The Birth of the Milky Way, also known as The Origin of the Milky Way, is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, produced between 1636 and 1638 and featuring the Greco-Roman myth of the origin of the Milky Way. The painting depicts Hera (Juno), spilling her breast milk, the infant Heracles (Hercules) and Zeus (Jupiter) in the background. Hera/Juno's face is modelled on Rubens's wife, Hélène Fourment. The carriage is pulled by peacocks, a bird which the ancient Greeks and Romans considered sacred to the goddess.

The painting was a part of the commission from Philip IV of Spain to decorate Torre de la Parada. It is now held at the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

Painting credit: Peter Paul Rubens

The Indus River is a 3,180-kilometre (1,980 mi) transboundary and trans-Himalayan river that rises in western Tibet before flowing northwest through the regions of Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan in Kashmir. The river then bends sharply to the left after the Nanga Parbat massif, flows generally southwest through Pakistan, and empties into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi. The Indus has a total drainage-basin area exceeding 1,165,000 km² (450,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow is around 243 km³ (58 cu mi), making it one of the fifty largest rivers in the world by discharge. This photograph shows the Indus valley near the city of Leh, a capital of Ladakh in Indian-administered Kashmir.

Photograph credit: KennyOMG

Django Reinhardt (1910–1953) was a Belgian-born Romani-French jazz guitarist and composer. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe, and has been hailed as one of its most significant exponents. This photograph of Reinhardt was taken in the jazz club Aquarium in New York around November 1946.

Photograph credit: William P. Gottlieb; restored by Adam Cuerden

The northern giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is native to North Africa. The northern giraffe has two horn-like protuberances known as ossicones on their foreheads. These are longer and larger than those of the southern giraffes, although bull northern giraffes have a third cylindrical ossicone in the center of the head just above the eyes which range in length between 3 inches (8 cm) and 5 inches (10 cm). This individual was photographed at Zoo d'Amnéville in northeastern France.

Photograph credit: Stefan Krause

Wells Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Wells, Somerset, commenced around 1175 on the site of a late-Roman mausoleum and an 8th-century abbey church. The cathedral has been described by the historian John Harvey as Europe's first truly Gothic structure, lacking the Romanesque work that survives in many other cathedrals. It is the seat of the bishop of Bath and Wells. This photograph depicts the interior of Wells Cathedral's chapter house, built by unknown architects between 1275 and 1310 in the Geometric style of Decorated Gothic architecture.

Photograph credit: David Iliff

Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868) was an Italian composer best known for his thirty-nine operas. This 1821 lithograph by the French artist Paul Delaroche is entitled Il signor Tambourossini, which is a portmanteau of Rossini's name with tambour (French for 'drum'), caricaturing Rossini's European reputation at the time as a creator of noise. The illustration depicts "Tambourossini" in Oriental dress and playing a trumpet and a bass drum, accompanied by a screeching magpie, and assisted by King Midas, with ass's ears. Both are seen trampling on sheet music and violins, while Apollo, the god of music, flees in the background.

Lithograph credit: Paul Delaroche; restored by Adam Cuerden

Osteospermum is a genus of flowering plants in Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the family Asteraceae, which includes sunflowers and daisies. The plants are also known as daisybushes and African daisies. The genus is closely related to the Chrysanthemoides. This photograph depicts a cultivar of Osteospermum known as 'Pink Whirls', which has flowers featuring spoon-shaped petals.

Photograph credit: Jon Sullivan

Historical coats of arms of the U.S. states date back to the admission of the first states to the Union. The historical coat of arms of Oregon shown here was illustrated by Henry Mitchell and published by Louis Prang in 1876 in The State Arms of the Union. Below the American eagle, the upper panel represents commerce, depicting mountains, an elk, a covered wagon, and the Pacific Ocean; in the ocean, a British man-of-war is departing and an American steamer is arriving, symbolizing the end of British rule in the Oregon Country. The lower panel shows a sheaf, a plow, and a pickaxe, symbolizing agriculture and mining.

Illustration credit: Henry Mitchell; restored by Andrew Shiva

In American football, a field goal (worth three points) is scored when a team place kicks or drop kicks the ball through the goal, i.e. between the uprights and over the crossbar, during a play from scrimmage. This photograph depicts Connor Barth of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers preparing to kick a field goal, with Jake Schum acting as the holder, during a 2015 National Football League military-appreciation game against the New York Giants at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida.

Photograph credit: Ned T. Johnston

Thomas François Burgers (1834–1881) was the fourth president of the South African Republic (Transvaal) from 1872 to 1877. The first coins of the Transvaal Burgerspond were introduced by Burgers in 1874, responding to a demand for coinage from the populace dating back to 1853. Burgers sent a portrait of himself to his UK consul-general, who commissioned the coins to be struck at Heaton's Mint in Birmingham, England. Some people in the South African Republic objected to the issue of the Burgerspond because the portrayal of the president on coins was perceived to liken him to a dictator. This one-pound coin, minted in 1874, bears an effigy of Burgers on the obverse and the coat of arms of the Transvaal on the reverse.

