 4.1, 14 HKSCS-2004 characters and 8 GB 18030 characters were assigned to between U+9FA6 and U+9FBB code points. Since then, other additions were added to this block for various reasons, all summarized in the version history section below.
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A (3400–4DBF) contains 6,592 additional characters in the range U+3400 through U+4DBF.
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Most characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (18,828) far more than the number of encoded characters (6,592).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
G3 | GB 7589-87 traditional form | 2,391 | 6,197 |
| G5 | GB 7590-87 traditional form | 1,226 | ||
| G7 | Modern Chinese general character chart | 120 | ||
| GGFZ | Tongyong Guifan Hanzi Zidian (通用规范汉字字典) | 2 | ||
| GHZ | Hanyu Dazidian Ideographs (漢語大字典) | 340 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 3 | ||
| GKX | Kangxi Dictionary Ideographs (康熙字典) | 1,889 | ||
| GS | Singapore Chinese characters | 226 | ||
| Hong Kong |
H | Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, 2008 | 572 | 572 |
| Japan |
J3 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 | 2 | 738 |
| J4 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 4 | 78 | ||
| JA | Japanese IT Vendors Contemporary Ideographs, 1993 | 574 | ||
| JA3 | JIS X 0213:2004 level-3 characters replacing JA characters | 17 | ||
| JA4 | JIS X 0213:2004 level-4 characters replacing JA characters | 67 | ||
| Macau |
MA | HKSCS-2008 | 4 | 12 |
| MD | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 8 | ||
| North Korea |
KP0 | KPS 9566-97 | 1 | 3,189 |
| KP1 | KPS 10721-2000 | 3,188 | ||
| South Korea |
K3 | PKS C 5700-2:1994 | 1,833 | 1,863 |
| K4 | PKS 5700-3:1998 | 2 | ||
| K6 | KS X 1027-5:2014 | 28 | ||
| Taiwan |
T3 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 3 | 2,179 | 5,916 |
| T4 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 4 | 2,919 | ||
| T5 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 5 | 399 | ||
| T6 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 6 | 200 | ||
| T7 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 7 | 133 | ||
| TE | CNS 11643-1992 plane 14 | 1 | ||
| TF | CNS 11643-1992 plane 15 | 85 | ||
 United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 2 | 2 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 140 | 319 |
| V2 | VHN 01-1998 | 149 | ||
| V3 | VHN 02-1998 | 19 | ||
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
5 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 6 | ||
| n/a | UTC | UTC sources | 20 | 20 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B (20000–2A6DF) contains 42,720 characters in the range U+20000 through U+2A6DF. These include most of the characters used in the Kangxi Dictionary that are not in the basic CJK Unified Ideographs block, as well as many Hán-Nôm characters that were formerly used to write Vietnamese.
Charts[edit]
20000-215FF, 21600-230FF, 23100-245FF, 24600-260FF, 26100-275FF, 27600-290FF, 29100-2A6DF.
