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::::::::For all the remaining statements not referencing a theory of another, why should they be included?[[User:Cealicuca|Cealicuca]] ([[User talk:Cealicuca|talk]]) 15:46, 7 December 2018 (UTC)
::::::::For all the remaining statements not referencing a theory of another, why should they be included?[[User:Cealicuca|Cealicuca]] ([[User talk:Cealicuca|talk]]) 15:46, 7 December 2018 (UTC)
:(1) Nobody wants to mirror several articles on the Romanian language, but linguistic research is a most important element of the study of the Romanians' ethnogenesis. (2) How could the presentation of all relevant scholarly interpreations of the same fact contradict WP:NPOV? (3) Sorry, I do not understand your remark. Would you clarify it? [[User:Borsoka|Borsoka]] ([[User talk:Borsoka|talk]]) 16:02, 7 December 2018 (UTC)
:(1) Nobody wants to mirror several articles on the Romanian language, but linguistic research is a most important element of the study of the Romanians' ethnogenesis. (2) How could the presentation of all relevant scholarly interpreations of the same fact contradict WP:NPOV? (3) Sorry, I do not understand your remark. Would you clarify it? [[User:Borsoka|Borsoka]] ([[User talk:Borsoka|talk]]) 16:02, 7 December 2018 (UTC)
::(1) The why do we have a section dedicated to linguistics and not have the content integrated in each theory? (2) How can we present a relevant point of view if we don't include the relevance of it without breaking [[WP:NPOV]]? (3) Sorry, I do not understand what is unclear. Could you clarify?[[User:Cealicuca|Cealicuca]] ([[User talk:Cealicuca|talk]]) 16:31, 7 December 2018 (UTC)


== Romanian irredentism ==
== Romanian irredentism ==

Revision as of 16:31, 7 December 2018


Historiography: origin of the theories

Section 2.1 Historiography: origin of the theories should be slightly modified. For the time being, it fails to provide a proper context for non-specialist readers in many cases and fails to mention important aspects of the development of the theories, while other aspects are over-emphasized. My proposal for the new text is the following (text to be deleted are scored out, text to be added are in bold):

Byzantine authors were the first to write of the Romanians (or Vlachs).[1] The 11th-century scholar Kekaumenos wrote of a Vlach homeland situated "near the Danube and [...] the Sava, where the Serbians lived more recently".[2][3] He associates the Vlachs with the Dacians and the Bessi and with the Dacian king Decebal.[4] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hașdeu) and "Dacia Aureliana" (Gottfried Schramm).[5][2] When associating the Vlachs with ancient ethnic groups, Kekaumenos followed the the practice of Byzantine authors who named contemporary peoples for peoples known from ancient sources.[6] The 12th-century scholar John Kinnamos[7] wrote that the Vlachs "are said to be formerly colonists from the people of Italy".[8][9][10] William of Rubruck wrote that the Vlachs of Bulgaria descended from the Ulac people,[11] who lived beyond Bashkiria.[12] Rubruck's words imply that he regarded the Vlachs a migrant population, coming from the region of the Volga like their Hungarian and Bulgarian neighbors.[13] The late 13th-century Hungarian chronicler Simon of Kéza states that the Vlachs used to be the Romans' "shepherds and husbandmen" who "elected to remain behind in Pannonia"[14] when the Huns arrived.[15] An unknown author's Description of Eastern Europe from 1308 likewise states that the Balkan Vlachs "were once the shepherds of the Romans" who "had over them ten powerful kings in the entire Messia and Pannonia".[16][17]
Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scholar wrote was the first to write (around 1450) that the Romanians' ancestors had been Roman colonists settled by Emperor Trajan.[18] This view was repeated by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, who stated in his work De Europa (1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race")[19] and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians.[20] Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century.[21][22] Flavio Biondo noted that "the Dacians or Wallachs claim to have Roman origins"; Pietro Ranzano wrote that the Vlachs declared themselves "descendants of Italians"; the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius mentioned that Trajan "led the Vlachi along with Italian people into the kingdom, spread them all around the Dacian kingdom" and "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land"; the Hungarian Jesuit Stephan Szántó stated that the Wallachians were "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" and "true Italians" could understand their language.[22][23] On the other hand, Laonikos Chalkokondyles—a late-15th-century Byzantine scholar—stated that he never heard anyone "explain clearly where" the Romanians "came from to inhabit" their lands.[24] Chalkokondyles also wrote that the Romanians were said to have come "from many places and settled that area".[25] The 17th-century Johannes Lucius expressed his concerns about the survival of Romans in a the territory of the former Dacia Traiana province, exposed to invasions for a millennium.[24]
A legend on the origin of the Moldavians, preserved in the Moldo-Russian Chronicle from around 1505,[26][27] narrates that one "King Vladislav of Hungary" invited their Romanian ancestors to his kingdom and settled them "in Maramureş betweeIovaniorgovan (talk) 05:20, 27 November 2018 (UTC)n the Moreş and Tisa at a place called Crij".[28] Logofăt Istratie and other 17th-century Moldavian historians continued to credit "King Vladislav" with the settlement of the Romanians' ancestors in Maramureş.[29] Grigore Ureche's Chronicle of Moldavia of 1647[30] is the first Romanian historical work stating that the Romanians "all come from Rîm" (Rome).[31][32][33] In 30 years Miron Costin explicitly connected the Romanians' ethnogenesis to the conquest of "Dacia Traiana".[34] Constantin Cantacuzino stated in 1716 that the native Dacians also had a role in the formation of the Romanian people.[32][35] Petru Maior and other historians of the "Transylvanian School" flatly denied any interbreeding between the natives and the conquerors, claiming that the autochthonous Dacian population which was not eradicated by the Romans fled the territory.[36] The Daco-Roman mixing became widely accepted in the Romanian historiography around 1800. This view is advocated by the Greek-origin historians Dimitrie Philippide (in his 1816 work History of Romania) and Dionisie Fotino, who wrote History of Dacia (1818).[37][38] The idea was accepted and taught in the Habsburg Monarchy, including Hungary until the 1870s,[39] although the Austrian Franz Joseph Sulzer had by the 1780s rejected any form of continuity north of the Danube, and instead proposed a 13th-century migration from the Balkans.[40][reply]
The development of the theories was closely connected to political debates in the 18th century.[41][42][43] Sulzer's theory of the Romanians' migration was apparently connected to his plans on the annexation of Wallachia and Moldavia by the Habsburg Monarchy, and the settlement of German colonists in both principalities.[44] The three political "nations" of the Principality of Transylvania (the Hungarians, Saxons and Székelys) enjoyed special privileges, while local legislation emphasized that the Romanians had been "admitted into the country for the public good" and they were only "tolerated for the benefit of the country".[42][45] When suggesting that the Romanians of Transylvania were the direct descendants of the Roman colonists in Emperor Trajan's Dacia, the historians of the "Transylvanian School" also demanded that the Romanians were to be regarded as the oldest residents of the country.[42][46] The Supplex Libellus Valachorum – a petition completed by the representatives of the local Romanians in 1791 – explicitly demanded that the Romanians should be granted the same legal status that the three privileged "nations" had enjoyed because the Romanians were of Roman stock.[47][48]

References

  1. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 13. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  2. ^ a b Madgearu 2005a, p. 56.
  3. ^ Cecaumeno: Consejos de un aristócrata bizantino (12.4.2), p. 122.
  4. ^ Madgearu 2005a, pp. 56–57.
  5. ^ Schramm 1997, p. 323. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  6. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 215.
  7. ^ Stephenson 2000, p. 269.
  8. ^ Kristó 2003, p. 139.
  9. ^ Spinei 2009, p. 132.
  10. ^ Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos (6.3.260), p. 195.
  11. ^ The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck (21.3.), p. 139.
  12. ^ Spinei 2009, pp. 77–78.
  13. ^ Spinei 2009, p. 78.
  14. ^ Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians (chapter 14.), p. 55.
  15. ^ Madgearu 2005a, pp. 46–47.
  16. ^ Madgearu 2005a, pp. 54–55.
  17. ^ Spinei 2009, p. 76.
  18. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 4.
  19. ^ Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Europe (ch. 2.14.), p. 65.
  20. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 5.
  21. ^ Almási 2010, pp. 107, 109–109.
  22. ^ a b Armbruster 1972, p. 61.
  23. ^ Almási 2010, pp. 107, 110.
  24. ^ a b Vékony 2000, p. 19.
  25. ^ Laonikos Chalkokondyles: Demonstrations of Histories, p. 203.
  26. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 11.
  27. ^ Spinei 1986, p. 197.
  28. ^ Vékony 2000, pp. 11–13.
  29. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 13.
  30. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 69. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  31. ^ Dutceac Segesten 2011, p. 92.
  32. ^ a b Boia 2001, p. 85.
  33. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 14.
  34. ^ Georgescu 1991, pp. 69–70. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  35. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 16.
  36. ^ Boia 2001, pp. 85–86.
  37. ^ Boia 2001, p. 86.
  38. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 116. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  39. ^ Pohl 2013, pp. 23–24.
  40. ^ Vékony 2000, pp. 19–20.
  41. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 12. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  42. ^ a b c Vékony 2000, p. 22.
  43. ^ Deletant 1992, p. 134.
  44. ^ Holban 2000, pp. 20, 23, 456, 460, 474.
  45. ^ Prodan 1971, p. 12.
  46. ^ Deletant 1992, pp. 134–135.
  47. ^ Deletant 1992, p. 135.
  48. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 91. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)

