Cannabis Ruderalis

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The Effect of Zumba and High Impact Aerobic in Reducing
Skinfold Thickness
N.W. Kusnanik1
Faculty of Sport Sciences
UniversitasNegeri Surabaya
INDONESIA
niningwidyah@unesa.ac.id
Corresponding authors:
niningwidyah@unesa.ac.id
T.J. Suminar2
Faculty of Sport and Health
Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi
INDONESIA
suminarjanjang@gmail.com
S.P. Bird3
School of Exercise Science,
Sport and Health
Charles Sturt University
Bathurst New SouthWales
AUSTRALIA
spb@stephenbird.co
Abstract— Zumba and high impact aerobic is a
popular training method that can be used to reduce
body fat and skinfold thickness. The main aim of the
research was to find the significant effect of zumba
and high impact aerobic in reducing skinfold
thickness. This study was conducted at 30 female
members of Jivi Sport and divided into 3 groups
with 10 subjects each group. Group 1 was given high
intensity aerobic, group 2 zumba, and group 3
conventional exercise 3 times/week during 8 weeks
training period. This study was quantitative with
matching only design. Data was taken from
measurement of skinfold thickness using skinfold
caliper at pretest and posttest at 4 skinfold site:
triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiaca. Data
was analyzed using t test (paired t-test). Result of
this study showed that there was a significant
decreased of skinfold thickness using zumba and
high impact aerobic with p<0.05. Conclusion:
zumba and high impact aerobic can be used to
reduce skinfold thickness.
Keywords: aerobic, zumba, high impact, exercise,
skinfold thickness
I.
INTRODUCTION
Physical health is a person's ability to convey
physical activities that require strength, endurance and
flexibility. The element that affects physical health is
cardiorespiratory
endurance.
Cardiorespiratory
endurance is the functional capacity of organs including
heart, lungs and blood vessels to work optimally in a rest
state and exercise in getting oxygen and then circulating
oxygen to tissues used in the body's metabolic processes.
Exercise is activities of body to do some movements
including walking, jogging, running, jumping,
swimming, dancing and so on in order to maintain and
have better physical fitness. Physical activities must be
planned properly, and done repetitively. Physical fitness
is a set of attributes that are either health- or skill-related.
Physical exercise is vital for a healthy life and has
several positive influences on the body. On the other
hand, physical inactivity adversely influences body
weight and is associated with obesity [1]. In addition,
exercise is an organized process where body and mind
are continually defied with the pressure from various
volumes (quantity) and intensity [2]. There are two
kinds of physical exercise, such as aerobic and anaerobic
training. Aerobic exercise is an exercise that helps the
heart and lungs work harder to supply muscles with
oxygen, for example aerobics, running, swimming and
cycling. Aerobics is brief exercises that do not require
the used of oxygen to replenish fuel, for example: lifting
weights and running short distances. Many sports can
help maintain physical conditions, such as swimming,
jogging, cycling, aerobic dance and zumba.
Zumba and high impact aerobic are physical
activities that are currently preferred by teenagers and
adult women. Aerobic high impact is one of the
exercises consisting of strength training and routine
stretching to improve all the elements of fitness
(flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness)
according to. Aerobic high impact is usually done in
classes that have been trained with the aim of increasing
the intensity of exercise with the rhythm of music with a
faster tempo. Zumba is a combination of a sports
movement with a new dance featured a combination of
music and dance. In addition, Zumba is acknowledged
as a fun way to exercise and is beneficial in improving
cardiovascular fitness. Furthermore, Zumba can help to
reduce the skinfold thickness and body mass. Therefore,
the purpose of this study is to compare between high
impact aerobic and Zumba exercise in decreasing
skinfold thickness of active females.
International Conference on Research and Academic Community Services (ICRACOS 2019)
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 390
165
II.
METHODS
This type of study was a quantitative experimental
(quasi) methods. Design of the reserach was Matching
Only Design. The research was conducted at 30 female
members of Jivi Sport Fitness. The subjects were
divided into three groups using 10 subjects per group.
Group 1 was given high intensity aerobic, Group 2
Zumba and Group 3 conventional exercise withduration
3 times/week during 8 weeks training period for 60
minutes in each session. The instrument of this study
was skinfold thickness measurement using Skinfold
Caliper tool. This tool was equpped with a gauge that
will show the thickness of the fat tissue under the skin
by pinching using the thumb and index finger
approximately 1cm, the distance between the two ends
of the calipers’ legs that press againts the folds of the
skin can be seen in the size recorder. The body parts to
be measured were the triceps, biceps, subscapula, and
suprailiaca skinfold sites. Data was taken from
measuring skinfold thickness at pretest (before being
given treatment) and posttest (after being given
treatment). T-test method (paired t-test) was used to
analysed data statistically.
III.
RESULT
The result of this study is presented in Table 1, Table 2,
Diagram1, Diagram 2, and Diagram 3.
Table 1. Pretest and Posttest Skinfold Thickness (ml)
Groups
Mean
% Decreased
Pretest
Posttest
Group I
26.34
24.71
6.19%
Group II 27.03
25.04
7.36%
Group III 27.91
27.58
4.77%
As clearly seen at Table 1, it indicated that skinfolds
thickness decreased in all groups. The mean of skinfold
thickness reduced approximatelly 6.19% decreased at
Group 1 after being given treatment of high impact
aerobic exercise. In addition, it was 7.36% decreased of
skinfold thickness at Group II after exercising zumba
with frequency 3 times a week for 8 weeks training
periods. Group III also decreased approximatelly 4.77%
after being given conventional exercise. Data of skinfold
thickness for pretest and posttest between groups are
presented in Diagrams.