Sources[edit]
Note: Many characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (74,136) far more than the number of encoded characters (42,720).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
G3 | GB 7589-87 traditional form | 1 | 30,498 |
| G4K | Siku Quanshu | 477 | ||
| GBK | Encyclopedia of China | 86 | ||
| GCH | Ci Hai (辞海) | 247 | ||
| GCY | Ci Yuan (辭源) | 66 | ||
| GFZ | Founder Press System | 65 | ||
| GGFZ | Tongyong Guifan Hanzi Zidian (通用规范汉字字典) | 5 | ||
| GHC | Hanyu Dacidian (漢語大詞典) | 553 | ||
| GHF | 漢文佛典疑難俗字彙釋與研究 | 1 | ||
| GHZ | Hanyu Dazidian Ideographs (漢語大字典) | 10,508 | ||
| GHZR | 汉语大字典（第二版） | 1 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 17 | ||
| GKX | Kangxi Dictionary Ideographs (康熙字典) | 18,471 | ||
| Hong Kong |
H | Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, 2008 | 1,703 | 1,703 |
| Japan |
J3 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 | 25 | 303 |
| J3A | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 addendum | 1 | ||
| J4 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 4 | 277 | ||
| Macau |
MA | HKSCS-2008 | 9 | 38 |
| MC | MCSCS Reference | 2 | ||
| MD | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 27 | ||
| North Korea |
KP1 | KPS 10721-2000 | 5,766 | 5,766 |
| South Korea |
K1 | KS C 5657-91 (now KS X 1002:2001) | 1 | 247 |
| K4 | PKS 5700-3:1998 | 166 | ||
| K6 | KS X 1027-5:2014 | 80 | ||
| Taiwan |
T3 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 3 | 25 | 30,192 |
| T4 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 4 | 3,408 | ||
| T5 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 5 | 8,111 | ||
| T6 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 6 | 5,934 | ||
| T7 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 7 | 6,299 | ||
| TA | 化學命名原則(第四版) (Chemical Nomenclature: 4th Edition) | 7 | ||
| TB | CNS 11643-1992 plane 11 | 6 | ||
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 1 | ||
| TF | CNS 11643-1992 plane 15 | 6,401 | ||
| United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 13 | 13 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 1,570 | 5,296 |
| V2 | VHN 01-1998 | 2,287 | ||
| V3 | VHN 02-1998 | 422 | ||
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
33 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 984 | ||
| n/a | SAT | SAT Daizōkyō Text Database | 1 | 80 |
| UTC | UTC sources | 79 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C (2A700–2B73F) contains 4,153 characters in the range U+2A700 through U+2B738. It was initially added in Unicode 5.2 (2009).
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (4,565) more than the number of encoded characters (4,153).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
GBK | Encyclopedia of China | 74 | 1,130 |
| GCH | Ci Hai (辞海) | 264 | ||
| GCY | Ci Yuan (辭源) | 1 | ||
| GCYY | Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping ideographs | 55 | ||
| GDM | Place name characters from the Public Order Administration, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China | 1 | ||
| GFZ | Founder Press System | 1 | ||
| GGFZ | Tongyong Guifan Hanzi Zidian (通用规范汉字字典) | 2 | ||
| GGH | Gudai Hanyu Cidian (古代汉语词典) | 51 | ||
| GHC | Hanyu Dacidian (漢語大詞典) | 14 | ||
| GHZ | Hanyu Dazidian Ideographs (漢語大字典) | 1 | ||
| GHZR | 汉语大字典（第二版） | 1 | ||
| GJZ | Commercial Press ideographs | 61 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 6 | ||
| GKX | Kangxi Dictionary Ideographs (康熙字典) | 6 | ||
| GXC | Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (现代汉语词典) | 25 | ||
| GZFY | Hanyu Fangyan Dacidian (汉语方言大词典) | 202 | ||
| GZJW | Collections of Bronze Inscriptions from Yin and Zhou Dynasties (殷周金文集成引得) |
365 | ||
| Hong Kong |
H | Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, 2008 | 1 | 1 |
| Japan |
JK | Japanese Kokuji Collection | 367 | 367 |
| Macau |
MC | MCSCS Reference | 16 | 20 |
| MD | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 4 | ||
| North Korea |
KP1 | KPS 10721-2000 | 8 | 8 |
| South Korea |
K5 | Korean IRG Hanja Character Set | 404 | 405 |
| K6 | KS X 1027-5:2014 | 1 | ||
| Taiwan |
T5 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 5 | 634 | 1,751 |
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 634 | ||
| TD | CNS 11643-1992 plane 13 | 766 | ||
| TE | CNS 11643-1992 plane 14 | 350 | ||
| United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 1 | 1 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 4 | 794 |
| V1 | TCVN 6056:1995 | 1 | ||
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
782 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 6 | ||
| n/a | UTC | UTC sources | 88 | 88 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D (2B740–2B81F) contains 222 characters in the range U+2B740 through U+2B81D that were added in Unicode 6.0 (2010).