Thank you for all comments. Borsoka (talk) 03:18, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Funny, you added (in bold) sections that belong in IT, and struck out (for deletion) passages that should be in DRCT. A more biased approach can hardly be seen on Wikipedia. Thanks for showing your true face. I think you should just wait for the result of our dispute resolution before trying to shoehorn your ideologically tainted edits into this article.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 04:24, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Your approach is funny. You have not realised that the core of the sentence which was struck out was placed in the previous sentence. Do you think that listing Italian, Saxon and Hungarian scholars who accepted the continuity theory is a neutral approach, while mentioning that the earliest Romanian historians thought that their ancestors had been moved from the Balkans to Maramures during the reign of a Hungarian king is a biased way of presentation? I think you should familiarize yourself with the concepts of "neutrality" and "bias" before making comments on these pages. Do you think that Victor Spinei, an ardent supporter of the continuity theory, represents a pro-immigrationist view? Sorry, I must think that your knowledge about the theories is quite limited. Borsoka (talk) 04:34, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You again misunderstand. Each theory has its own historiography, and this big confusing section (the one you listed above) should be broken up, with each segment linked to its proper theory (DRCT, IT, or AT) as the case may be, in order to preserve neutrality.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 04:55, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Which theory should appropiate the earliest sources (Kekaumenos, Simon of Kéza, Kinnamos, Description of Eastern Europe). They unanimously write of the Vlachs' south-Danubian homeland. Should we mention these sources only under the IT? Should we ignore "continuity" scholars' comments on them? How this approach could secure the neutral presentation of facts? Borsoka (talk) 05:08, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Present no evidence without explaining its relevance to an Origin of the Romanians theory.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 05:20, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Your dismissive non-answer to Borsoka's questions is why we get nowhere. TrixAreForKidsSillyRabbit (talk) 05:44, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, it's your and Borsoka's (and others') ignorance of "moderators'" suggestions and Wiki guidelines that turned this article into a mess. You might also want to take a look at who's responsible for the shape of the failed article unanimously panned by all independent editors in the first place. Does anyone want to take responsibility for that? No matter, this discussion's going nowhere. I'll let the moderators decide the next course of action.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 05:55, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, it's your inability to grasp that you cannot impose unilateral changes in the article. I saw what you did neutral approach is far far away from you. Anyway why did you sign in the middle of the proposed text?[1] Fakirbakir (talk) 08:01, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Yet another good example of how we end up in an endless debate because some editor or another tries to add (or remove) content that seems relevant to him/her, instead of content that is relevant in the framework of mainstream theories.Cealicuca (talk) 11:16, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Instead of making general statements, please quote a single statement from the above text whose relevance in the context of the Romanians' ethnogenesis is not verified by reliable sources. Please also quote a single statement which should exclusively be presented within the framework of one of the theories. Borsoka (talk) 13:02, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You seem to be incapable of realizing that there can be two or more diverging theories based on the same set of data. Thus the "exclusively" added attribute is nonsensical.Cealicuca (talk) 14:42, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
This is what I have been explaining to you for months. Borsoka (talk) 15:03, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, don't try to spin it. You said that because the same fact can be interpreted differently we cannot (somehow, because of this original concept of "neutral facts") present those interpretations. The interpretations are the theories.Cealicuca (talk) 19:33, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I never claimed that we cannot present the different interpretations of the same facts. Borsoka (talk) 19:35, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You claimed, several times, you cannot distribute "fats" among theories. But never mind that, what you did here is to misrepresent what sources said. For example you took out "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania and true Italians" (Stephan Szántó) and attributing to several sources (including this one) the following: "[...] the Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race")" using the following sentence: "Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century.".
This is misrepresenting what the sources state, practically (and this is but one example, he did the same with several sources) he removed Szanto's "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" and attributed to him and true Italians" with "Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race")". As always, you removed the most relevant thing and left only what would serve your preferred view. In short, manipulated the sources (and carefully placing them one after another so that the idea of "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" is gone but the idea of "Vlachs were a genus Italicum" is preserved (which is not under contention). So practically you removed some sources that were used as argument (proof) by one theory by removing the relevant element from them.Cealicuca (talk) 13:55, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Please read before commenting. No source was "manipulated": it is clear that Szántó believed that the Transylvanian Vlachs descended from Roman colonists who settled in Dacia Traiana. If you continue to misrepresent my edits, I will ignore your comments. Borsoka (talk) 14:23, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, it is not at all clear. The original was this:
  • Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scholar wrote was the first to write (around 1450) that the Romanians' ancestors had been Roman colonists settled by Emperor Trajan. This view was repeated by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, who stated in his work De Europa(1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians. Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century. Flavio Biondo noted that "the Dacians or Wallachs claim to have Roman origins"; Pietro Ranzano wrote that the Vlachs declared themselves "descendants of Italians"; the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius mentioned that Trajan "led the Vlachi along with Italian people into the kingdom, spread them all around the Dacian kingdom" and "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land"; the Hungarian Jesuit Stephan Szántó stated that the Wallachians were "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" and "true Italians" could understand their language.
you changed it into:
  • Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scholar was the first to write (around 1450) that the Romanians' ancestors had been Roman colonists settled by Emperor Trajan. In 1458, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini stated in his work De Europa (1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians. Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century.
Suddenly, the reference to "remaining in Dacia" and all that has vanished. Any reader, when asked to summarize the modified paragraph will say "yeah, some sources attest to the Romanians being of Roman stock" or whatever. The important reference to where they were romanized is gone. For example: Trajan "led the Vlachi along with Italian people into the kingdom, spread them all around the Dacian kingdom" and "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land"; the Hungarian Jesuit Stephan Szántó stated that the Wallachians were "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" and "true Italians" are all gone. So that's that - you changed the whole thing.Cealicuca (talk) 18:17, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you. Fair point. I changed the text to clarify the issue. Borsoka (talk) 01:07, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry, but I don't understand what exactly you fixed. One of the most important part is still missing: "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land". This part has been now replaced, practically, with Piccolomini's view, who "stated in his work De Europa (1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians.".
It is not fixed as the sources viewpoints are still not accurately presented. According to the "fix", Johannes Lebelius is, by association, in agreement with "Vlachs were a genus Italicum("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians." instead of his own "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land" which is something else entirely - Vlachs that remained in Dacia.
Basically, if we ask ourselves, "Would it be possible for the romanized dacians to migrate south and afterwards migrate north?"
  • The "new" paragraph says "Yes!", as there is nothing there to contradict that.
  • Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scholar was the first to write (around 1450) that the Romanians' ancestors had been Roman colonists settled in Dacia Traiana. In 1458, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini stated in his work De Europa (1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians. Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin from Roman settlers in Dacia Traiana was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century.
  • Previously, it would have been a "No!", since it was pretty clear it was not the case (see underlined text):
  • Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scholar wrote was the first to write (around 1450) that the Romanians' ancestors had been Roman colonists settled by Emperor Trajan. This view was repeated by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, who stated in his work De Europa(1458) that the Vlachs were a genus Italicum ("an Italian race") and were named after one Pomponius Flaccus, a commander sent against the Dacians. Piccolomini's version of the Vlachs' origin was repeated by many scholars—including the Italian Flavio Biondo and Pietro Ranzano, the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius and the Hungarian Stephan Szántó—in the subsequent century. Flavio Biondo noted that "the Dacians or Wallachs claim to have Roman origins"; Pietro Ranzano wrote that the Vlachs declared themselves "descendants of Italians"; the Transylvanian Saxon Johannes Lebelius mentioned that Trajan "led the Vlachi along with Italian people into the kingdom, spread them all around the Dacian kingdom" and "these people after so many severe fights which they have survived, remained in Dacia, and are now farmers of the land"; the Hungarian Jesuit Stephan Szántó stated that the Wallachians were "the offspring of an ancient colony of the Romans that used to be once in Transylvania" and "true Italians" could understand their language.Cealicuca (talk) 06:05, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I would appreciate if you commented actual text instead of additions made by yourself in your thoughts. Where is it mentioned that the Romanians' ancestors whenever left Dacia Traiana, according to Bracciolini, Piccolomini, Biondo, Lebelius, etc? Which sentence suggests that they says that the Vlachs returned to Transylvania? Borsoka (talk) 06:01, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]


Politics in the lead?

If the Habsburg policies have to be featured in the lead then we must mention how the Marxist/Leninist/Far-right doctrines of the National Communism used the continuity theory (e.g. [2]). Fakirbakir (talk) 20:40, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

What would be the relevance of that?Cealicuca (talk) 21:00, 27 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The relevance is that both sides had an axe to grind. Tgeorgescu (talk) 04:07, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, I meant that both communist governments tried to use history to prop their regimes. In both countries. Comparison with the Habsburg policies is unwarranted in this context. Apples to oranges.Cealicuca (talk) 11:02, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Wrong comparison, the Hungarian Communist Government was totally anti-Hungarian with zero national feelings, even chasing any idea that would be just a little bit "right", by any sense, practically they would gladly give up more territories to the neighbours just to have "less fascist" or "reactionist" in the country in their meaning, the total silence of sensitive questions and brainwash was the agenda of the hardline Communists in Hungary.(KIENGIR (talk) 12:23, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Are you refering to Bela Kun's government?Cealicuca (talk) 13:20, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, how could I refer to that??(KIENGIR (talk) 13:24, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]

I am happy that politics are not in the lead anymore (more accurately, it contains a sentence about politics, but that is absolutely NPOV). However, I am still thinking that the "Historiography: origin of the theories" section is missing some infos at its present state. If the section mentions that Sulzer's theory and Habsburg expansionism were connected then we will definitely have to write something about Ceaucescu's obsession with the continuity theory and the highly politicized Romanian historiography at the time of Ceaucescu (e.g. "From the Geto-Dacian state to the unitary Romanian state"[3]). So I suggest that we should either delete political related content or improve it. Fakirbakir (talk) 22:08, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I believe the context of that observation, as per the source, says a lot about this subject. It was about the obsession of the Dacian state. If anything, the communist regime lead to the birth of the all-dacian continuity theory. Things like "[...] In some extreme cases extravagant claims about the direct line of descent of Romanians not from the immixture of Dacians and Romanians [source mistake: Romans], that is Daco-Romans, but from Dacians alone. Thus, the argument ran, descent from the Dacians proved that the Romanians were indigenous to Romania [...]. Such surmise, by completely denying the role of the Romans in the ethnogenesis of Romanians, dispensed with the need to press the traditional theory of Daco-Roman continuity [...] The regime's obsession with with the Dacians was highlighted in 1980 when the propaganda section of the Central Commitee proposed the celebration of the 2050th anniversary of the foundation by King Burebista of the 'centralized independent Dacian state' [...]. The most authorative presentation of this view [the Dacian-only continuity] was given by Mirecea Musat and Ion Ardeleanu in their "From the Geto-Dacian state to the unitary Romanian state" [...]".
So my question now is: shouldn't we say that the Communist Regime actually hurt the development of the Daco-Roman theory? It didn't encourage it (as per the source you brought) but actually impeded it. There is a distinction between the Dacian Continuity promoted by the Communist regime in Romania and the Daco-Roman continuity.Cealicuca (talk) 22:41, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Lead

According to WP:LEAD, "The lead should stand on its own as a concise overview of the article's topic. It should identify the topic, establish context, explain why the topic is notable, and summarize the most important points, including any prominent controversies." For the time being, the lead is not fully in line with this policies. The last attempts to solve this problem resulted in a parody of lead, describing several aspects of a late 18th-century document and some minor issues ([4]). To fix the problems, I suggest the following text:

Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken in the Roman provinces north of the "Jireček Line" (a proposed notional line separating the predominantly Latin-speaking territories from the Greek-speaking lands in Southeastern Europe) in Late Antiquity. The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories.
The earliest records about the Vlachs' homeland are contradictory, but the idea that they descended from Roman ("Italian") colonists appeared already in the late 12th century. Humanist scholars were the first to propose (around 1450) that the Romanians' ethnogenesis started in Dacia Traiana. On the other hand, the earliest Moldavian chronicles described the ancestors of the Romanians of Maramureș and Moldavia as colonists who were settled in the Kingdom of Hungary to strengthen its defense and Transylvanian legislation did not regard the local Romanians as a native population. Wallachian historians started to emphasize the Dacians' role in the formation of the Romanian people in the early 18th century. Their theory became widely accepted and taught even in the schools of Hungary in the next century. Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' claim to emancipation, Austro-Hungarian and Romanian expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates.
Each theory have their own sets of arguments. Most defenders of the continuity theory regard the archaeological evidence for the development of the Romanian people from the Romanized population of Dacia Traiana (or Daco-Romans) undisputable. Their opponents emphasize that linguistic data exclude the continuous presence of the Romanians' ancestors in the lands north of the Lower Danube. In 2013, authors of The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages came to the conclusion that the "historical, archaeological and linguistic data available do not seem adequate to give a definitive answer" in the debate.[2] Their view was accepted by scholars contributing to The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages, published in 2016, which concludes that "the location and extent of the territory where "Daco-Romance" originated" is uncertain.[3]

References

  1. ^ Hitchins 2014, p. 17. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFHitchins2014 (help)
  2. ^ Andreose & Renzi 2013, p. 287. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAndreoseRenzi2013 (help)
  3. ^ Maiden 2016, p. 91. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFMaiden2016 (help)
  • Andreose, Alvise; Renzi, Lorenzo (2013). "Geography and distribution of the Romance languages in Europe". In Maiden, Martin; Smith, John Charles; Ledgeway, Adam (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages, Volume II: Contexts. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–334. ISBN 978-0-521-80073-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Hitchins, Keith (2014). A Concise History of Romania. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69413-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Maiden, Martin (2016). "Romanian, Istro–Romanian, Megleno–Romanian, and Arumanian". In Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–125. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Thank you for your comments in advance. Borsoka (talk) 01:58, 29 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I am ok with it.(KIENGIR (talk) 01:05, 30 November 2018 (UTC))[reply]
I will come back later in the day with a few comments. I must underline that overall I am pleasantly surprised by the proposal. As I said, I will add some specific comments later in the day. Peace.Cealicuca (talk) 08:20, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Let's see now...
  • Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. - OK
I find it weird that this is the second sentence in the lead, and reinforces the idea that the language is the main element while neglecting the others. this is not for an editor to decide frankly, but for the academics supporting (or criticizing) the theories. Keep the section clear and concise.
  • The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories. - OK
  • The earliest records about the Vlachs' homeland are contradictory, but the idea that they descended from Roman ("Italian") colonists appeared already in the late 12th century.
This is, again, simply cluttering. Moreover, using the anachronism "Vlach" is both confusing and breaking NPOV by association, since it will simply reinforce the only sentence that mentions Vlachs in the previous paragraph which is referring to the immigrationist theory.
  • Humanist scholars were the first to propose (around 1450) that the Romanians' ethnogenesis started in Dacia Traiana.
let's leave the scholar's arguments in favor of one theory or another for the sections dedicated to describing each theory.
  • On the other hand, the earliest Moldavian chronicles described the ancestors of the Romanians of Maramureș and Moldavia as colonists who were settled in the Kingdom of Hungary to strengthen its defense and Transylvanian legislation did not regard the local Romanians as a native population.
same as the two above, keep this for the presentation of the theories, if the relevance of that is given by a RS in the context of one or another theory.
  • Wallachian historians started to emphasize the Dacians' role in the formation of the Romanian people in the early 18th century.
Again using an anachronism - the sensible solution would be, if we would really want to underline the location of the scholars, to say "Romanian scholars from Wallachia". But, just like above, this is supposed to be lead. Short and concise. Leave the arguments (as they are made by the scholars) for the section dedicated to the theories.
  • Their theory became widely accepted and taught even in the schools of Hungary in the next century.
Again, leave it to the theories, not in the lead.
  • Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' claim to emancipation, Austro-Hungarian and Romanian expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates.
First comment, the "claim" is not a good choice of words here. The primary meaning of the word is "state / assert that something is true, generally without providing evidence or proof." I propose "activism". The second comment - Romanian expansionism is not backed up by any source so far. So either someone bring a source to back up that "Romanian expansionism" is mentioned in the context of any of the three theories or remove it. The only "Romanian expansionism" is expressed, and this is why I ask for sources, by communist elements during interwar periods (when referring to Bessarabia) or Bulgarian sources when it comes to Cadrilater. I would also add Lucian Boia's - History and Myth [...] since it seems a source that is respected by both sides. Relevant quote: "The denial of Romanian continuity and the bringing of the Romanians from south of the Danube obviously corresponded to Austro-Hungarian objectives in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It continues to be a point of dogma in present-day Hungarian historiography, where it serves to ensure chronological primacy in Transylvania for the Magyars."
So my proposal is (provided there's a WP:RS that mentions "Romanian expansionism", not necessarily literally, in the context of any of the mainstream theories - but especially the continuity and denial of continuity theory):
Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories.
Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' emancipation activism, Austro-Hungarian expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates.

