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"Industrial nation" redirects here. For the magazine, see Industrialnation.
For the investing classification, see Developed market.

  Developed countries
  Developing countries
  Undeveloped countries
  Data unavailable

The latest classifications sorted by the IMF[1] and the UN[2]

A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country, more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country[3][4]) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[5] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. A point of reference of US$20,000 in 2021 USD nominal GDP per capita for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a good point of departure, it is a similar level of development to the United States in 1960.[6]

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[7]

Definition and criteria[edit]

Countries by 2021 GDP (nominal) per capita[8]

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is income per capita; countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking for some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[9][10]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[11]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[12]

Similar terms[edit]

See also: Global North and Global South

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "'more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[13]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 different countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[14]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[15] Multinational corporations from these emerged markets present unique patterns to overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Country lists by various criteria[edit]

Human Development Index (HDI)[edit]

Main articles: Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index
Countries ranked in the "Very High" category of the Human Development Index (based on 2019 data, published in 2020)

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges a country's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

Many countries listed by IMF as "advanced", possess an HDI over 0.800, the threshold for "very high" human development. Many countries[Note 1] possessing an HDI of 0.800 and over are conversely listed by IMF as "advanced". Thus, many "advanced economies" are characterized by an HDI score of 0.800 or higher.[16]

The 2020 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme was released on 15 December 2020, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2019. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:[17][18]

  • Increase = increase.
  • Steady = steady.
  • Decrease = decrease.
  • The number in parentheses represents the number of ranks the country has climbed (up or down) relative to the ranking in the year of 2018.

As a non-UN member, the government of Taiwan calculates its own HDI based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[19][20] which had a value of 0.916 in 2019,[Note 2] ranked 23 globally. Additionally, while the HDI for the Chinese special administrative region of Hong Kong is calculated by the UNDP, it is not applicable for Macau. According to the 2021 annual report published by Statistical Bureau of Macau, Macau's HDI was estimated as 0.922 in 2019.[21] These values place both Taiwan and Macau well within the group of "Very high human development". Furthermore, in 2009 a United Nations project calculated the HDI for all of its members, as well as Taiwan, Macau, and many dependent territories. The HDI values for the countries of San Marino and Monaco, which have not been included in official annual HDI reports, were found to be at 0.961 and 0.956 respectively. This places both countries firmly within the category of countries with "Very high human development" as well. The dependent territories with HDI values equivalent to "Very high human development" were: Jersey, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Norfolk Island, Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, British Virgin Islands, Falkland Islands, Aruba, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Greenland, and Guam.[22] Of note, the HDI values in the 2009 report were calculated using the old HDI formula, while HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula.

High-income economies[edit]

Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA,[23] and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant.[why?][Note 3]

However, many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies".[16][24] The OECD's 37 members are known as the "developed countries club".[25][26][27] The World Bank identifies 81 "high income countries".[28] Other standards, such as the 30-50 Club (GDP per capita over $30,000 and population over 50 million) have been developed to categorize highly developed and influential countries.

World Bank high-income economies[edit]

Main articles: World Bank high-income economy and List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
World Bank high-income economies in 2019

According to the World Bank the following 80 countries and territories are classified as "high-income economies". As of the 2022 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $12,696 or more in 2020.[28]

36 countries and territories in Europe:

20 countries and territories in the Americas:

15 countries and territories in Asia:

eight countries and territories in Oceania:

one country in Africa:

nine former high-income economies:[29]

* Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the  Netherlands Antilles.

# Dissolved on 10 October 2010, succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

High-income OECD members[edit]

According to the World Bank, the following 34 members are classified as "OECD High-Income":[30][31]

26 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

Development Assistance Committee members[edit]

See also: Development Assistance Committee
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[32] a group of the world's major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[33] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

23 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies[edit]

  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 40 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[1][34] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version :[23]

28 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA :

Plusd

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.[23]

Paris Club members[edit]

Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2022)[edit]

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; OECD members; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank; and income per capita (purchasing power parity) higher than $22,000, according to the IMF.

