HIV is the causative agent of AIDS [1–3]. In common with other retroviruses, HIV contains two long terminal repeats (LTR) and three conserved genes, gag pol, and env (4-6]. It also contains a number of critical regulatory genes, including tat| 7–9] which, in conjunction with cellular polymerases and transcription factors, are necessary for the activation of viral gene expression. Once HIV-1 integrates into the host-cell genome, gene expression is regulated by cellular transcription factors in a manner similar to that of endogenous cellular genes [10]. Unlike cellular genes, unique features in the DNA and RNA regulatory regions of the HIV-1 LTR make it a target for viral trans-activator proteins. The activities of several of the cellular transcription factors which bind to the HIV-1 LTR are altered by parameters such as activation or differentiation of lymphocytes or macrophages, the action of lymphokines, and alterations of …