Cealicuca (talk) 23:21, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

I have only one remark - though my initial statement did not change, and I'll let others right now to deal with the other things you pop up - that "Romanian expansionism" is considered the motivations and struggles to acquire Transylvania, by the concept of Daco-Romanism; in other words, the concept of Unirea, that manifested in countless occasions, thus I am surprised about your claim such would be only the "by communist elements during interwar periods"...how could you ignore this...although this is the primary and supreme core of everything...(KIENGIR (talk) 00:35, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Look, there is at least one WP:RS (hungarian) that describes the Transylvanian Romanians were actually "loyal subjects" of the Austro-Hungarian empire. They, initially at least, did not wish to unite with the Old Kingdom (and if I were'n afraid of a polemic I would start enumerating the reasons). They were "forced", along with others in Transylvania (like Germans) to do that because of the fear of magyarization (real or not) and because they were hopeless that in the end they would gain the political equality they were looking for (within the AH Empire, later Hungary). I will find the source and be back with it, ok?Cealicuca (talk) 01:10, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Please, you are totally missing the subject, I did not refer to the Transylvanian Romanians especially, or anybody according to location! The same way I disagree that Romanians or Germans would be "forced" of anything by the fear of Magyarization or they would be hopeless, it is really polemic and fringe! Transylvanian Romanians wanted to keep Transylvania's autonomy mainly even by joining Romania, while Germans first became neutral, later with one vote with the occupying Romanian army nearby they opted for Romania. But you don't have to find any source about this, because this is not the subject!
The subject is, that there were Romanians (apart from location, some in Transylvania, some in the Regat, I don't speak about a compact community or similar) and there was a poltical agenda for establishing the Unirea. This recurently came up by some leaders, shall it be the Church, or 1848, or the further rendering of the Daco-roman theory, but mainly motivated by this. From 1867 it was an open political agenda in the Kingdom of Romania by some circles, later with more support by the intelligentsia or in the parliament in a way. It is true that it may not manifest to an official policy, but the sounds of it and the agenda was known. I did not brought up this now to generate a 80 km long discussion again, don't worry, if we need sources for this, won't hard to find, calm down!(KIENGIR (talk) 01:29, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
I support Cealicuca's version of the lead. I assume it's just one paragraph, right? The second paragraph, as written by Borsoka, cannot possibly be included since the DRCT WP:RS disagree with all the statements made there (Pavel Parasca, Demir Dragnev, etc).Iovaniorgovan (talk) 01:37, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your comments. (2) Romanians are regarded a Romance people, because their language descended from the Vulgar Latin. That the language from which Romanian descended was spoken to the north of the "Jireček Line" is a common element of all theories. We editors should respect scholarly consensus. (4)-(8) "The lead should stand on its own as a concise overview of the article's topic. It should ... summarize the most important points": the development of the theories is an important element of the article (and the topic). (4) Why is the expression "Vlach" an anachronism? Romania was established in the lands to the north of the Lower Danube in 1859 while the sentence refers to 11th-13th century Balkan Vlachs. (7) Why is Wallachian an anachronism? It refers to scholars from Wallachia, some of them being of Greek origin. (9) That the Daco-Roman continuity theory served Romanian irredentism in the late 19th and the early 20th century is as well-supported by sources as the immigrationist theory's role in Hungarian irredentism after 1920. (I can refer, for instance, to Schramm, Gottfried (1997). Ein Damm bricht. Die römische Donaugrenze und die Invasionen des 5-7. Jahrhunderts in Lichte der Namen und Wörter (in German). R. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 278. ISBN 978-3-486-56262-0.) If we mention the Romanian scholar's view about the alleged dogmatism of Hungarian historians, we should also mention that a German scholar (Schramm) criticize the low scholarly level of studies supporting the continuity theory. I think the best solution if we ignore these view. (+1) Why do you want to ignore views reflecting the consensus of the international scholarly community? Two recently published books (the first one was published in 2013 by the Cambridge University Press, the second one in 2016 by Oxford University Press) explicitly contain this conclusion. My proposal is the following:

Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken in the Roman provinces north of the "Jireček Line" (a proposed notional line separating the predominantly Latin-speaking territories from the Greek-speaking lands in Southeastern Europe) in Late Antiquity. The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories.
The earliest records about the Vlachs' homeland the topic are contradictory, but the idea that they Romanian descended from the language of ancient Roman ("Italian") colonists appeared already in the late 12th century. Humanist scholars were the first to propose (around 1450) that the Romanians' ethnogenesis started in Dacia Traiana. On the other hand, the earliest Moldavian chronicles described the ancestors of the Romanians of Maramureș and Moldavia as colonists who were settled in the Kingdom of Hungary to strengthen its defense and Transylvanian legislation did not regard the local Romanians as a native population. Wallachian historians started to emphasize the Dacians' role in the formation of the Romanian people in the early 18th century. Their theory became widely accepted and taught even in the schools of Hungary in the next century. Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' claim to emancipation, Austro-Hungarian and Romanian expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates.
Each theory have their own sets of arguments. Most defenders of the continuity theory regard the archaeological evidence for the development of the Romanian people from the Romanized population of Dacia Traiana (or Daco-Romans) undisputable. In their view, the lack of evidence for mass migrations across the Lower Danube and the Carpathian Mountains contradicts the immigrationist theory. Proponents of the latter theory emphasize say that linguistic data exclude the continuous presence of the Romanians' ancestors in the lands north of the Lower Danube, while the gradual settlement of Romanian groups first in the mountainous regions, later in the lowlands in the same territory is well-documented. In 2013, authors of The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages came to the conclusion that the "historical, archaeological and linguistic data available do not seem adequate to give a definitive answer" in the debate.[2] Their view was accepted by scholars contributing to The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages, published in 2016, which concludes that "the location and extent of the territory where "Daco-Romance" originated" is uncertain.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Hitchins 2014, p. 17. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFHitchins2014 (help)
  2. ^ Andreose & Renzi 2013, p. 287. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAndreoseRenzi2013 (help)
  3. ^ Maiden 2016, p. 91. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFMaiden2016 (help)
  • Andreose, Alvise; Renzi, Lorenzo (2013). "Geography and distribution of the Romance languages in Europe". In Maiden, Martin; Smith, John Charles; Ledgeway, Adam (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages, Volume II: Contexts. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–334. ISBN 978-0-521-80073-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Hitchins, Keith (2014). A Concise History of Romania. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69413-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Maiden, Martin (2016). "Romanian, Istro–Romanian, Megleno–Romanian, and Arumanian". In Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–125. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Support.(KIENGIR (talk) 01:48, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Oppose Borsoka's version for reasons stated above: most DRCT WP:RS dispute those statements in the second paragraph (just read the authors I cited). The last two sentences of the third paragraph are also unnecessary (or, at best, could be combined into one).Iovaniorgovan (talk) 03:50, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Please name those authors who dispute those statements in the second paragraph. Why do you think that The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages and The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages are unneccessary? Borsoka (talk) 03:59, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
@KIENGIR:I was and I am calm. How about you? You seem a little on edge (all the "!" and such...). Anyway, Szilágyi N. Sándor's expresses twice that Transylvanian Romanians (at least at the level of political elite, the one who were actually making political use of the continuity theory): "[...] they were completely loyal citizens of Hungary at that time, and they would not have had an interest in joining Romania [...]" and "[...] Romanian politicians to the Hungarian state were necessarily loyal and ultimately law-abiding citizens [...]". I did not deny Romanian expansionism, but it had nothing to do with the development of the theories. The political emancipation of the Romanians in Transylvania did. We have plenty of sources for that - but OK, I might be wrong. I am not all knowing. So if there are RS linking the Romanian expansionism to the development of the theories please let us know. Thank you.
Sorry, also down you acknowledged what mistake you have commited because you are so sudden and it is useless to generate again long discussions just becase you are mistaking some contexts instantly, better concentrate just and only to the topic (however, despite you spent again time to "demonstrate" something that is not connected to the topic). Yes, you are partially wrong, because the development of theories had connection to the idea of acquariation to Transylvania, mutually vica-versa. Only in case I will care about this.(KIENGIR (talk) 12:34, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
@Borsoka:
  • (2) Romanians are regarded a Romance people, because their language descended from the Vulgar Latin. That the language from which Romanian descended was spoken to the north of the "Jireček Line" is a common element of all theories. We editors should respect scholarly consensus. - And who said we shouldn't? Still, the article is about the Romanian origin. That is explained by three mainstream theories. That Romanian is a Romance language is just one part of the argumentation. By bringing it in the summary it simply shifts to focus to the language, instead of the theories. Not a summary at all.
  • (4)-(8) "The lead should stand on its own as a concise overview of the article's topic. It should ... summarize the most important points": the development of the theories is an important element of the article (and the topic). - Yes, the development is important, but it is not the only one that is important. It is also polemical and it will invite other "expansions" of this summary.
  • (4) Why is the expression "Vlach" an anachronism? Romania was established in the lands to the north of the Lower Danube in 1859 while the sentence refers to 11th-13th century Balkan Vlachs. - Because it is when it's used to describe to Romanian people as they are today, and it's funny you claim otherwise.
  • (7) Why is Wallachian an anachronism? It refers to scholars from Wallachia, some of them being of Greek origin. - I agree with this point.
  • (9) That the Daco-Roman continuity theory served Romanian irredentism in the late 19th and the early 20th century is as well-supported by sources as the immigrationist theory's role in Hungarian irredentism after 1920. - So you say. We have yet any source to support that (but please add one if you have). The Daco-Roman continuity theory was used by the Transylvanian Romanians in their fight for political and social emancipation. Nothing else (so far as per RS). "we should also mention that a German scholar (Schramm) criticize the low scholarly level of studies supporting the continuity theory." I don't see how the "low scholarly level of studies [...]" supports your claim that

"That the Daco-Roman continuity theory served Romanian irredentism".