Developed Countries
Countries HDI[18] OECD[35] IMF[36] WB[37] Per capita PPP[38]
2018
 Lithuania Yes since 2005 Yes since 2018 Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2011
2016
 Latvia Yes since 2005 Yes since 2016 Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013
2011
 Estonia Yes since 2003 Yes since 2010 Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2010
2010
 Israel Yes since 1991 Yes since 2010 Yes since 1997[39] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2004
 Slovenia Yes since 1998 Yes since 2010 Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2004
2009
 Czech Republic Yes since 2001 Yes since 1995 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2005
 Slovakia Yes since 2006 Yes since 2000 Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 2007
2005
 Portugal Yes since 2005 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1989[40] Yes since 1994 Yes since 2004
 South Korea Yes since 1999 Yes since 1996 Yes since 1997[41] Yes since 2001 Yes since 2005
2003
 Greece Yes since 2001 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1989[40] Yes since 1996 Yes since 2003
2000
 New Zealand Yes before 1990 Yes since 1973 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2000
1999
 Spain Yes since 1995 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
1997
 Finland Yes since 1994 Yes since 1969 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
 Ireland Yes since 1996 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
 United Kingdom Yes since 1992 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
1996
 Iceland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
1995
 Italy Yes since 1995 Yes since 1962 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1993
 Sweden Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1995
1994
 Australia Yes before 1990 Yes since 1971 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 Belgium Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 Canada Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 France Yes since 1993 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
1992
 Austria Yes since 1992 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 Germany Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 Japan Yes before 1990 Yes since 1964 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 Luxembourg Yes since 1992 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1985
1991
 Denmark Yes since 1991 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
 Netherlands Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
1989
 United States Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1989
1987
 Norway Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1985
  Switzerland Yes before 1990 Yes since 1961 Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1984
Countries to be considered developed (1 pending recognition)
Countries HDI[18] OECD[35] IMF[36] WB[37] Per capita PPP[38]
 Andorra Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 1990 Yes before 2010
 Chile Yes since 2007 Yes since 2010 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013
 Hungary Yes since 2005 Yes since 1996 No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2010
 Poland Yes since 2003 Yes since 1996 No Yes since 2009 Yes since 2011
 Malta Yes since 2003 No Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 2005
 Cyprus Yes since 2001 No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 2000
 Singapore Yes since 1999 No Yes since 1997[41] Yes since 1987 Yes since 1990
In process (2 pending recognitions)
Countries HDI[18] OECD[35] IMF[36] WB[37] per capita PPP[38]
 Croatia Yes since 2007 No No Yes since 2017 Yes since 2014
 Uruguay Yes since 2014 No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2016
 Bahamas Yes since 2016 No No Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
 Turkey Yes since 2015 Yes since 1961 No No Yes since 2013
 Kuwait Yes since 2014 No No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
 Oman Yes since 2012 No No Yes since 2007 Yes since 1990
 San Marino No data No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 2004
 Bahrain Yes since 2012 No No Yes since 2001 Yes since 1981
 Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010 No No Yes since 2004 Yes before 1980
 United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004 No No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
 Taiwan No data No Yes since 1997[41] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002
 Brunei Yes since 1999 No No Yes since 1990 Yes before 1985
 Qatar Yes since 1996 No No Yes since 1987 Yes before 1980
 Costa Rica Yes since 2019 Yes since 2021 No No Yes since 2022
Other recognitions
Countries HDI[18] OECD[35] IMF[36] WB[37] per capita PPP[38]
 Panama Yes since 2019 No No No Yes since 2014
 Bulgaria Yes since 2015 No No No Yes since 2018
 Palau Yes since 2013 No No Yes since 2016 No
 Romania Yes since 2013 No No No Yes since 2016
 Malaysia Yes since 2016 No No No Yes since 2012
 Kazakhstan Yes since 2015 No No No Yes since 2013
 Seychelles No No No Yes since 2014 Yes since 2013
 Saint Kitts and Nevis No No No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2014
 Russia Yes since 2013 No No No Yes since 2011
 Barbados Yes since 2011 No No Yes since 2006 No
 Trinidad and Tobago No No No Yes since 2006 Yes since 2005
 Liechtenstein Yes since 2000 No No Yes since 1994 No data
 Colombia No Yes since 2020 No No No
 Georgia Yes since 2019 No No No No
 Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No No Yes since 2022
 Serbia Yes since 2019 No No No No
 Nauru No No No Yes since 2019 No
 Montenegro Yes since 2013 No No No Yes since 2022
 Antigua and Barbuda No No No Yes since 2012 No
 Belarus Yes since 2012 No No No Yes since 2022
 Argentina Yes since 2006 No No No Yes since 2021
 Mexico No Yes since 1994 No No Yes since 2022
 Monaco No data No No Yes since 1994 No data

Rankings[edit]

The list below features some outstanding countries selected from the comparative table above with average data of quality (best place in rankings) and quantity (considered in how many of the 36 rankings) with an evaluation greater than 65%.

