Cannabis Ruderalis

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Cantonese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-yue}}, {{IPAc-yue}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Cantonese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Cantonese.

IPA Yale Jyutping Character English approximation
Non-syllabic consonants
f f 風 fan
h h 客 house
j y j 月 you
k syllable-initial g 家 scan
k̚ syllable-final k 識 doctor
kʰ syllable-initial k 卡 can
kʷ gw[1] 瓜 squeak
kʷʰ kw[2] 誇 quick
l l 落 leaf
m m 莫 moon
n n 男 noon
ŋ ng 牙 singing
p b 班 span
p̚ syllable-final p 濕 apt
pʰ syllable-initial p 拍 pan
s s 西 saw
t d 打 stand
t̚ syllable-final t 失 Atkins
tʰ syllable-initial t 拖 tan
ts[3] j z 將 cats
tsʰ[4] ch c 鏘 cats hissing
w w 活 water
Syllabic consonants
m̩ m 唔 rhythm
ŋ̩
ŋ̍ 		ng[5] 五 (syllabic ng)

All non-syllabic consonants except [p̚, t̚, k̚] may begin a
syllable, but some speakers do not have initial [n, ŋ].[6]
The six non-syllabic consonants [p̚, t̚, k̚, m, n, ŋ] may end a syllable.[7]

IPA Yale Jyutping Character English approximation
Vowels
aː aa,
syllable-final a		 aa 亞 father (Australian English)
aːi aai 界 time
aːu aau 交 how
ɐ non-syllable-final a a 甩 cut
ɐi ai 矮 Canadian price (see Canadian Raising)
ɐu au 歐 Canadian clout (see Canadian Raising)
ei ei 悲 hey
ɛː e 些 yes
ɛːu — eu 掉[8] roughly like yeah well
e i before k or ng 色 sick
iː i 意 see
iːu iu 橋 roughly like few
ou ou 奧 hoe (American English)
ɔː o 我 law
ɔːy oi 哀 roughly like boy; Häuser in German
œː eu before k or ng
or syllable-finally		 oe 靴 roughly like fur in British English; fleuve in French
ɵ eu before n or t eo 出 roughly like again but rounded
ɵy eui eoi 去 No English equivalent; like Japanese koi but rounded even at the end
o u before k or ng 福 look
uː u 烏 food
uːy ui 回 roughly like phooey; almost like nouille in French
yː non-syllable-initial yu[9] yu 於 No English equivalent; menu in French
IPA Yale Jyutping Tone number Character Description
Tones
síː sī si1[10] 1 詩 high level: siː˥
sîː sì 1b (7) 絲 high falling: siː˥˧
sǐː sí si2 2 史 mid rising: siː˧˥
sīː si si3 3 試 mid level: siː˧
si̭ː
sȉː 		sìh si4 4 時 low falling: siː˨˩
or very low: siː˩
si̬ː síh si5 5 市 low rising: siː˨˧
sìː sih si6 6 是 low level: siː˨
píːt̚ bīt bit1 7 (1) 必 high checked: piːt̚˥
sīːt̚ sit sit3 8 (3) 薛 mid checked: siːt̚˧
sìːt̚ siht sit6 9 (6) 蝕 low checked: siːt̚˨

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ [kʷ] is often merged with [k] before [ɔː] in Hong Kong Cantonese.
  2. ^ [kʷʰ] is often merged with [kʰ] before [ɔː] in Hong Kong Cantonese.
  3. ^ Often pronounced as /t͡ʃ/ (Hong Kong)
  4. ^ Often pronounced as /t͡ʃʰ/ (Hong Kong)
  5. ^ Some speakers replace [ŋ̩] by [m̩].
  6. ^ Non-syllabic initial [ŋ] is not pronounced in Hong Kong Cantonese by younger speakers, who replace it with a glottal stop [ʔ] before a, e, o. Also, initial [n] may be replaced by [l].
  7. ^ Non-syllabic final [ŋ] may be replaced by [n] in Hong Kong Cantonese except after [e, o]. [i, u] in diphthongs are equivalent to a final /j, w/. After rounded vowels, an i becomes [y].
  8. ^ [ɛːu] is pronounced only in colloquial speech.
  9. ^ Syllable-initial yu is [jo] before k or ng, and [jyː] otherwise.
  10. ^ The high level and high falling tones have merged to high level in Hong Kong Cantonese for most words.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Zee, Eric (1999), "Chinese (Hong Kong Cantonese)" (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
source: https://web.archive.org/web/20220223103543/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese

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