Coin design credit: Heaton's Mint; photographed by Andrew Shiva

The soft-plumaged petrel (Pterodroma mollis) is a species of seabird in the family Procellariidae, found in the Southern Hemisphere. The species is known to breed on Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, the Prince Edward Islands, the Crozet Islands, Macquarie Island and the Antipodes Islands of New Zealand. At other times of year, the petrel disperses more widely; this light-morph petrel was photographed at Eaglehawk Neck, east of the Tasman Peninsula in Tasmania, Australia.

Photograph credit: John Harrison

The Tales of Hoffmann is an opéra fantastique by the French composer Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Jules Barbier, based on three short stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann, the opera's protagonist. It was Offenbach's final work; he died in October 1880, four months before it premiered on 10 February 1881 at the Opéra-Comique in Paris. This illustration of the premiere, attributed to Pierre-Auguste Lamy, depicts the opera's prologue (or possibly epilogue).

Illustration credit: Pierre-Auguste Lamy (attributed); restored by Adam Cuerden

Falstaff is a comic opera in three acts by the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian-language libretto was adapted by Arrigo Boito from the play The Merry Wives of Windsor and scenes from Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2 by William Shakespeare. The work premiered on 9 February 1893 at La Scala in Milan. The last of Verdi's twenty-eight operas, the opera's plot revolves around the thwarted, sometimes farcical, efforts of the fat knight Sir John Falstaff to seduce two married women to gain access to their husbands' wealth. This photograph shows the Italian baritone Ambrogio Maestri playing the title role in a 2016 production of Falstaff at the Vienna State Opera.

Photograph credit: Christian Michelides

Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636–1673) was a French Catholic priest and scientist. His celestial atlas, entitled Globi coelestis in tabulas planas redacti descriptio, comprised six charts of the night sky and was first published in 1674. The atlas uses a gnomonic projection so that the plates make up a cube of the celestial sphere. The constellation figures are drawn from Uranometria, but were carefully reworked and adapted to a broader view of the sky. This is the third plate from a 1693 edition of Pardies's atlas, featuring constellations including Cancer, Gemini and Taurus, visible in the northern sky.

Map credit: Ignace-Gaston Pardies

Trosia nigropunctigera, the rosy ermine moth, is a lepidopteran in the family Megalopygidae native to the Neotropics. The species is distributed across Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador and Peru. This adult T. nigropunctigera moth was photographed in the Mount Totumas cloud forest in Panama.

Photograph credit: Charles James Sharp

Commelina communis, the Asiatic dayflower, is an annual herbaceous plant in the dayflower family, Commelinaceae. The blooms last for a single day and are distinctive with two relatively large blue petals and one much reduced white petal. The three long stamens are fertile, while the three short stamens are infertile. This focus-stacked photograph of a C. communis flower was taken in a garden in Bamberg, Germany.

Photograph credit: Reinhold Möller

The 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot was a British Army infantry regiment raised in 1823. This carbon print of a photograph taken in 1856 depicts three members of the 95th who fought in the Crimean War (1853–1856): Sergeant John Geary, Thomas Onslow, and Lance Corporal Patrick Carthay. The men are wearing the Crimea Medal on their uniforms.

Photograph credit: Cornelius Jabez Hughes, after Joseph Cundall and Robert Howlett; restored by Adam Cuerden

Heinrich C. Berann (1915–1999) was an Austrian painter and cartographer. He achieved world fame with his panoramic maps that combined modern cartography with classical painting. Towards the end of his life, he created panoramic posters of four national parks of the United States, produced for and published by the National Park Service. This panorama, painted by Berann in 1989, depicts Yosemite National Park in California, looking generally northeastward. In the center of the image is Yosemite Valley, surrounded by granite summits including El Capitan and Half Dome, as well as Yosemite Falls. The peaks of the Sierra Nevada are visible in the background.

Painting credit: Heinrich C. Berann

The hooded robin (Melanodryas cucullata) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins in the family Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic; the male bears a distinctive black-and-white plumage, while the female is a nondescript greyish-brown. These male (top) and female (bottom) hooded robins were photographed in Glen Davis, New South Wales.

Photograph credit: John Harrison

Alice Locke Park (February 2, 1861 – October 17, 1961) was an American suffragist and a defender of women's rights. She served as associate director of the Susan B. Anthony Memorial Committee of California. This photograph of Park, from the records of the National Woman's Party, was taken around the 1910s.

Photograph credit: unknown; restored by Adam Cuerden

Valerie Thomas (born 1943) is an American scientist and inventor. She invented the illusion transmitter, for which she received a patent in 1980, and was responsible for developing digital image processing systems used in the early years of the Landsat program, a satellite-imagery program run by NASA and the United States Geological Survey. This photograph, taken in 1979, depicts Thomas standing next to a stack of early Landsat computer compatible tapes.