  • Why do you want to ignore views reflecting the consensus of the international scholarly community? Two recently published books (the first one was published in 2013 by the Cambridge University Press, the second one in 2016 by Oxford University Press) explicitly contain this conclusion. - I did not ignore your views. And you're really not saying what consensus, consensus about what conclusion?
So my counter-proposal is: (for a leading summary) is:
Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories.
Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' political and social emancipation activism, Austro-Hungarian expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates.Cealicuca (talk) 09:26, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
(4)-(8) You simply ignored my argumentation. We should summarize the most important points of the article. (9) You misunderstood my message. Please read more carefully. (+1) You did not answer my question. Sorry, if you continue this type of communication, I will ignore your messages. Borsoka (talk) 09:54, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I did not ignore your argumentation. It's just that your argumentation is... irrelevant. Nobody said to ignore sources (although you claim that, for what purpose - I'm sure we shall discover...). The point is that a summary section must and should include the conclusions that the theories reach, and not delve into the argumentation (which, by the way, opens pandora's box). For that - we have the sections dedicated to each theory. Even language is simply a component of the theories (several linguistic details are used as arguments by each theory). As for (9), again, the Daco-Roman Continuity theory did not serve any Romanian irredentism according to the sources I've read. It was used as a political tool, true. So if you have a source, a relevant RS source, please do bring it to surface. I've come to understand that you have access to lots and lots of sources.
I already responded to your question (+1). I said: "I did not ignore your views. And you're really not saying what consensus, consensus about what conclusion?".Cealicuca (talk) 10:49, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

OK. I shortened the lead. We cannot ignore that Romanian descends from a Latin variant spoken to the north of the Jireček Line, because this is the basis of all mainstream theories. Neither could we ignore, that independent scholars regard the debate undecided in the 2010s.

Several theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken in the Roman provinces north of the "Jireček Line" (a proposed notional line separating the predominantly Latin-speaking territories from the Greek-speaking lands in Southeastern Europe) in Late Antiquity. The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube. The competing immigrationist theory states that the Romanians' ethnogenesis commenced in the provinces south of the river with Romanized local populations (known as Vlachs in the Middle Ages) spreading through mountain refuges, both south to Greece and north through the Carpathian Mountains. According to the "admigration theory", migrations from the Balkan Peninsula to the lands north of the Danube contributed to the survival of a Romance-speaking population in those territories.
Political motivations—the Transylvanian Romanians' efforts to achieve their emancipation, Austro-Hungarian and Romanian[2] expansionism, and Hungarian irredentism—influenced the development of the theories, and "national passions"[1] still color the debates. In 2013, authors of The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages came to the conclusion that the "historical, archaeological and linguistic data available do not seem adequate to give a definitive answer" in the debate.[3] Their view was accepted by scholars contributing to The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages, published in 2016, which concludes that "the location and extent of the territory where "Daco-Romance" originated" is uncertain.[4]

Borsoka (talk) 11:26, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Two things - actually one (that applies to two things).
  • You are (at best) WP:CHERRYPICKING with attributing "Romanian expansionism" as a factor in the development of the theories to Schramm. As I said, the prevalent view (substantiated by a whole slew of sources NOT mentioning this) is that Romanian expansionism (such as it was) did not influence the Daco-Roman Continuity theory. It was the political struggle of the Transylvanian Romanians political elite. This is virtually what all WP:RS agree on, and it is mentioned already. Yet you added the Schramm citation to the "Romanian expansionism", which at best is a minority view. The struggle for social and political equality of the Transylvanian Romanian political elite does not equate to Romanian expansionism. Nor does it mean that Romanian expansionism did not exist, but it had no effect per say to the development of the Daco-Roma theory. Or are you saying that it affected the development of the Immigrationist theory? Or the Admigration theory? Please clarify.
  • The last two sentences are WP:CHERRYPICK since there are sources on both sides of the isle who are "certain" that the romanians originated from one place or another. We also have non-hungarian / non-romanian WP:RS that actually accept on or another theory as the working premise for their studies (implicitly considering one theory or another as acceptable). Moreover, those are linguistic studies, limited in scope (which is not the same with the scope of the theories).Cealicuca (talk) 12:20, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry, I do not continue this absurd debate with you. If you think that books recently published by CUP and OUP do not represent the POV of neutral scholars on this issue, I have no reason to continue this debate. Borsoka (talk) 09:12, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
@Borsoka So you unilaterally closed this debate and published your edit without consensus!? I'm afraid the admin folks clearly admonished us against doing such a thing. I suggest you revert your edit and seek a third opinion before adding this bit to the article.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 09:43, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, I will not seek third opinion. I do not want to waste editors' time to read absurd claims as they can be read above. Borsoka (talk) 09:49, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I did not say, nor think that books recently published by CUP and OUP do not represent the POV of neutral scholars on this issue. What I am saying is that all theories make use of several types of arguments - linguistics being one of them - and those sources that you added are linguistics in nature (limiting thus the scope). Any reader would naturally assume strong emphasis on the linguistic elements of the theories, in the detriment of others (written sources, archaeological etc.). Moreover, using the same argument as you (OUP source being NPOV), I could point out to the Oxford Ecyclopedia of the Middle Ages - which for example references several times the "native" Daco-Romans in different contexts (like when the settlement of the Slavs in the 5th or 6th century lead to an evolution of the native Daco-Romans). So the Oxford Encyclopedia of Middle Ages goes another route than those linguistic studies. Why would a linguistic study outweigh a history encyclopedia in the study of a historical subject?
For the "Romanian expansionism" - again. I do not say it existed or not, but you imply it and that it had a role in the development of the theory. Which it did not. It was the Transylvanian Romanians that made use of it in their political struggle. For example, here is a Hungarian recent source describing the Transylvania Romanians as loyal subjects. Moreover, I believe you are already aware of the fact that Carol I had no intention whatsoever to joining Entente (that happens after his death), Carol I being Romania's king between declaring independence and joining WW I. During that time nobody can argue that Romanian expansionism was targeted towards Transylvania.
And I'm sorry you feel like this is an absurd discussion. It seemed like we are inching forward to a compromise...Cealicuca (talk) 10:15, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You again did not understand that was explained earlier, that the subject has not any connection to the Transylvanian Romanians suggested loyalty, neither to the official pro-Central Powers stance of the King. Simply there were ideas and movements among Romanians - shall they be anywhere - that openly argued and targeted the "Unirea", expressis verbis.(KIENGIR (talk) 10:40, 6 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]

Drăganu's map

Drăganu's map should be deleted. It is a very old map its content is laughable. Fakirbakir (talk) 22:00, 29 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, it is funny. Gottfried Schramm noticed in 1997 that the scholarly level of the continuity theory is extremly low. However, Madgearu accepts a very similar view and refers to similarly debatable etymologies to substantiate this view. The presence of a sizeable Vlach population in Pannonia at the time of the Magyar conquest is accepted by some Romanian historians. I think we should modify the caption to make it clear that this map was designed in 1935 and its etymologies are not widely accepted. Borsoka (talk) 00:27, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Yes, at least to explain that the so-called "names of Romanian origin" are just Drăganu's supposition, since many names are clearly have zero connection to aynthing Romanian (my favorites are Feketeardó, Hajdúböszörmény, Nagykanizsa, Alcsút, Felcsút, Vajdahomok, Nagyrippény, Vad, but I better do not continue the list).(KIENGIR (talk) 01:23, 30 November 2018 (UTC))[reply]
My personal favorites are the 11th-13th-century Latin translations of Hungarian place names found in Latin documents (such as Aqua Striga and Piscina Rotunda), which are used as evidence for the presence of a Romanian-speaking population. Maybe the Romanians' ancestors spoke Latin even in the 11th-13th centuries and only later adopted a semi-Romance language. :) :) :) Borsoka (talk) 01:32, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I did notice the addition of the semi-Romance language. That in itself (so a 19th century observation used to open a section over modern linguists opinion) , is laughable, but we'll get there too. On another note, I can't help but notice a certain conversion of this talk page into a forum.Cealicuca (talk) 08:25, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Borsoka, plus we can add to the problematic (= non-Romanian origin names) that are just considered like so ad-hoc (like Brassó) or those of composed of possible foreign and Hungarian origin and was phonetically transcripted to Romanian but does not have a meaning in Romanian (Temesvár), or those who are treated as "Romanian-origin" just because they include a Hungarian reference as being Romanian-majority inhabited or village founded for Romanians, i.e. Oláhfenes, where the original village was founded as "Fenes" (Hungarian etymology), and later it got the Oláh suffix because Vlach's were settled and soon it became a type of village mentioned before. Similarly as Oláhtelek, that seems founded and meant initially for Vlachs.(KIENGIR (talk) 11:17, 30 November 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Yes, many places on the map do contain names that are definitely not Romanian in origin. If no one objects, I also think it should be removed. TrixAreForKidsSillyRabbit (talk) 12:03, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Of course, should there be WP:RS that mention all that you guys are saying in the context of one of the mainstream theories that explain the Origin of Romanians, please add it. If scholars studying the subject had deemed it relevant, by all means add if. Otherwise it's WP:SYNTH in case it is not at all related to the Romanian ethnogenesys or, in case it is not related to any of the three mainstream theories according to WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT it shouldn't be added. Again, we're not here to "gather" evidence one way or another, nor to establish what is relevant or not according to our own belief of what is true or not, or even logic. Oh, just to make myself clear, I DO object. Having it "old" is no reason for removing it. As stated above, go ahead and brin relevant RS to support the inconsistencies and we'll remove it then. Until then, of course that "old" and "laughable" are not grounds for removal.WP:NOTTRUTHCealicuca (talk) 12:04, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The accuracy of this map has never been demonstrated. What are the reliable sources to support the accuracy of this map? Can you bring relevant sources to show that all the places of this map are Romanian settlements between the 9th and 14th centuries? TrixAreForKidsSillyRabbit (talk) 12:37, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Just like other maps here (I remember one recently) as long as there is no problem (ie: relevant sources showing there is a problem with it) it should be treated the same. I fail to see how one could apply different rules to one map over another. On another hand, the map itself is "Vatra străromână", drawing according with Jireček, Petrović, Popp, Pușcariu, Rosetti and also Mircea Cociu, Spațiul etnic românesc, ed. Militară, Bucharest 1993, ISBN 973-32-0367-XCealicuca (talk) 12:44, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Please try not to waste other editors' time. Draganu's funny map is the subject of this discussion. Borsoka (talk) 14:41, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You probably missed this: Just like other maps here (I remember one recently) as long as there is no problem (ie: relevant sources showing there is a problem with it) it should be treated the same. I fail to see how one could apply different rules to one map over another. On another hand, the map itself is "Vatra străromână", drawing according with Jireček, Petrović, Popp, Pușcariu, Rosetti and also Mircea Cociu, Spațiul etnic românesc, ed. Militară, Bucharest 1993, ISBN 973-32-0367-X - this was about this map.Cealicuca (talk) 14:53, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, you misunderstand. I must again repeat: please read before commenting. Borsoka (talk) 15:00, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I understand perfectly. Try this:
  • 1. Click on map (you will see an enlarged version of it).
  • 2. On the bottom left-hand corner there's a big clue button called "More Details". Click on it.
  • 3. You should now be on this Wiki page.
  • 4. Read the description. It's in the Summary section.
Since you seem to be so concerned about other editors' time, I must return the favor so I hope this is neither complicated, nor inconvenient for you. Enjoy.Cealicuca (talk) 15:16, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You do not understand. Search it in the section "Romania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages". Borsoka (talk) 15:46, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Ah, yes. I must admit my mistake and apologize for it (mistaken the map in question for another). Could you please be more specific next time? Thank you.
In any case, I reiterate that if there are relevant (see above about the relevant RS) WP:RS contradicting the map the of course, it can be removed. But I cannot support a removal on the grounds of "funny", "old" etc. etc. So please, I know you have have access to lots and lots of sources, cite a relevant (see above about the relevant RS) source and I will be on board with your proposal, no questions asked. Peace.Cealicuca (talk) 16:26, 30 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Iovaniorgovan (talk) 06:46, 4 December 2018 (UTC) Draganu's map will not be deleted, for the reasons I already explained in this Talk section (which, "for some reason", got archived too early). I don't see any new arguments here, so it appears we're going around in circles. To those who contest the map, feel free to ask for third opinion, request for comments, etc. Else, please don't waste editors' time by opening identical Talk sections every two weeks just because you can't achieve consensus.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 01:25, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