Outstanding countries
Rank Country INDEX QUALITY QUANTITY Democracy Corruption[42] Quality of living[43] Quality of digital living[44] Cost of living[45] HDI[46] per capita PPP[47] Peace[48] Prosperity[49] Economic Freedom Heritage[50] Human Freedom Fraser[51] Politic/Social Freedom House[52] Competitiveness Doing Business[53] Gay friendly[54] Energy transition [55] Environmental Performance[56] Green Future[57] Happiness[58] Social Progress[59] Global Talent[60] PISA science [9] PISA read PISA maths Mobile internet speed[61] Fixed internet speed Resilience [62] Fragile state[63] Growth promise[64] E-gov[65] English skills[66] Cities in motion[67] Press freedom[68] Rule of law[69] Good Government[70] Labor rights[71]
2021 2021 2019 2021 2021 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2019 2019 2021 2021 2020 2021 2021 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021
AVG

(quality;

quantity)

>65%

1-

((AVG

ranks-1)/

(100-1))

#ranks/

Totalranks

full > score 70 top 100 > score 0.6 low top 100 > very high >22000 1.8 2nd green on map > mostly free > score 8 > score 90 > score 60 > score 60 > score 7 score 70 > score 60 green > score 6.4 tier 2 < 2nd quartile > score 400 > score 400 > score 400 > 30mb > 50mb > score 90 > green > score 6 > very high > high > relative high < score 20 > score 70 > score 0.6 < rating 2
1  Denmark 95,9% 0,95 0,97 7 1 8 1 - 10 12 3 1 10 3 11 10 4 5 3 1 2 2 3 5 25 19 13 13 8 1 5 4 1 3 6 4 1 5 11
2  Sweden 94,4% 0,89 1,00 3 3 23 13 95 7 19 15 3 21 9 3 8 10 5 1 8 12 7 7 4 20 11 17 16 21 7 8 8 6 8 14 3 4 7 11
3  Norway 94,2% 0,91 0,97 1 7 25 14 - 1 7 14 2 28 13 2 17 9 18 2 9 3 6 1 9 28 20 19 3 25 2 2 7 13 5 12 1 2 6 11
4  Netherlands 93,4% 0,90 0,97 9 8 11 11 - 8 13 21 6 16 11 5 4 42 14 11 11 10 5 8 6 16 27 9 14 24 16 12 2 10 1 8 6 6 4 11
5  New Zealand 92,9% 0,89 0,97 4 1 3 23 - 14 32 2 8 2 2 4 19 1 14 8 19 8 9 12 16 13 11 28 27 23 18 4 9 8 1 23 8 7 9 38
6  Finland 92,8% 0,91 0,94 6 3 31 3 - 11 24 13 4 17 6 1 11 20 - 6 7 6 1 2 7 7 6 16 20 36 6 1 6 4 9 22 2 3 1 11
7   Switzerland 92,6% 0,91 0,94 12 3 2 8 - 2 5 7 5 4 1 15 5 36 14 4 3 19 3 5 1 24 28 11 11 4 5 6 1 16 25 11 10 - 2 38
8  Germany 91,1% 0,85 0,97 14 9 3 9 86 6 18 17 9 29 15 19 7 22 10 - 10 11 13 10 11 16 21 20 26 37 4 13 11 25 11 7 13 5 8 11
9  Austria 90,7% 0,84 0,97 18 15 1 21 - 18 16 6 11 25 21 25 21 27 5 5 6 15 10 14 17 28 28 22 32 49 8 14 19 15 2 18 17 9 13 11
10  Canada 90,2% 0,86 0,94 5 11 3 20 85 16 25 10 15 9 6 7 14 23 1 - 20 14 14 6 13 9 6 12 19 18 13 9 10 28 1 30 14 12 10 -
11  Ireland 89,8% 0,85 0,94 8 20 33 24 - 2 4 8 12 5 5 9 24 24 18 - 16 5 15 13 15 23 8 20 44 39 11 11 12 27 1 33 12 10 11 11