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (229) more than the number of encoded characters (222).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
GCH | Ci Hai (辞海) | 1 | 78 |
| GIDC | ID System of the Ministry of Public Security of China | 32 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 2 | ||
| GXC | Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (现代汉语词典) | 4 | ||
| GZH | ZhongHua ZiHai (中华字海) | 39 | ||
| Japan |
JH | Hanyo-Denshi Program (汎用電子情報交換環境整備プログラム) | 107 | 107 |
| Taiwan |
TB | CNS 11643-1992 plane 11 | 24 | 24 |
| n/a | UTC | UTC sources | 20 | 20 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E (2B820–2CEAF) contains 5,762 characters in the range U+2B820 through U+2CEA1 that were added in Unicode 8.0 (2015).
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (5,819) more than the number of encoded characters (5,762).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
GBK | Encyclopedia of China | 15 | 2,820 |
| GCH | Ci Hai (辞海) | 112 | ||
| GCY | Ci Yuan (辭源) | 3 | ||
| GCYY | Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping ideographs | 98 | ||
| GDZ | Geology Press ideographs | 1 | ||
| GGFZ | Tongyong Guifan Hanzi Zidian (通用规范汉字字典) | 4 | ||
| GGH | Gudai Hanyu Cidian (古代汉语词典) | 175 | ||
| GHC | Hanyu Dacidian (漢語大詞典) | 7 | ||
| GIDC | ID System of the Ministry of Public Security of China | 36 | ||
| GJZ | Commercial Press ideographs | 147 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 2 | ||
| GKX | Kangxi Dictionary Ideographs (康熙字典) | 22 | ||
| GRM | People's Daily ideographs | 3 | ||
| GWZ | Hanyu Da Cidian Press ideographs | 12 | ||
| GXC | Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (现代汉语词典) | 57 | ||
| GXH | Xinhua Zidian (新华字典) | 4 | ||
| GZFY | Hanyu Fangyan Dacidian (汉语方言大词典) | 712 | ||
| GZJW | Collections of Bronze Inscriptions from Yin and Zhou Dynasties (殷周金文集成引得) |
1,410 | ||
| Japan |
JK | Japanese Kokuji Collection | 415 | 415 |
| Macau |
MC | MCSCS Reference | 48 | 51 |
| MD | MCSCS horizontal extensions | 3 | ||
| Taiwan |
T3 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 3 | 2 | 1,260 |
| TB | CNS 11643-1992 plane 11 | 1 | ||
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 323 | ||
| TD | CNS 11643-1992 plane 13 | 595 | ||
| TE | CNS 11643-1992 plane 14 | 339 | ||
| United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 2 | 2 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 6 | 1,035 |
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
1,027 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 6 | ||
| n/a | UCI | UTC sources | 236 | 236 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F[edit]
The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F (2CEB0–2EBEF) contains 7,473 characters in the range U+2CEB0 through 2EBE0 that were added in Unicode 10.0 (2017). It includes more than 1,000 Sawndip characters for Zhuang.
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (7,755) more than the number of encoded characters (7,473).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
GCY | Ci Yuan (辭源) | 122 | 1,309 |
| GFC | Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary (现代汉语规范词典第二版) | 27 | ||
| GIDC | ID System of the Ministry of Public Security of China | 1 | ||
| GKJ | Terms in Sciences and Technologies (科技用字) approved by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (CNCTST) | 5 | ||
| GLGYJ | Zhuang Liao Songs Research (壮族嘹歌研究) | 1 | ||
| GOCD | Oxford English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary (牛津英汉汉英词典) | 2 | ||
| GPGLG | Zhuang Folk Song Culture Series - Pingguo County Liao Songs (壮族民歌文化丛书•平果嘹歌) | 70 | ||
| GXHZ | Xinhua Da Zidian (新华大字典) | 51 | ||
| GZ | Ancient Zhuang Character Dictionary (古壮字字典) | 995 | ||
| GZJW | Collections of Bronze Inscriptions from Yin and Zhou Dynasties (殷周金文集成引得) |
33 | ||
| GZYS | Chinese Ancient Ethnic Characters Research (中国民族古文字研究) | 2 | ||
| Japan |
JMJ | Character Information Development and Maintenance Project for e-Government "MojiJoho-Kiban Project" (文字情報基盤整備事業) | 1,645 | 1,645 |
| South Korea |
KC | Korean History On-Line (한국 역사 정보 통합 시스템) | 1,793 | 1,793 |
| Macau |
MC | MCSCS Reference | 22 | 22 |
| Taiwan |
T3 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 3 | 1 | 3 |
| T6 | CNS 11643-1992 plane 6 | 1 | ||
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 1 | ||
| United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 2 | 2 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 1 | 17 |
| V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