You forget that by other's good faith the map was not contested finally, you did not really built consensus for it, but eventually it was let to put, the opposite did not depend on much! And please, do no accuse others about "wasting other editors time" or "opening identical Talk sections every two weeks just because you can't achieve consensus", because exactly with this phenomenon we met in the past months and you have been a major participant in it!(KIENGIR (talk) 01:42, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
I still suggest that the caption should be changed. My proposal is the following: "Romanian settlements in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th-14th centuries, according to a map published in 1933. The map presents all settlements which are deemed to be inhabited by Romanians in the period on the basis of place names and personal names. Many of the place names are of Hungarian or Slav origin, or refer to Italian and Walloon colonists, according to later studies." Borsoka (talk) 02:02, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
In case, I would prefer like so:
"Romanian settlements in the 9th-14th centuries, according to a map published in 1933. The map presents all settlements (in cursive) which are deemed to be inhabited by Romanians in the period on the basis of place names and personal names according to the author. Many of the place names are of Hungarian or Slavic or other origin, or refer to Italian and Walloon colonists, according to later studies."(KIENGIR (talk) 02:34, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
If the text "or other origin" is deleted, I would be happy with this caption. Borsoka (talk) 02:57, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Ok, shall it be like so.(KIENGIR (talk) 03:11, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Not trying to further this, but I'm just curious. Which sources back up this: "Many of the place names are of Hungarian or Slav origin, or refer to Italian and Walloon colonists, according to later studies."?Cealicuca (talk) 11:05, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There are plenty of sources, but a general work is the "Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára" (Etymological Encyclopedia of Toponyms) by Lajos Kiss ([5]). That the wine regions in Syrmium, around Eger and Tokay were colonized by Italians and Walloons (instead of Vlachs) is well-known. Borsoka (talk) 11:34, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Borsoka, KIENGIR, The map belongs in the DRCT section, which is where it will end up eventually. The map summarizes DRCT viewpoints, and amending the caption (as per your suggestions) would violate what the WP:RS (Draganu) has to say about it. As I've already shown, Draganu's book is still hugely influential and this map, by and large, represents the DRCT scholarly view. If you have IT sources saying otherwise then please feel free to present them in the IT section. In fact, I see you've already shoehorned your "Rivers" table back into the article without consensus even though it's presented as a statement of fact, with no reference to IT. But, no worries, we'll get to that soon. So, again, the Draganu map belongs in DRCT. The "Rivers" table belongs in IT. Very simple.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 09:16, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

@Iovaniorgovan:, as per agreement the text written under the map may be formed and in case we put "according to the author/Drăganu" it does not contradict anything, as the supposition of the new text as well did not contradicted the authors original consideration, just intended to put it's proper evaluation in order.
"In fact, I see you've already shoehorned your "Rivers"....etc." -> if you want to insist this would be a recent edit, you are false and anyway I have no involvement in it. Simply by your former edit warring with other users it was the by-product of their restoration of the article as it standed before the admins intervened and set the new editing policies. Thus, recently it has not any connection to any "possible failure of consensus" or any failure of any new regulation imposed by the admins.(KIENGIR (talk) 15:05, 2 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
We cannot ignore the fact that Draganu's etymologies are challenged by a number of scholars. Alternatively, it could be deleted, as it is suggested by most editors. Borsoka (talk) 09:18, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
As far as I know, Wikipedia does not rely on counting votes but rather on respecting Wiki guidelines. Again, Draganu's work constitutes WP:RS and represents "current mainstream" DRCT viewpoints and it should be moved to the DRCT section. It won't be deleted.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 09:57, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry, WP is not a personal place to play, but a community experience. You do not understand it. I deleted the map as per above discussion. Borsoka (talk) 10:11, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There was no consensus whatsoever for the deletion of the map (a properly sourced WP:RS). Your edit was in violation of Wiki guidelines and I will follow proper Wikipedia channels to sanction your act of complete disregard for standard procedures and the advice of admins following the recent blocks. Whether it's through the pending dispute resolution or through other mediating forums, this is not the end of this chapter.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 06:46, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-Romance language

The following statement (among others) was added by Borsoka (without any discussion on the talk page) while the editor himself was complaining of others adding/moving content without discussion...

So let's see, beside WP:CHERRYPICKING, it tries to present a WP:FRINGE statements under the guise of a respected source. The chapter describes the history of Romance language studies. The same author (R. Pozner) then goes on and mentions that although Diez's work remained very important for half a century it has been improved and surpassed by other works. Interestingly enough, R. Pozner then goes on with her own study of Romance languages and Romanian is analyzed along with the other Romance languages without any distinction (see for Chapter "What is a Romance language" p. 43, p. 65 etc.). I would say that R. Pozan is of greater relevance to the Romanian language than Diez.

It's simply just another attempt at an anecdotal piece of "evidence" added in this article on the part of Borsoka or, as we can see on this talk page, just to get a laugh.

In any case, I respectfully invite the editor to remove thisCealicuca (talk) 00:02, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

The whole context is the following: "One of the first scholars who systematically studied the Romance languages, Friedrich Christian Diez, described Romanian as a semi-Romance language in the 1830s.[5] In 2009, Kim Schulte likewise argued that "Romanian is a language with a hybrid vocabulary".[6] The proportion of loanwords in Romanian is indeed higher than in other Romance languages.[7] Its certain structural features—such as the construction of the future tense—also distinguish Romanian from other Romance languages.[7] The same peculiarities connect it to Albanian, Bulgarian and other tongues spoken in the Balkan Peninsula.[8] Nevertheless, as linguist Graham Mallinson emphasizes, Romanian "retains enough of its Latin heritage at all linguistic levels to qualify for membership of the Romance family in its own right", even without taking into account the "re-Romancing tendency" during its recent history.[9] The core vocabulary is to a large degree Latin, including the most frequently used 2500 words.[10][11] Around one-fifth of the entries of the 1958 edition of the Dictionary of the Modern Romanian have directly been inherited from Latin.[12] More than 75% of the words in the semantic fields of sense perception, quantity, kinship and spatial relations are of Latin origin, but the basic lexicons of religion and of agriculture have also been preserved.[13][14]" Consequently, the presentation of the issue is neutral and fully in line with scholars who study the languge. Furthermore, the section provides a good background for the development of the theories, especially because all theories deal with these issues.

References

  1. ^ a b Hitchins 2014, p. 17. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFHitchins2014 (help)
  2. ^ Schramm 1997, p. 278. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  3. ^ Andreose & Renzi 2013, p. 287. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAndreoseRenzi2013 (help)
  4. ^ Maiden 2016, p. 91. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFMaiden2016 (help)
  5. ^ Posner 1996, p. 4.
  6. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 250. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  7. ^ a b Pei 1976, p. 143.
  8. ^ Petrucci 1999, p. 9.
  9. ^ Mallinson 1988, p. 418.
  10. ^ Boia 2004, p. 54.
  11. ^ Pană Dindelegan 2013, p. 3.
  12. ^ Mallinson 1988, p. 417.
  13. ^ Schulte 2009, pp. 239, 243–244. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  14. ^ Spinei 2009, pp. 224, 269.

Borsoka (talk) 03:44, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

No Borsoka, what you said is the context is WP:SYNTH. The context, as the source presents it, is the one I described.Cealicuca (talk) 09:04, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, it is not synthesis. That modern scholarship regard it as a Romance language is emphasized in the same text. Modern scholars describe Romanian as a peculiar member of the Romance family. This is what the text says, fully in accordance with the cited sources. We could delete the "likewise" expression form the second sentence. Borsoka (talk) 09:16, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You took out a quote from a source, without providing the context that source meant (which I did). The same statement is, today, WP:FRINGE (at best) yet you are using it in the article, mingled with other statements from other sources. "Modern scholars describe Romanian as a peculiar member of the Romance family." - "peculiar" is a weasel term, and no matter how hard you try, modern scholars (including the source you took the statement from!) do not refer to Romanian as a "semi-romance" language. It is a Romance language that has some specific characteristic due to (enter here a lot of reasons). Furthermore, this is just another "piece of evidence" that you scour the sources for, that has no proven relevance (as per the source, not as per your view) to any of the theories.
So you do insist on keeping this statement?Cealicuca (talk) 11:13, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The same context is provided based on an other source (Mallinson). Until a Romanian linguist's POV about the unmodified Latin structure of Romanian is mentioned in the article, we should keep the balance through mentioning that it is not a clear issue. Borsoka (talk) 10:16, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Why should I have a Romanian PoV's when Posner treats Romanian under the same Romance language category? Again, you took something from Posner, which is used by Posner to illustrate the development of romance language study development. Posner states that the thing you took is outdated (was considered "the Bible" of Romance language studies for 50 years). Posner then goes further, in accordance with the overwhelming majority of modern linguists, and treats Romanian as a Romance (not semi-Romance) languages. But no, you had to squeeze in the article an already rebutted, outdated opinion. And the fact that Romanian is a Romance language with peculiarities is not the same as "semi-Romance" language (whatever semi-Romance language may mean). You are pushing it hard. In Mallison's own words Romanian language "retains enough of its Latin heritage at all linguistic levels to qualify for membership of the Romance family in its own right".Cealicuca (talk) 14:35, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Yes, and Mallinson's words are quoted. Borsoka (talk) 14:41, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
So what if Mallison is quoted? You said/implied Mallison shares the same opinion as Diez!!! Mallison (as Posner) does not share it. Diez's "semi-romance language". This is what we are talking about. You run out of excuses for your blatant WP:OR / WP:SYNTH.Cealicuca (talk) 14:47, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Read before commenting. Sorry, I do not want to discuss your thoughts about my thoughts. Borsoka (talk) 14:58, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Sure, I understand you don't want to comment on my thoughts about your thoughts, since this is not happening what's happening. Nut maybe you can then enlighten us about:
  • What is the relevance of this Diez's "remark" in relation to the Origin of Romanians. The relevance according to scholars, not according to you.
  • Explain why should there even be a mention of a study that is outdated, as per the very source (Posner) you mention. Even the source you cite from (Posner), is in disagreement with Diez - clearly treating Romanian just as any other Romance language (treating Romanian and other Romance languages in bulk, not in a differentiated way).Cealicuca (talk) 15:13, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Posner mentions it in his study dedicated to the Romance languages. She even emphasizes that the Balkan features of Romanian distinguish it from all other languages (Posner op. cit. page 340). By the way, she does not say that it is outdated. (I also think that it is outdated, but we should not verify our own thoughts referring to scholars.) Borsoka (talk) 15:31, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You haven't answered what is the relevance of Diez's remark in relation to the Origin of Romanians. As per Posner (since this is where you quoted from).
Posner mentions Diez only to show the chronological development of the field of romance language studies. Moreover, on p. 4 (the same page that you took the remark from...), Posner says: "[...] Wilhelm Meyer, whose own Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen (1890 - 1902), translated immediately into French, was to replace that of Diaz [...]" and goes on to explain in more details why this has happened, as the latter work was an improvement in a lot of ways over Diez's work. At any rate - Posner clearly established Diez's work as outdated.
Moreover, and again taking things out of context, Posner may mention all the things you say, but even though you try and equate that (through Posner's voice nonetheless) the particularities of Romanian with a "semi-Romance language" (whatever that is since neither you nor the source explains), Posner does not mention anywhere this. It's just your WP:OR.Cealicuca (talk) 17:21, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, I do not try to credit Posner with describing Romanian as a semi-Romance language, I only say, that she also distinguishes it from all other Romance languages. However, Posner establishes the relevance of the statement that you have been challenging. Posner says that Diez wrote one of the first books dedicated to the development of the Romance languages from Vulgar Latin and she thinks that Diez's description of Romanian ("a semi-Romance language") is relevant enough to be mentioned in this context. Borsoka (talk) 17:45, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Yes, and Posner's mention is relevant in the context of the development of the studies of Romance languages. That's it. Oh wait, there's more. Posner also establishes Diez's work as being outdated. It's not the context you have used the statement in, as per the article. Again, how is this (outdated) work of Diez relevant, as per Posner, to the origin of Romanian people?Cealicuca (talk) 17:51, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Again (and before you unilaterally decide to archive stuff that's only 4-5 days old) could you justify this semi-Romance addition with anything other than you getting a kick out of it on the talk page?
  • What is the relevance, as stated by Posner, between this remark and the Origin of Romanians (Did Posner conclude that Diez's work influenced one theory or another?). I looked at the source and there's nothing about this connection, but maybe I am mistaken. So please clarify.Cealicuca (talk) 10:29, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
We do not need to prove that Diez's work influenced one of the theories about the Romanians' ethnogenesis. We should prove that Diez's work influenced scholars who studied the development of Romance languages (including Romanian), because the Romanians' ethnogenesis cannot be studied independently of the development of the language. Posner makes this context clear. References to other scholars in the text (as it is demonstrated above) also prove, that there are number of elements of the Romanian variants (vocabulary, syntax, phonetics, etc) which sharply differentiate them from all other Romance languages. That the Romance character of the language was deliberately strengthened through intensive borrowings from French (and Italian and scholarly Latin) during the last centuries is a common place in linguistic literature cited in the article. Sorry, I stop discussing this issue. Borsoka (talk) 04:59, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Such an interesting answer, and an even more interesting rationalization of it... So I guess you can back it up with a citation from Posner (needs to be from Posner since that is the source you cite for this statement) in which Diez's work is shown to have influenced linguists studying Romance languages (including Romanian) who, in turn (the same linguists who were influenced by Diez's work, otherwise it's irrelevant), are shown (by the same source, otherwise it is WP:SYNTH) that their work was referenced by scholars who studied the Romanian's ethnogenesis. So where is this citation from Posner?Cealicuca (talk) 16:24, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Historic Background section -- Unnecessary and Biased