12  Australia 87,9% 0,84 0,92 9 11 11 17 98 8 21 16 16 3 8 8 16 14 10 - 13 - 11 11 10 16 17 30 9 54 14 10 15 5 1 17 25 13 17 -
13  United Kingdom 87,2% 0,83 0,92 16 11 41 10 87 13 29 33 13 7 14 27 9 8 5 7 4 17 17 18 12 15 15 17 23 47 10 30 13 - 1 1 - 16 12 -
14  Belgium 84,3% 0,77 0,92 - 15 28 25 92 14 22 20 23 37 23 12 22 46 18 - 15 9 20 16 18 20 23 15 31 38 15 18 16 41 6 41 11 14 20 -
15  Iceland 83,8% 0,87 0,81 2 17 - - - 4 14 1 10 11 12 21 26 26 10 10 17 1 4 4 14 35 36 26 - - 22 3 14 12 - 5 16 - 19 11
16  Singapore 83,1% 0,91 0,75 - 3 25 6 - 11 2 11 14 1 - - 1 2 - - - 16 - 30 3 2 2 2 18 1 12 15 3 11 4 9 - 17 3 38
17  Luxembourg 82,3% 0,84 0,81 13 9 18 15 - 23 1 - 7 18 10 10 18 72 - - 2 13 8 15 8 34 38 34 12 19 3 7 5 33 13 - 20 8 - -
18  Japan 81,4% 0,82 0,81 21 19 49 12 - 19 33 12 19 23 15 13 6 29 - - 12 - - 9 19 6 15 6 37 17 25 19 17 14 - 4 - 15 14 38
19  France 80,1% 0,77 0,83 - - 39 7 96 26 27 - 22 - 34 40 15 32 - 9 5 4 21 19 21 25 23 26 28 10 19 20 21 19 31 3 - 23 16 38
20  Estonia 79,8% 0,76 0,83 - 17 86 19 - 29 41 30 17 8 4 18 31 18 - - 34 - - 21 24 5 5 8 30 55 28 28 18 3 22 55 15 11 15 38
21  Spain 79,3% 0,73 0,86 22 - 43 18 55 25 40 31 24 - 25 46 23 30 2 - 14 18 27 20 32 30 - 35 51 16 21 38 31 17 - 25 29 21 27 38
22  Portugal 77,7% 0,72 0,83 - - 37 30 65 38 44 4 28 - 18 14 34 39 2 - 27 - - 25 28 27 25 29 56 28 27 16 27 35 7 52 9 26 25 38
23  Czech Republic 76,6% 0,70 0,83 - - 69 28 56 27 36 9 27 27 23 38 32 41 - - 20 - 18 22 25 22 26 22 39 53 20 27 28 39 27 39 - 22 22 38
24  United States 76,0% 0,82 0,69 - - 34 5 77 17 8 - 20 20 15 - 2 6 - - 24 - 19 24 2 19 13 38 17 12 - 37 20 9 1 2 - - 18 -
25  South Korea 73,9% 0,81 0,67 23 - 77 2 - 23 28 - 29 24 - - 13 5 - - 28 - - 17 27 8 9 7 2 7 36 21 23 2 - 19 - 20 21 -
26  Lithuania 73,4% 0,69 0,78 - - 81 16 52 34 39 37 33 15 19 41 39 11 - - 29 - - 27 35 31 33 35 33 33 30 25 30 20 24 - - 18 29 38
27  Latvia 71,4% 0,65 0,78 - - 90 - 61 37 48 35 30 30 21 - 41 19 - 12 40 - - 34 33 29 30 24 55 34 39 34 34 49 26 - 22 24 31 38
28  Uruguay 70,0% 0,62 0,78 15 21 78 - 68 55 64 - 37 - 33 6 54 - 5 13 - 20 31 39 51 53 49 59 63 69 47 22 42 26 - - 18 25 - 11
29  Slovenia 68,1% 0,72 0,64 - - 74 - - 22 38 5 26 - 32 17 35 37 - - 18 - 29 26 31 14 22 13 41 41 41 17 29 23 - - - - 23 -
30  Italy 68,0% 0,64 0,72 - - 41 27 93 29 35 32 31 - 26 43 30 58 - - 20 - 28 23 36 39 33 32 52 48 33 39 39 37 - 42 - - - 11
31  Poland 67,1% 0,68 0,67 - - 82 26 33 35 43 24 36 - - - 37 40 - - 41 - - 35 44 12 10 10 45 27 24 33 35 24 16 54 - - 28 -
32  Israel 66,1% 0,71 0,61 - - - 4 - 19 34 - 32 26 - - 20 35 - - 33 - 12 32 20 42 38 42 54 22 37 32 25 30 - - - - 26 38