8 | ||
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 8 | ||
| n/a | SAT | SAT Daizōkyō Text Database | 2,884 | 2,964 |
| UTC | UTC sources | 80 |
CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G[edit]
A block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G was added as part of Unicode 13.0 to the Tertiary Ideographic Plane in the range U+30000 through U+3134F, containing 4,939 characters.[9]
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (5,074) more than the number of encoded characters (4,939).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China |
GHZR | 汉语大字典（第二版） | 878 | 2,082 |
| GPGLG | Zhuang Folk Song Culture Series - Pingguo County Liao Songs (壮族民歌文化丛书•平果嘹歌) | 13 | ||
| GZ | Ancient Zhuang Character Dictionary (古壮字字典) | 1,191 | ||
| South Korea |
KC | Korean History On-Line (한국 역사 정보 통합 시스템) | 428 | 428 |
| Taiwan |
T13 | TCA-CNS 11643 19th plane (pending new version) | 347 | 353 |
| TB | CNS 11643-1992 plane 11 | 3 | ||
| TC | CNS 11643-1992 plane 12 | 2 | ||
| TD | CNS 11643-1992 plane 13 | 1 | ||
| United Kingdom |
UK | IRG N2107R2 | 1,566 | 1,566 |
| Vietnam |
V4 | Dictionary on Nom (Từ điển chữ Nôm) Dictionary on Nom of Tay ethnic (Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày) Lookup Table for Nom in the South (Bảng tra chữ Nôm miền Nam) |
6 | 76 |
| VN | Vietnamese horizontal extensions | 70 | ||
| n/a | SAT | SAT Daizōkyō Text Database | 329 | 569 |
| UTC | UTC sources | 240 |
CJK Compatibility Ideographs[edit]
The block named CJK Compatibility Ideographs (F900–FAFF) was created to retain round-trip compatibility with other standards. Only twelve of its characters have the "Unified Ideograph" property: U+FA0E, FA0F, FA11, FA13, FA14, FA1F, FA21, FA23, FA24, FA27, FA28 and FA29.[1] None of the other characters in this and other "Compatibility" blocks relate to CJK Unification.
Charts[edit]
Sources[edit]
Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (24) more than the number of encoded Unified characters (12).[7]
| Country or region | Code | Source[8] | Character count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan |
J3 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 3 | 3 | 8 |
| J4 | JIS X 0213:2004 Level 4 | 3 | ||
| JA | Japanese IT Vendors Contemporary Ideographs, 1993 | 1 | ||
| JA3 | JIS X 0213:2004 level-3 characters replacing JA characters | 1 | ||
| Taiwan |
TF | CNS 11643-1992 plane 15 | 1 | 1 |
| Vietnam |
V0 | TCVN 5773-1993 | 3 | 3 |
| n/a | UTC | UTC sources | 12 | 12 |
UTC Sources[edit]
The Ideographic Research Group (IRG) bears the formal responsibility of developing extensions to the encoded repertoires of unified CJK ideographs. The Unicode Consortium participates in this group as a liaison member of ISO. The characters submitted by the Unicode Technical Committee bear the prefix "UTC". All CJK Unified Ideographs in ISO/IEC10646 are required to have at least one source identifier. Changes to IRG source information, however, can leave a given ideograph without any such sources. In such cases, the ideograph is included in the U-source database to guarantee it has at least one source. Such ideographs are indicated by a source prefix of "UCI" instead of "UTC".[10]
The UTC sources consist of the following:
- ABC Chinese-English Dictionary by John DeFrancis
- The Adobe-CNS1 glyph collection
- The Adobe-Japan1 glyph collection
- A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of Chinese Birds (中国鸟类系统检索)
- The Great Nom Dictionary (Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm)
- Annotations to Shuowen Jiezi (annotated by Duan Yucai)
- GB18030-2000
- Required Character List Supplied by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Hong Kong)
- New Commercial Dictionary (商务新词典), Hong Kong
- Defect reports filed against the Unicode Standard or other direct communication with the Unicode editorial committee
- Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) documents
- Modern Chinese Dictionary (现代汉语词典), by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Linguistics Research Institute, Dictionary Editorial Office
- Working Group (WG2) documents
- Wenlin (文林) http://www.wenlin.com/
Known issues[edit]
Disunification[edit]
U+4039[edit]
The character U+4039 (䀹) was a unification of two different characters (one with jiā 夾 phonetic and one with shǎn 㚒 phonetic) until Unicode 5.0. However, they were lexically different characters that should not have been unified; they have different pronunciations and different meanings.