The Historic Background section is completely unnecessary and should be deleted. There's nothing in that section that cannot be gleaned from the WP:RS (if properly summarized). There's also such a thing as hyperlinking, when in doubt, so there's no need for "historic background" in addition to what the sources say. To boot, there are Wikipedia pages for History of the Balkans, and History of Romania for the reader who wants more in-depth info. Finally, the word "Romanian" is mentioned only 3 times in this section; the word "Vlach" is mentioned once; meanwhile, the words Hun/Hungarian/Hungary are mentioned 10 times!! All this in the "historic background" section of the Origin of the Romanians article. I wonder who wrote this piece... There are many other issues with this section but it's all moot because the entire section should be marked for deletion.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 02:05, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

You may not know, but there are about 6,5 billion people who have no knowledge of the history of Southeastern and Central Europe. We should provide them a general picture. The Huns are mentioned once, but we can delete some references to the Hungarians if it is so disturbing. Borsoka (talk) 02:11, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I diasgree complete deletion, some parts may be tranformed partially but only with consensus.(KIENGIR (talk) 02:38, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
  • Support integrating it in each theory's section - This is self evident. The only relevant info on this article should be the historic context of the theories (the historical context of their development). History of [insert country name here] - there are dedicated articles on that. Having a short (one-two sentence) neutral summary is no excuse for a lot of unrelated (to any of the mainstream theories representing mainstream academic views on the subject).Cealicuca (talk) 11:30, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
How could you distribute the facts between the theories? Could you quote a single sentence which should only be mentioned in connection with only one of the theories? Borsoka (talk) 11:37, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Stop with the false premises (statements that have a false assumption from which a conclusion arises). I did not say, nor do I wish to distribute "evidence". But maybe you are... As for your assessment - "Romanian is a language of Latin origin only in connection with the continuity theory" - if there are sources using the Romance aspect of the language as an argument in favour of the continuity theory, we need to present that interpretation (view). If there are sources using the same aspect of the Romanian language (a Romance language) arguing that this is an argument for the immigrationist theory, we should present that interpretation (view). If there are sources using the argument that Romanian is a Romance language in arguing for the admigration theory, we should present that interpretation (view). Simple. We do not get to distribute anything, and we present in a neutral way all points of view.Cealicuca (talk) 13:02, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Absurd. Why should we mention the same fact three times? Could you refer to sn encyclopedia which repeats the same fact three times in the same article? Borsoka (talk) 16:46, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Why? Because we don't present the "facts" (therefore we don't repeat the same thing three times, as you seem to be concerned). We present the interpretations the scholars give to those "facts".
No, it is not absurd at all. Say the "evidence" is "The Sun is a dwarf star." Say you had an article that deals with how our solar system formed, and you have two competing theories (example just for the sake of it, not factual necessarily).
  • One says: "Because the Sun is a dwarf star, it would have been impossible to retain as many planets as there are now in our solar system. Therefore some of those planets are "wanderer" planets that have been captured by the gravity of the Sun over time".
  • The competing theory says: "Because we have so many planets in the Solar system, and because the sun is a dwarf star, it means that the Sun must have had a companion star."
It is only absurd because you do not wish to present the context that the sources give that evidence. It is absurd only when you think in terms of "evidence. Collecting "evidence". You believe that this article should somehow present all the "facts". Sorry, "neutral facts". Irrespective of how the academia thinks those "facts" fit in the picture. The main problems with that is that, since we no longer attribute meaning to the evidence according to the sources, we can make whatever we want with that "evidence" and paint whatever picture we want. Arrange them differently, put one next to another, remove one from a section etc. And what do you know, we're now pushing the idea and the view we like, not the one that was meant by the source.Cealicuca (talk) 17:00, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
You have not named a single encyclopedia which repeats the same facts in the same article. Sorry, I will not comment your proposals which could result in an original encyclopedical structure. It is extremly annoying, that you have been blowing up this Talk page for months only to repeat the same set of arguments. We are discussing the same issue under half a dozen subtitles now. Borsoka (talk) 09:01, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, I have not. This is simply because other encyclopedias, and I mean serious ones - not encyclopedias who leave the content of an article to the whims of one editor and his group of friends, have no qualms in weighing the theories and establishing a basic framework for their content. Yes, they do nod towards the fact that there is a debate, but that's it. Not more than a nod...:


The fate of the Romanized, or Daco-Roman, population north of the Danube after Aurelian’s withdrawal has been a subject of great controversy. Many scholars, especially Hungarians, argue that Romanization in Dacia was, in fact, modest and that the later Romanian population living north of the Carpathians was not native to the region but migrated there from south of the Danube. Other scholars, including the majority of Romanians, insist that a substantial Romanized population maintained itself continuously in old Dacia and that the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people occurred precisely there. The account that follows expands upon the latter interpretation.

- This is from Britannica in case you're wondering. Or is Britannica biased?
So other encyclopedias are not concerned with the "facts", "evidence" whatever. Being encyclopedia, they rather focus on the result - and what do you know They even assign WP:WEIGHT to it to their further explaining of things. But this is not what is happening here. No, here we have an article that somehow is rather concerned in presenting "evidence". Lots and lots of it. And have the editors fight over which bit of evidence comes first, and the language and whatever.Cealicuca (talk) 15:36, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
(1) If you had read Britannica, you would have realized that it also mentions the Goths, Huns, Gepids, Slavs, Avars, Bulgars and Hungarians, similarly to first section of the article. (2) As I mentioned several times, recent summaries of the subject regard evidence for the continuity theory unconvincing. Borsoka (talk) 15:48, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I wasn't the one to bring up other encyclopedias. You did. Yes, it mentions Goths, Huns, Gepids, Slavs, Avars, Bulgars and Hungarians. So what? Has anyone argued against it? It is irrelevant to what we were talking. Here, let's see the full quote:

The fate of the Romanized, or Daco-Roman, population north of the Danube after Aurelian’s withdrawal has been a subject of great controversy. Many scholars, especially Hungarians, argue that Romanization in Dacia was, in fact, modest and that the later Romanian population living north of the Carpathians was not native to the region but migrated there from south of the Danube. Other scholars, including the majority of Romanians, insist that a substantial Romanized population maintained itself continuously in old Dacia and that the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people occurred precisely there. The account that follows expands upon the latter interpretation.

The Slavs
For nearly eight centuries after the withdrawal of the Roman administration and army, Dacia was overrun by a series of migratory peoples. The earliest of them—the Visigoths (275–376), the Huns (end of the 4th century to 454), and the Germanic Gepidae (454–567)—had little impact on the Daco-Roman population. But the Avars’ defeat of the Gepidae in 567 opened the way for a massive advance of Slavs into Dacia. Together with the Avars, the Slavs then broke through the Danube frontier of the Byzantine Empire in 602 and occupied much of the Balkan Peninsula. Now, for the first time since Trajan’s conquest, Dacia was cut off from the Roman (Byzantine) world.
The Slavs achieved political and social preeminence in Dacia in the 8th century, but even then they were undergoing assimilation by the more numerous Daco-Romans. Their position was enhanced in the 9th century when the rulers of the first Bulgarian empire extended their control over Dacia following Charlemagne’s crushing defeat of the Avars in 791–796. Local Slav chiefs apparently entered into a vassal relationship with the Bulgarian tsars, who, after the conversion of Boris I to Christianity in 864, served as religious and cultural intermediaries between Dacia and the Byzantine Empire.
- from Britannica
So except a brief (and only) mention of the Hungarian view on the matter, the encyclopedia makes it quite clear what is the basic premise for everything that follows. Reinforced by the bolded text in the second and third paragraph.
So by all mean let's follow on the model of other encyclopedia. As I see it, there's no "evidence" section, no "facts" presented or whatever.
Again, I did not invoke other encyclopedias. You did. Are you sure you want to follow that route?Cealicuca (talk) 17:45, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry, I must think that you are wasting other editors' time on purpose. Please try to be serious. I could refer to encyclopedias which prefer the immigrationist theory. Could you refer a single encyclopedia which repeats the same fact three times in the same article? Borsoka (talk) 17:58, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I am serious. Please do bring Encyclopedias who refer to the Immigrationist theory and use it as a basis for their article. Preferably an internationally recognized encyclopedia. Preferably not an obscure one. Like Britannica. Actually, one of the most respected historical encyclopedias actually goes with the Admigration theory - which I personally, as I said more than once, believe it's closest to reality. But I have yet to see a respected encyclopedia using the Immigrationist theory as the standard. So please surprise us, I am completely aware of how many resources you have access to. Again, I did not initiate this, but you seem to like to bring it up from time to time...
As for your question - your question is irrelevant, because it contains a false assumption. I did not say that each theory should list the same "fact". All I said is that each theory should be faithfully (to the sources used) presented. The theories are build by interpreting various evidence, or facts. Therefore there is no repetition since the interpretations are different. You agreed, more than once, that the same fact can have different interpretations. All it takes is to drop the "info dump" and present the theories, their argumentation, the interpretations the scholars give (sometimes wildly different) to those "facts".Cealicuca (talk) 21:32, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Some references to Hungarians were deleted and the links between the general historic background and the principal theories were underlined ([6]). Sorry, I will ignore all your remarks about the restructruing of the article, because it is now subject to an RfC. As to Britannica, it is a tertiary source, and Wikipedia articles usually rely on material from reliable secondary sources. The article cites a number of recently published secondary sources that are not convinced that the continuity theory is the only theory which should be presented. (For instance, I can refer to books quoted in the lead and authors cited in section 2.3 Immigrationist theory.) Borsoka (talk) 05:43, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

FAILED STRUCTURE: Exhibit C (Historiography)