Diagram 1.Pretest and Posttest of Group 1
(High Impact Aerobic)
Based on the Diagram 1, it showed that there was a
significant decreased of skinfold thickness after being
given high impact aerobic exercise in 8 weeks with 24
times sessions. This was approximately 1.63 ml
decraesed from pretest (26.34ml) to posttest (24.71ml).
Therefore, it was a difference of mean that showed a
decreased of skinfold thickness after being given high
impact aerobic exercise in 8 weeks with 3 times of
frequency per week.
Diagram 2. Data Pretest and Posttest of Group 2
(Zumba Exercise)
As can be seen in Diagram 2 found that skinfold
thickness reduced 1.99 ml after being given zumba
exercise in 8 weeks with 24 times session from 27.03ml
(pretest) to 25.04ml (posttest).
Diagram 3.Data Pretest and Posttest of Group 3
(control group)
Series1,
PRETEST,
26.34
Series1,
POSTTES
T, 24.71
GROUP I
AEROBIC HIGH IMPACT
SKINFOLD THICKNESS (ml)
Series1,
PRETEST
, 27.03
Series1,
POSTTES
T, 25.04
GROUP II
ZUMBA
SKINFOLD THICKNESS (ml)
Series1,
PRETEST
, 27.91
Series1,
POSTTES
T, 27.58
GROUP III
CONTROL
SKINFOLD THICKNESS (ml)
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 390
166
As clearly showed in Diagram 3, it indicated that
skinfold thickness slightly decreased of 0.33 ml
from 27.91ml (pretest) to 27.58ml (posttest).
Table 2. Paired Sampels Test Sig. (2-tiled)
Skinfold
Thickness (ml)
Mean
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Sig.
Group I (High
Impact
Aerobics)
1.63000
0.002
0,000<0,05
(Significant)
Group II
(Zumba)
1.99000
0.001
0,000<0,05
(Significant)
Group III
(Control)
1.33000
0.000
0,000<0,05
(Significant)
As the result of analyzing at Table 2, it can be stated
that there were significant reduced of skinfold thickness
after being given high impact aerobic and zumba
exercise with P<0.05.
IV.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study are supported by
statement that the benefits of doing an aerobic
exercise can reduce weight and regulate body
weight, improve healthiness and endurance [3].
Aerobic high impact is a series of movements that
are deliberately chosen by following the rhythm of
the selected music that emerges rhythmic
tendencies, continuity and a distinctive duration.
The advantages of aerobic are able to help in
improving the immune system of the body,
circulatory conditions and heart workout. This
study also supports the theory declared by Aerobic
fitness is F.I.T, namely frequency, intensity, and
time. The frequency is to get optimal results, it is
good to do aerobic exercise 3-5 times per week.
Intensity is preferably between 70-80% of
maximum heart rate. The duration of the exercise
should be gradually increased which is between 20-
60 minutes. Other benefits of high impact aerobics
are being able to lose weight, improve fitness,
improve body coordination, relieve stress, and
remain happy. Therefore, the high impact aerobic
exercise enhances body fitness and helps improve
the fold of fat under the skin [4]. High impact
aerobic exercise can affect the increase in VO2Max
and can reduce weight, therefore many women
choose high-impact aerobic exercises for fitness
activities and help to lose weight [5].
Zumba is a physical activities that inspired from
aerobic dance with a strong influence from Latin
dances including a fusion of salsa, merengue,
reggaeton, cumbia, chachacha, mambo, soca, belly
dance, Bhangra, hip hop, flamenco, samba and
tango [5]. Zumba is a kind of dance workout that
inspired from Latin American music and dances
[6]. Zumba Exercise combines between the basic of
reggaeton, dance cumbia, salsa, samba, merengue,
tango and others from Latin American dances. The
movement of zumba not only use aerobic steps
basic, but also enriches the composition using other
dances such as African dance, Indian, hip-hop,
belly dancing, and so on.
Zumba includes dances that can burn calories
and body fat quickly because the movements of
Zumba use cardio exercise including jump, spin,
and move quickly. Zumba can build 369 calories
around 9.5 kcal per minute. With Zumba training
three times a week can be obtained in one month
lose 3kg of weight. Aerobic exercise that done for
60 minutes can decrease fat folds under the skin and
lose body mass [7]. The motivation of many
women in doing exercise is to lose body weight, 28
and a good way in order to achieve this objective
anecdotally evidence suggests that is Zumba [8].
Zumba exercise can reduce skinfold thickness than
aerobic exercise [9]. The training of Zumba
physical fitness that have conducted in 8 weeks
training periods had a significant effect in
decreasing in percentage of body fat’s young
females [10].
Under-fat skin is an influential thing in the body,
if the fat content is balanced then it is good for the
health of the body, therefore by doing aerobic
exercise and zumba exercise can help to reduce the
thickness thickness. To obtain the skinfold thickess
can be taken from 7 skinfold sites including biceps,
triceps, supra spaniel, abdominal, subscapular, and
high medial front calf [11]. Zumba dance training
and high impact aerobics can also reduce weight
loss [12]. Therefore, aerobic and zumba are
effective to decrease skinfold thickness.
V.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the research was a significant
effect of high impact aerobic and zumba exercise
in reducing skinfold thickness. Therefore, it is
suggested that high impact aerobic and zumba
exercise can be used as an alternative method to
reduce skinfold thickness and body mass.
ACKNOWLEGDMENT
Authors would like to thank you to PNBP Unesa
that support to attend and present the manuscript at
ICRACOS 2019.
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 390
167
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 390
168

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