The proposal of disunification of U+4039[11] was accepted and the new character is encoded at U+9FC3 (鿃) in Unicode 5.1.[clarification needed]
Other 3 glyphs in Extension B[edit]
In CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, some characters are incorrectly unified with others. These characters include U+2017B (𠅻), U+204AF (𠒯) and U+24CB2 (𤲲). The first two characters contained a wrong unification of Chinese Mainland and Vietnamese source of their glyph, while the last one unifies the Chinese Mainland and Taiwanese ones.[12]
Unifiable variants and exact duplicates in Extension B[edit]
Also in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, hundreds of glyph variants were encoded.[13] In addition to the deliberate encoding of close glyph variants, six exact duplicates (where the same character has inadvertently been encoded twice) and two semi-duplicates (where the CJK-B character represents a de facto disunification of two glyph forms unified in the corresponding BMP character) were encoded by mistake:[14]
- U+34A8 㒨 = U+20457 𠑗 : U+20457 is the same as the China-source glyph for U+34A8, but it is significantly different from the Taiwan-source glyph for U+34A8
- U+3DB7 㶷 = U+2420E 𤈎 : same glyph shapes
- U+8641 虁 = U+27144 𧅄 : U+27144 is the same as the Korean-source glyph for U+8641, but it is significantly different from the Chinese Mainland-, Taiwan- and Japan-source glyphs for U+8641
- U+204F2 𠓲 = U+23515 𣔕 : same glyph shapes, but ordered under different radicals
- U+249BC 𤦼 = U+249E9 𤧩 : same glyph shapes
- U+24BD2 𤯒 = U+2A415 𪐕 : same glyph shapes, but ordered under different radicals
- U+26842 𦡂 = U+26866 𦡦 : same glyph shapes
- U+FA23 﨣 = U+27EAF 𧺯 : same glyph shapes (U+FA23 﨣 is a unified CJK ideograph, despite its name "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA23.")
Other CJK ideographs in Unicode, not Unified[edit]
Apart from the eight blocks of "Unified Ideographs," Unicode has about a dozen more blocks with not-unified CJK-characters. These are mainly CJK radicals, strokes, punctuation, marks, symbols and compatibility characters. Although some characters have their (decomposable) counterparts in other blocks, the usages can be different. An example of a not-unified CJK-character is U+3007 〇 IDEOGRAPHIC NUMBER ZERO in the CJK Symbols and Punctuation block. Although it is not covered under "CJK Unified Ideographs", it is treated as a CJK-character for all other intents and purposes.[15][16]
Four blocks of compatibility characters are included for compatibility with legacy text handling systems and older character sets:
- CJK Compatibility (3300–33FF)
- CJK Compatibility Forms (FE30–FE4F)
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs (F900–FAFF)
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (2F800–2FA1F)
They include forms of characters for vertical text layout and rich text characters that Unicode recommends handling through other means. Therefore, their use is discouraged.
Usually, compatibility characters are those that would not have been encoded except for compatibility and round-trip convertibility with other standards. However, the amount of CJK ideographs within any non-Unicode standard is too big to fit into Unicode's CJK Compatibility Ideographs blocks. Instead, code points are assigned when the affected characters are approved by the Unicode Consortium, but have yet to assign any code points within the CJK Unified Ideographs blocks.