This section should be broken up and incorporated into their respective "Origin of the Romanians" theories. Each theory has its own historiography and should be presented within its proper context, else we end up with a typical "he said, she said" of contradictory WP:RS (much like the rest of the article, in fact) that amount to "nothing can be known". However, the WP:RS present arguments that, taken as a whole, do depict a viable picture of the development of a people. These arguments are sorely missing from this type of presentation. Further proof of the inept, failed structure of the article.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 02:17, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Disagree. The primary pharagraph may neutrally represent information without any theory, shall it support anything, since data and evidence was not rendered necessarily by any theory. since afterwards all the three major theories' own section any of them may be developed individually with arguments, so I don't see any problem with the structure.(KIENGIR (talk) 02:42, 1 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Before continuing this bludgeoning, please answer my related question that I raised a couple of days ago ([7]): "Which theory should appropiate the earliest sources (Kekaumenos, Simon of Kéza, Kinnamos, Description of Eastern Europe). They unanimously write of the Vlachs' south-Danubian homeland. Should we mention these sources only under the IT? Should we ignore "continuity" scholars' comments on them? How this approach could secure the neutral presentation of facts?" Borsoka (talk) 02:51, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Fully support - We are dealing with three mainstream academic views, their historiography should naturally be integrated in their dedicated sections. On another note - Borsoka - Nobody said that a theory or another should "apropritate" those primary source. However, to the extent those primary sources are used by secondary sources dealing with the theories (ie: you have a secondary source that use those primary sources in their argumentation then by all means mention it). So you see, we're not to decide who "owns" or how to "use" those primary sources since their relevance cannot (and should not, otherwise we get into WP:OR territory) be established by us.Cealicuca (talk) 11:40, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Do you suggest that those sentences should be repeated under each theory? Can you refer to encyclopedias which repeat the same pieces information in the same article? Borsoka (talk) 11:44, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, i do not suggest that. Here is an example: The Romanian language is a Romance language (what you call "evidence"). If there are sources using the Romance aspect of the language as an argument in favour of the continuity theory, we need to present that interpretation (view). If there are sources using the same aspect of the Romanian language (a Romance language) arguing that this is an argument for the immigrationist theory, we should present that interpretation (view). If there are sources using the argument that Romanian is a Romance language in arguing for the admigration theory, we should present that interpretation (view). Simple. We do not get to distribute anything, and we present in a neutral way all points of view. Otherwise, this "evidence" is irrelevant or the relevance is not expressed in the framework of a mainstream view, being added to the article by an editor collecting such "evidence", for his/her own purposes only.Cealicuca (talk) 13:05, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Absurd: you say we have to mention three times the same fact. Can you name an encyclopedia which repeats the same fact three times in an article? Borsoka (talk) 16:43, 1 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There's no rule that you can't repeat a "fact" in an encyclopedia article. Repeating a "fact" (piece of evidence) is not redundant if it's presented through the lens of a different theory. There are however Wiki guidelines about properly summarizing WP:RS, which is what concerns us here. You can't properly summarize what a WP:RS has to say about a "fact" if you can't say what the "fact" is. So if DRCT has something to say about a piece of "evidence" then that should be stated in the DRCT section, and if IT has something to say about it then by all means include that in the IT. For instance, while both DRCT and IT agree that Romanian is a Latin language, they disagree on the place and the mechanism of its development, so you can't separate the bit that's common (Latin heritage, even though there's some debate there as well) from the rest of the theories without unraveling the argument and presenting it out of the context of the theory (as intended by WP:RS), with supporting arguments from other fields of study like archeology, ethnography, etc. Same applies to those sources mentioned above, they mean different things to DRCT as they do to IT (as will be shown once we expand the respective sections), and whatever the scholars have to say about them is connected and interpreted through the lens of all the other fields of study combined. That's how scholars/WP:RS build a theory, and that's why those interpretations (as presented by WP:RS) need to be placed within their proper theoretical context (as intended by WP:RS) and it's a violation of Wiki guidelines to do otherwise. Pulling a piece of "evidence" out of its context destroys the context (that is, the theory). Fortunately, Wikipedia guidelines trump your guidelines any day, any time. Which is why, like it or not, the article will eventually be restructured.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 08:46, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The core of the two main theories is summarized in the article, fully in accordance with reliable sources and also taking into account WP:NPOV. You have not named a single encyclopedia that repeats the same facts in the same article. For saving our time, I will not comment your suggestions which would result in an original structure, alien to all encyclopedia. Borsoka (talk) 08:54, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Maybe you ought to create your own encyclopedia. That way you'll be free to apply your own rules.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 09:00, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Excuse me, Tgeorgescu well expressed also recently more times - I understand he would be tired to put it all the sections in a way or another circling on the same problem - and pinpointed what is the problem; that it seems two editor do not/not willing to undestand that their one-way and fallacious interpretation of the rules of editing this encyclopedia is the problem, and not those charges are valid that are continuously addressed to other editors...(KIENGIR (talk) 15:11, 2 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
Excuse me, that editor is quoting rules only when, strangely, it helps the views expressed by you, Borsoka, Trix, Fakirbakir and others. When it's not, common sense is mentioned (to hell with the rules). This approach is at best a double standard.Cealicuca (talk) 15:43, 2 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Or, maybe all of us understand something that two editors do not (still).(KIENGIR (talk) 00:02, 3 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]

Oh, you mean none of these independent editors get it (still)?:

  • How an editor characterizes the content of the article: [...] In fact, reading over some sections... the article is extremely abstruse as it is. [...] How is the average reader supposed to know what any of this "evidence" has to do with the origins of the Romanians? [...]
  • An editor's suggestion on how the article should look like: [...] This will help to keep the evidence framed: readers will see how evidence is marshaled in support of one theory or another and can get a feel for the arguments each side uses. I think the uninformed reader who just wants to know where the Romanians came from will be able to weigh two or three theories better than hundreds of fact(oid)s. [...]
  • An editor's description of sections in the article: [...] The archaeological data is the worst. It is an info dump the relevance of which is nowhere made clear.Part of the problem is that the "evidence" is written as if the reader should draw his own conclusions. Take, e.g., the paragraph on Gothia. One can only guess what this is supposed to tell us about the origin of the Romanians. [...]
  • How another editor describes the article: [...] I realise now this article intentionally presents the theories seperately from the evidence [...]
  • Another editor's take on how confusing the content of the article is: [...] I think part of the confusion that I experienced reading the article is that the two theories are occasionally mentioned in the same paragraph, with no clear division between the two.[...]
  • Again, the same editor providing a reader's perspective: [...] so I might not be able to add much to this other than offer the perspective of the reader. If there are two conflicting and contrasting theories about the history of Romanian, the two theories should be kept somewhat separate within the article, and it should be clear at any point which theory is being explained. It is not clear which theory is being discussed in the paragraph in question, and adding a single sentence about the other theory only makes things more confusing, rather than adding balance. [...] Iovaniorgovan (talk) 07:20, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
WP:MNA. Tgeorgescu (talk) 07:40, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Considering what was summarized about independent editor's opinion on what this article looks/reads like, as well as the problem is (which has been pointed out multiple times), I'd guess you and some other editors simply WP:IDHT. You receive the criticism about how this article is confusing, about the evidence not properly framed etc. from multiple editors otherwise not involved in this article - so they don't have a stake on wither changing the status quo nor "pushing" some PoV as you say - on several occasions but you carry on.Cealicuca (talk) 08:59, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
False accusation again (btw. IDHT perfectly describes the situation, but vica versa). Simply not understanding, although more people more times made their explanation. I see the suggestions of the other editors are taken into consideration as far as possible in order not to harm any fundamental WP rules and editing standards, like WP:NOR, WP:NPOV and WP:DUE, not to repeat the same thing more times and /or, accept that scholars even supporting one viewpoint have different views on a theory and their possible evolution. This is all circling around, as I see. But I see as well, regardless how many times it is explained, you are interpreting everything differently, and that's why never ending discussions are generated. That's why it is bludgeoning.(KIENGIR (talk) 11:01, 3 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
You always invoke WP:NPOV, WP:NOR and WP:DUE to help you preserve the current structure of the article, a "fact-based" one might say, when, in... fact, that very list of "facts" / "evidence" is precisely against those rules. You want to know why? Because the list of "facts" can be easily manipulated (and it is, in the current article) to either strengthen a POV or to weaken a POV, or to create a PoV altogether. All this "debate" is caused by you, Borsoka, Trix and Fakirbakir, of course also with the always-there-when-needed help of Tgeorgescu by clinging to this list of "facts" and "evidence". I am starting to suspect that this is precisely the reason you cling to it - because a list of "facts" can be easily manipulated. Your "excuses" that this would somehow help WP:NPOV, because it's the "only way" to present conflicting PoVs is just that. An excuse. It's a manipulation of Wikipedia policies. WP:NPOV is all about describing PoVs without introducing editor bias. It's not removing "facts" from the argumentation made by a source. I already gave an example to Borsoka how that should be achieved (with "The sun is a dwarf star." fact).
WP:NPOV - All encyclopedic content on Wikipedia must be written from a neutral point of view (NPOV), which means representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all of the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic. - Do you see any "evidence" or "fact" reference? Because all I see is "view(s)".
Your excuses:
  • Could you refer to <whatever> which repeats the same fact three times in the same article? - Irrelevant question, because each theory will not present it's own list of "facts". Each theory will present the argumentation, which even though it might be based upon some identical facts, it is different. But you can only use this excuse by clinging to a "list" of facts, because it is the only context in which it makes sense.
  • How could you distribute the facts between the theories? - Irrelevant question, because you don't distribute any "fact" among the theories. "Facts" are not ours to distribute, are not ours to say which theory "uses" them or not. It's the sources. Present the sources PoV, the sources argumentation (how the sources think those "facts" help them support or refute a PoV). That's it. It is not for us to remedy the fact that one theory uses some facts while another doesn't, or that one theory seems more credible or not (to us). It is not for us to dumb down a theory (by removing the narrative/argumentation of that theory) only to make another seem equally valid (or equally invalid). That's not what WP:NPOV is.
WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT - Neutrality requires that each article or other page in the mainspace fairly represents all significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in proportion to the prominence of each viewpoint in the published, reliable sources. - Do you see any "evidence" or "fact" reference? Because all I see is "view(s)".
Your excuses:
  • but there are sources disagreeing with each other! how could you present that <the way you say to> without breaking WP:NPOV / WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT? - We present it precisely according to WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT. That means that the mainstream theories, that is the significant viewpoints, get to have the most mainspace allocated. Other points of view, even if WP:RS, don't. Some do not get any space at all. Because they are not significant enough to be mainstream. That's it.
WP:PROPORTION - An article should not give undue weight to minor aspects of its subject, but should strive to treat each aspect with a weight proportional to its treatment in the body of reliable, published material on the subject. For example, discussion of isolated events, criticisms, or news reports about a subject may be verifiable and impartial, but still disproportionate to their overall significance to the article topic. - Go on, argue that "aspects" is "fact" or "evidence"...
Your excuses:
  • but there are sources within each theory framework that disagree with some of the aspects of the theory! - As per the rule above, those disagreeing voices, even if they are WP:RS, should mostly be left out. Not saying to kill them all, maybe some could stay, depending on editor consensus. But definitely your excuse is is just that. An excuse.
WP:FALSEBALANCE - While it is important to account for all significant viewpoints on any topic, Wikipedia policy does not state or imply that every minority view or extraordinary claim needs to be presented along with commonly accepted mainstream scholarship as if they were of equal validity. - Do you see any "evidence" or "fact" reference? Because all I see is "view(s)".
Your excuses:
  • but source X says this, source Y says that. Hey, I've got a source that says the Romanian language is a semi-Romance language. It's a viewpoint, it should be in! <chuckles> - No. Those kind of views do not need to be in <chuckles>.
So Wikipedia makes no reference to "evidence" or "facts". Wikipedia deals in viewpoints. You, and other editors, insist on this "fact" oriented approach. It's wrong from the start, because Wikipedia's policies and rules do not reference them. But it's your only way of manipulating both the rules and the content to suit your narrative (whatever that may be).Cealicuca (talk) 13:45, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
If you think I'd be the partner to generate again 280 km lengthy discussion about something every section an other editor (possibly) discussed with you...if there is something new, I gladly discuss about it but I think it is not the best summary like All this "debate" is caused by you, Borsoka, Trix and Fakirbakir, of course also with the always-there-when-needed help of Tgeorgescu, since as I recall, none of these users started any debate with you, but the opposite happened...(KIENGIR (talk) 16:02, 3 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
We all saw what user Iovaniorgovan did with this article about ten days ago. There is no need for that kind of approach. Fakirbakir (talk) 21:45, 3 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Yes it is. Because the approach of presenting viewpoints and not a list of "facts" or "evidence" is the approach that follows the Wiki policies. Your "original" approach is against the Wikipedia policies. Your original approach leads to the content being easily manipulated to tell any story (not necessarily the sources). Your approach, so far, has been proven to only generate debates - debates that (coincidentally or not) nevertheless you control, since, as Tgeorgescu has once said, you are of a "hive" mind. Fortunately, it seems that the "hive" mind is only limited to this rather very close-knit group, since only in the past couple of months this otherwise obscure article has been viewed by other editors. Unfortunately for you, those editors have noticed the problems about the article. So it seems to me like this 4 person hive mind is in actuality breaking the consensus to which, independently, several non-partisan editors have arrived to.Cealicuca (talk) 05:35, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
If you cannot beat them, join them. Tgeorgescu (talk) 07:30, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There's no one to "beat", therefore no one to "join". The aim is truthfulness (or the Wiki version of it), and to quote Solzhenitsyn, "One word of truth shall outweigh the whole world."Iovaniorgovan (talk) 08:09, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
WP:THETRUTH. Tgeorgescu (talk) 08:12, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I added the qualifier ("the Wiki version of it") especially for you. You're welcome.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 08:22, 4 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

RfC about restructuring the article

Should the structure be changed to present the relevant sources within their respective theory sections? 08:54, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

