The Court rejected the claim on the ground that no private use of property was involved; "... we cannot doubt that the taxing power of the State is exerted for a public purpose."

—a state could make secular textbooks available to both public and parochial schools, but the First Amendment issue was not raised in that case.

The Court upheld a Louisiana statute providing textbooks at public expense for children attending public or parochial schools.

It is much too late to argue that legislation intended to facilitate the opportunity of children to get a secular education serves no public purpose.

—this Court upheld a free textbook statute of Louisiana against a charge that it aided private schools on the ground that the books were for the education of the children, not to aid religious schools.

—appellants said that a statute requiring school books to be furnished without charge to all students, whether they attended public or private schools, did not serve a'public purpose,'and so offended the Fourteenth Amendment.

"Viewing the statute as having the effect thus attributed to it, we cannot doubt that the taxing power of the state is exerted for a public purpose. The legislation does not segregate private schools, or their pupils, as its beneficiaries or attempt to interfere with any matters of exclusively private concern. Its interest is education, broadly; its method, comprehensive. Individual …

—it was held constitutional for the State to furnish free textbooks to all students, including those used by students in parochial schools

The mere fact that public funds are expended to an institution operated by a religious enterprise does not establish the fact that the proceeds are used to support the religion professed by the recipient.

IV, § 4, of the Constitution, guaranteeing to the States "a Republican Form of Government," [n22] is not enforceable through the courts