Font support[edit]
The blocks CJK Unified Ideographs and CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A, being parts of the Basic Multilingual Plane, are supported by the majority of the CJK fonts. However, Japanese and Korean fonts usually have fewer characters (about 13,000 and 8,000, respectively) than Chinese. Extensions B, C, D are supported by additional fonts MingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB, PMingLiU-ExtB, SimSun-ExtB included in Microsoft Windows since Vista.[17]
Unicode version history[edit]
| Unicode version | Addition | Plane | Characters added | Total characters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 (1991) | CJK Unified Ideographs | Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) | 20,902 | 20,914 |
| CJK Compatibility Ideographs | BMP | 12 | ||
| 3.0 (1999) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | BMP | 6,582 | 27,496 |
| 3.1 (2001) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | Supplementary Ideographic Plane (SIP) | 42,711 | 70,207 |
| 4.1 (2005) | CJK Unified Ideographs: Ideographs from HKSCS-2004 and GB 18030-2000 not in ISO 10646 | BMP | 22 | 70,229 |
| 5.1 (2008) | CJK Unified Ideographs: Ideographs from Adobe Japan and disunification of U+4039 | BMP | 8 | 70,237 |
| 5.2 (2009) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C | SIP | 4,149 | 74,394 |
| 8 other characters from ARIB #47, #95, #93 and HKSCS | BMP | 8 | ||
| 6.0 (2010) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D | SIP | 222 | 74,616 |
| 6.1 (2012) | 1 character corresponding to Adobe-Japan1-6 CID+20156 | BMP | 1 | 74,617 |
| 8.0 (2015) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E | SIP | 5,762 | 80,388 |
| 9 other characters | BMP | 9 | ||
| 10.0 (2017) | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F | SIP | 7,473 | 87,882 |
| 21 other characters | BMP | 21 | ||
| 11.0 (2018) | CJK Unified Ideographs | BMP | 5 | 87,887 |
| 13.0 (2020) | CJK Unified Ideographs | BMP | 13 | 92,856 |
| CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | BMP | 10 | ||
| CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | SIP | 7 | ||
| CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G | Tertiary Ideographic Plane (TIP) | 4,939 | ||
| 14.0 (2021) | CJK Unified Ideographs | BMP | 3 | 92,865 |
| CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | SIP | 2 | ||
| CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C | SIP | 4 |
See also[edit]
- Han Unification
- List of Unicode characters
- List of CJK fonts
- Ideographic Research Group
- Chinese cultural sphere
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b "Unicode 15.0 UCD: PropList.txt". 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
- ^ The Unicode Standard 4.0, Appendix A - Han Unification History
- ^ Suzanne Topping, "The secret life of Unicode"
- ^ "Chapter 11 - East Asian scripts", The Unicode standard, 4.0.
- ^ "Ideographic Variation Database". 2020-11-06. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ^ PRI 108: Combined registration of the Adobe Japan1 collection and of sequences in that collection
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Unihan_IRGSources.txt (from Unihan.zip)". 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "UAX #38: Unicode Han Database (Unihan)". Unicode Consortium. 2021-08-26.
- ^ "Unicode 13.0.0". 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ Jenkins, John H. (2021-08-26). "UAX #45: U-source Ideographs". Unicode Consortium.
- ^ Andrew West and John Jenkins, proposal of disunification of U+4039
- ^ Eiso Chan (陈永聪), Comments on four error glyphs on CJK Unified Ideographs Ext B & E.[1]
- ^ unifiable glyph variants
- ^ Cook, Richard (6 October 2003). "Defect Report on Duplicate Encoded CJK Forms" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^ GB/T 15835-2011《出版物上数字用法》. China Guojia Biaozhun. https://journals.usst.edu.cn/uploadfile/file/GBT%2015835-2011%E3%80%8A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8B.pdf
- ^ "「〇」算不算汉字？ - 知乎". www.zhihu.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ Lunde, Ken (2009). CJKV Information Processing. O'Reilly. pp. 633–634. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.
External links[edit]
- UK-Source Ideographs (Documents IRG N2107R2 and IRG N2232R)