Criticism[edit]

Many developed countries were only seen to have "developed" from the Industrial Age which preceded the age of colonialism, which robbed the wealth of countries such as India during the British colonisation of India during Europe's rivalry for conquest of the world.[72] France was also a rival in this quest for colonialism, colonising other countries for nearly a stretch of around 400 years from Africa, Middle East, Asia to North America which it regarded as 'possessions' of the French empire.[73][74] Other examples include Japan's colonisation of East Asia in its quest for "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere", which was later deemed to be an imperialist and fascist front by the Japanese for Japanese expansionism.[75][76][77] It is commonly argued that developed countries or coloniser countries sought to bring civilisation, but the opposite often happened instead, such as in instances of genocide, examples including the genocide of Australian Aborigines, the original inhabitants of Australia.[78][79][80] Other countries' gain in industrialisation and wealth also happened as a result from policies which robbed the wealth of others, such as the Jews being robbed of their wealth during the Holocaust, or other means of gaining wealth that resulted from war such as Switzerland shoring of Nazi gold.[81][82][83][84] Additionally, some countries involvement in proxy wars such as South Korea's involvement in Vietnam secured it $993 million in earnings for siding with American forces, propelling it from the poor country to one of the richest countries on Earth due to undue gains.[85]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Namely sovereign states, i.e., excluding Macau: In 2003, the government of Macau calculated its HDI as being 0.909 (the UN does not calculate Macau's HDI); In January 2007, the People's Daily Archived 7 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine reported (from China Modernization Report 2007): "In 2004... Macau... had reached the level of developed countries". The UNCTAD Archived 10 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine organisation (of the UN), as well as the CIA Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine, classify Macau as a "developing" territory. The World Bank Archived 28 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine classifies Macau as a high income economy (along with developed economies as well as with few developing economies).
  2. ^ In the 2018 Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI) Database, Taiwan's HDI was given as 0.880 among China's data.[1] However, from 2019 onward, Taiwan and Hong Kong are no longer included in the SHDI Database among Chinese divisions.[2] By contrast, the HDIs which published by the Statistical Bureau of Taiwan in its 2019 [3] and 2020 [4] reports were displayed as 0.911 in 2018, and 0.916 in 2019 respectively. The reason for the discrepancy was due to lack of available national data for Taiwan in the UNDP database, and Taiwan is also excluded from its HDI data for China.[5] The SHDI claimed that the data collection for Taiwan was also derived from the Taiwanese Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics [6]; the latter source is used as primary data in this article.
  3. ^ The Developed Countries Glossary Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine entry reads: "The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States."
  4. ^ Geographically a part of Asia, geopolitically a part of Europe.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  2. ^ Least Developed Countries Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2018 list Archived 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine)
  3. ^ "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. ^ World Bank (1 January 1960). "Constant GDP per capita for the United States". FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". www.imf.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  8. ^ Data from the IMF is used.
  9. ^ The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Human development index". Economics Help. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  11. ^ "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  12. ^ "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  13. ^ Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9.
  14. ^ Wackernagel, Mathis; Beyers, Bert (2019). Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-86571-911-8. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  15. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Liu, Wei; Yang, Jing Yu (23 September 2021). "Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs". International Business Review: 101925. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101925. ISSN 0969-5931. S2CID 244268711.
  16. ^ a b "IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p. 148" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2016.
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External links[edit]

source: https://web.archive.org/web/20220223094627/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_countries

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