Photograph credit: NASA; restored by Adam Cuerden

Duke Humfrey's Library is the oldest reading room in the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford. It is named after Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, a connoisseur of literature who donated his collection of 281 books to the university at his death in 1447. Books were hand-written at the time and his legacy was considered an extraordinarily generous donation, since the university previously had only 20 books. Duke Humfrey's Library was used as the library of Hogwarts for the filming of the Harry Potter films.

Photograph credit: David Iliff

The swallow-tailed bee-eater (Merops hirundineus) is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae, native to sub-Saharan Africa. About 20 centimetres (8 inches) in length, it feeds on insects, perching on a high branch and sallying forth to catch prey in mid-air. This swallow-tailed bee-eater of the subspecies M. h. chrysolaimus was photographed in Senegal.

Photograph credit: Charles James Sharp

Albert Gallatin (January 29, 1761 – August 12, 1849) was a Genevan-American politician, diplomat, ethnologist and linguist. He is known for being the founder of New York University and for serving in the Democratic-Republican Party at various federal elective and appointed positions across four decades. He represented Pennsylvania in the Senate and the House of Representatives before becoming the longest-tenured United States secretary of the treasury (1801–1814) and serving as a high-ranking diplomat. This line engraving of Gallatin was produced around 1902 by the Department of the Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) as part of a BEP presentation album of the first 42 secretaries of the treasury.

Engraving credit: Bureau of Engraving and Printing; restored by Andrew Shiva

Ueno Tōshō-gū is a Shinto shrine located in the ward of Taitō in Tokyo, Japan. Tōshō-gū shrines are characterized by the enshrinement of Tokugawa Ieyasu under the name Tōshō Daigongen. This photograph shows Ueno Tōshō-gū's golden gate, which is a karamon, a type of mon in Japanese architecture characterized by the use of karahafu, a curved gable with a style peculiar to Japan. This karamon was built in 1651 and the Government of Japan has designated it an Important Cultural Property.

Photograph credit: Basile Morin

Lidar is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object with a laser and measuring the time taken by the reflected light to return to the receiver. Lidar can also be used to make digital 3-D representations of areas on the Earth's surface and ocean floor, due to differences in laser return times, and by varying laser wavelengths. It has terrestrial, airborne, and mobile applications. This image shows an orthographic projection of a registered point cloud depicting the intersection of Folsom Street and Dore Street in San Francisco, California. The point cloud was captured over 18 seconds and registered in real time using an Ouster OS1 lidar unit mounted on a moving car. The points are coloured by a function based on raw lidar intensity multiplied by range, with orange signifying brighter regions and dark blue for darker regions. Lidar is a popular sensor for self-driving cars.

Image credit: Daniel L. Lu

The Australian brushturkey (Alectura lathami), also known as the gweela, is a common, widespread species of mound-building bird in the family Megapodiidae (the incubator birds) found in eastern Australia. It is a large bird with a prominent, fan-like tail flattened sideways, and its plumage is mainly blackish, but with a bare red head, and a yellow or purple wattle. The male's wattle become much larger during breeding season, often swinging from side to side as it runs. The male's head and wattle also become much brighter during the breeding and nesting season. The brushturkey is a clumsy flyer and cannot fly long distances, only taking to the air when threatened by predators or to roost in trees at night and during the heat of the day. This Australian brushturkey was photographed in Newington, New South Wales.

Photograph credit: John Harrison

The Skating Minister is an oil painting attributed to Henry Raeburn in the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh. It was practically unknown until about 1949, but has since become one of Scotland's best-known paintings. It is considered an icon of Scottish culture, painted during one of the most remarkable periods in the country's history, the Scottish Enlightenment. The painting depicts Robert Walker, a Church of Scotland minister and a member of the Edinburgh Skating Club, the world's first organized figure skating club. The club often met at Duddingston Loch, the scene of this painting.

Painting credit: Henry Raeburn (attributed)

The Winter Palace is a palace in Saint Petersburg that served as the official residence of the Russian emperors from 1732 to 1917. The palace and its precincts now house the Hermitage Museum. The green-and-white palace has the overall shape of an elongated rectangle, with a 215-metre-long (705 ft) and 30-metre-high (98 ft) principal facade. The Winter Palace has been calculated to contain 1,886 doors, 1,945 windows, 1,500 rooms and 117 staircases. This aerial view of the palace was taken in 2016.

Photograph credit: Andrew Shiva

Édouard Manet (23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, and was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. His early masterworks, Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe and Olympia, both painted in 1863, caused great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the start of modern art. This portrait of Manet was taken by the French photographer Nadar.

Photograph credit: Nadar; restored by Adam Cuerden