  • Support As evidenced in the discussions about the current failed structure here, here, here and here, the current approach of separating the "evidence" from the "theories" violates WP:NPOV, WP:DUE/WP:WEIGHT, etc, and is the main reason for the non-stop edit warring on these pages (see DS notice at the top of the page). The title of the article is Origin of the Romanians, and other than a WP:LEAD it should only include the three "main" theories regarding the subject of the article (that is, the Daco-Roman Continuity Theory, the Immigrationist Theory, and the Admigration Theory). All the "info dump" currently plaguing the article should be either incorporated into one of the three sections dedicated to the theories (as per respective, relevant WP:RS), moved onto other related Wiki pages, or otherwise purged.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 09:28, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Comment. Would you clarify your above question? Are you proposing that each fact should be mentioned only under one of the three theories, even if the same facts are mentioned within the framework of each theory in reliable sources? Or do you suggest, each fact should be repeated twice or three times (that is once within the framework of each theory)? Borsoka (talk) 10:31, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Comment If a Daco-Roman Continuity Theory (DRCT) scholar has something to say about a "fact/evidence", then present what that WP:RS says within its proper context in the DRCT section alongside the other arguments presented by DRCT WP:RS as building blocks for their theory. If an Immigrationist Theory (IT) scholar has something to say about the same "fact/evidence" then present that within its proper context in the IT section as a building block to IT. Etc. Taking these building blocks out of the buildings (i.e. "theories") destroys the buildings (i.e. "theories").Iovaniorgovan (talk) 10:49, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. No encyclopedia repeats the same facts twice or three times in the same article. Furthermore, the scholarly interpretations of the same facts are extremely divergent even within the framework of the same theories, so we should several times repeat not only the same facts but also the same scholarly interpretations. This would be absurd. For instance, that Roman authors wrote of the extermination of the Dacians is a fact, and both continuity scholars and most immigrationist scholars say that the Roman authors exaggerated the massacre and the Dacians survived. Why should we repeat the fact and this scholarly interpretations three times, if we could mention the fact and its two concurring interpretations - the Roman authors were wrong, the Roman authors were right - once. This would be an encyclopedic approach. Borsoka (talk) 11:13, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
According to mainstream DRCT the Dacians weren't wiped out and in time they contributed to the formation of the Romanians. According to mainstream IT, (quoting from current version) "the Romanians descended from the Romanized inhabitants of the provinces to the south of the Danube" and had nothing to do with the Dacians. Hence, we have different interpretations. IT scholars may stress that the Dacians were completely annihilated and couldn't have contributed to the ethnogenesis of the Romanians. If, on the other hand, a prominent number of IT scholars believe that the Dacians were not wiped out, then feel free to mention (in the IT section) what exactly that has to do with the Origin of the Romanians according to those Immigrationist WP:RS. If a scholar (who happens to be an Immigrationist Theorist) mentions something about the Dacians' survival/annihilation but doesn't tie that into the Immigrationist Theory, then it doesn't belong in the article. After all, a scholar (be it DRCT or IT or AT) may write about many subjects, not just DRCT/IT/AT, but here we're only concerned with the Origin of the Romanians. All that other stuff has a place on Wikipedia's many other history articles but not here.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 12:51, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
That the non-Latin speking Dacians survived both the Roman conquest and the Roman withdrawal is an important element one of the mainstream approaches of the immigrationist theory, so we have to mention it in connection with both theories. Borsoka (talk) 13:09, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Again, clearly, different interpretations of what happened to those Dacians.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 13:13, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Identical interpretation of the same fact (=Roman authors unanimously wrote of the Dacians extermination) by scholars otherwise accepting concurring theories. Borsoka (talk) 16:31, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Different theories, different contexts, different interpretations, as explained above. Our job is to properly summarize what the WP:RS have to say in the context those statements are made, and if some "facts" are mentioned a couple times, so be it. Dacians are mentioned several times, so are the Romans, etc. Where do we draw the line? It's not like whole paragraphs are being repeated. Small price to pay for properly summarizing WP:RS and preserving WP:NPOV.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 03:43, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose The same reason countless time more users explained since months under various talk page subjects, or in the NPOV noticeboard where no consensus could be reached. Suggestions of third parties have been taken consideration as far as possible as it do not contradict other principles. As well it was demonstrated even by each theory there may be concurring views with equal weight and what is also suggested [8] for a response of such requests, we have to remember "Wikipedia is an encyclopedia; all articles must follow the Neutral point of view, Verifiability, and No original research policies."(KIENGIR (talk) 12:41, 5 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
All independent editors who ever commented on the many disputes here have been unanimous in their criticism of the way the article is structured, as I already mentioned several times in the sections above, including here. Again, I'm talking about independent editors, not WP:MEAT or the like.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 13:14, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
However, the article now contains more information of the main theories and we agreed that the relevance of the facts mentioned in the article would be more emphasized. What is difference, that you think that we should repeat twice or three times the same facts and same interpretations, other editors say that this would not be in line with WP standards. Borsoka (talk) 16:31, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I don't even understand Iovaniorgovan's reaction since it does not seem to connect what I have written...nobody wrote he did not mention anything several times, nobody said he would not talk about "independent editors" or whatsoever. His answer does not add anything pro or contra of my statement.(KIENGIR (talk) 20:22, 5 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
re. "same reason countless time more users explained since months under various talk page subjects"... or whatever you meant by that.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 03:43, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I see. Well those users are referred who explained why only just some parts of other's suggestions may be taken into consideration in order not to harm other fundamental rules. And it never had any connection to WP:MEAT.(KIENGIR (talk) 10:29, 6 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
  • Oppose As I have explained previously, I don't think that the restructuring makes sense. Also it could create the false appearance that there are no agreed facts in this matter, just mere opinions. Tgeorgescu (talk) 12:45, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The current structure creates the false appearance that there is no cohesive theory pertaining to the Origin of the Romanians, just a bunch of contradictory "facts".Iovaniorgovan (talk) 13:21, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The problem is that there isn't one cohesive theory, there are three major cohesive theories. Tgeorgescu (talk) 16:31, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
And how is that a "problem"? My point exactly. Present all three theories as cohesively as possible according to their respective WP:RS. The only way to achieve that is by keeping the theories confined to their own sections, rather than pulling the theoretical "building blocks" out of them and spreading them around at some editors' whims (you do that and all that 'cohesiveness' goes out the window). It's very simple, really.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 06:12, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Two of the three theories are presented as cohesively as possible under dedicated subsections (2.2. and 2.3), and the further theories could also be presented in such a way. Borsoka (talk) 07:07, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, they are not. Cohesion: noun, the action or fact of forming a united whole.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 07:16, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Equivocation. Tgeorgescu (talk) 06:54, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

A list of "facts" / "evidence" is precisely against those rules that for example KIENGIR mentioned because the list of "facts" can be easily manipulated (and it is, in the current article) to either strengthen a POV or to weaken a POV, or to create a PoV altogether. Removing "facts" from the argumentation made by a source (presenting the "facts" / "evidence", but not the argumentation, not their relevance to the theories) simply renders the theories impotent.

Point by point approach to some of the rules that are blatantly disregarded by the current article, with the current structure:
WP:NPOV - All encyclopedic content on Wikipedia must be written from a neutral point of view (NPOV), which means representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all of the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic. - There is no mention of "evidence" or "fact". There is however mention of "view(s)". Does this article dedicate entire sections to list of "facts" or "evidence"? Yes. Therefore the article, in the current state, contradicts WP:NPOV.
WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT - Neutrality requires that each article or other page in the mainspace fairly represents all significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in proportion to the prominence of each viewpoint in the published, reliable sources. - There is no mention of "evidence" or "fact". There is however mention of "view(s)". Does this article dedicate more significant space to either a lot of minority views or otherwise "facts" of "evidence" with unspecified relevance, so much so that the mainstream view is "drowned" in a sea of contradictions or irrelevant "facts" or "evidence"? Yes. Therefore the article, in the current state, contradicts WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT.
WP:PROPORTION - An article should not give undue weight to minor aspects of its subject, but should strive to treat each aspect with a weight proportional to its treatment in the body of reliable, published material on the subject. For example, discussion of isolated events, criticisms, or news reports about a subject may be verifiable and impartial, but still disproportionate to their overall significance to the article topic. - Does this article reinforces the idea that there are a number of minority views, especially on the details, so much so that the general argumentation of each theory is overshadowed? Yes. Therefore the article, in the current state, contradicts WP:PROPORTION.
WP:FALSEBALANCE - While it is important to account for all significant viewpoints on any topic, Wikipedia policy does not state or imply that every minority view or extraordinary claim needs to be presented along with commonly accepted mainstream scholarship as if they were of equal validity. - Again, does the article present a lot of minority views (usually related to details in the argumentation of the theories)? Yes, it does. Does this give the impression that the theories are rather unsubstantiated? Yes it does. Therefore the article, in the current state, contradicts WP:FALSEBALANCE.
Excuses used to circumvent those rules:
  • Could you refer to <whatever> which repeats the same fact three times in the same article? / But other encyclopedias do not list all facts three times! - Irrelevant question, because each theory will not present it's own list of "facts". Each theory will present the argumentation, which even though it might be based upon some identical facts, it is different. The second variation of this excuse is also irrelevant. Should the article be structured around presenting the viewpoints this can be easily avoided by presenting only the conclusions of the argumentation, where necessary. Moreover, other encyclopedias accept one of the theories as the "standard" framework. I could point out towards, for example, Britannica or Oxford Encyclopedia of Middle Ages (I would guess nobody can say those are biased, right?) who use only one of the theories as the accepted framework for the historical genesis of the Romanian people while still mentioning (but not detailing) other "competing" theories.
  • How could you distribute the facts between the theories? - Irrelevant question, because editors don't distribute any "fact" among the theories. "Facts" are not ours to distribute, are not ours to say which theory "uses" them or not. It's the sources. Present the sources PoV, the sources argumentation (how the sources think those "facts" help them support or refute a PoV). That's it. It is not for us to remedy the fact that one theory uses some facts while another doesn't, or that one theory seems more credible or not (to us). It is not for us to dumb down a theory (by removing the narrative/argumentation of that theory) only to make another seem equally valid (or equally invalid). That's not what WP:NPOV is.
  • but there are sources disagreeing with each other! how could you present that <the way you say to> without breaking WP:NPOV / WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT? - We present it precisely according to WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT. That means that the mainstream theories, that is the significant viewpoints, get to have the most mainspace allocated. Other points of view, even if WP:RS, don't. Some do not get any space at all. Because they are not significant enough to be mainstream. That's it.
  • but there are sources within each theory framework that disagree with some of the aspects of the theory! - As per the rule above, those disagreeing voices, even if they are WP:RS, should mostly be left out. Not saying to kill them all, maybe some could stay, depending on editor consensus. But definitely your excuse is is just that. An excuse.
  • but source X says this, source Y says that. Hey, I've got a source that says the Romanian language is a semi-Romance language. It's a viewpoint, it should be in! <chuckles> - No. Those kind of views do not need to be in. In this specific case, for example, it is both irrelevant (unless the source clearly concludes it has some relevance to one of the theories) but also because, in this specific case, the overwhelming majority of linguists do not agree. So unless we include some 1000 views from from 1000 other linguists that support that Romanian is a Romance language (thus respecting WP:DUE / WP:WEIGHT), in order to underline just how outlandishly fringe this PoV is, the only option left is to exclude it altogether. Otherwise we give an extreme viewpoint too much weight in the article.Cealicuca (talk) 13:35, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Comment. Thank you for summarizing your understanding of WP policies. You have not proved for months that you could secure their application if the proposal (which is the subject of this RfC) were accepted. I kindly ask you do not start to discuss issues which are being discussed on the Talk page under separate sections. Your practice force the editors with whom you are discussing those issues either to continue it here, or to allow you to unilaterally present your views. We should not prevent neutral editors from expressing their views, but if you write lengthy comments nobody will join us to discuss this issue. Thank you for your understanding. Borsoka (talk) 16:20, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose The structure should not be changed. This one article has been doing fine for years with these sections. The current structure represents a NPOV interpretation of the origin theories.Fakirbakir (talk) 18:46, 5 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
All independent editors who have commented on this article lately beg to differ (see above).Iovaniorgovan (talk) 03:43, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Interestingly, they have not answered your "pings" to support your claim. Borsoka (talk) 04:08, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I have not "pinged" anyone and I don't need to, interestingly.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 04:14, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I will not search the lengthy archives to prove that you (or your friend) actually pinged them. Nevertheless, you should ping them, because you have been referring to their words for weeks. Borsoka (talk) 04:42, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Section 3.3.1 Development of Romanian

Taking into account that editors suggested that the relevance of each fact mentioned in the article within the context of the Romanians' ethnogenesis should be emphasized, I tried to rewrite one of the sections of the article. My proposal is the following:

The formation of Proto-Romanian (or Common Romanian) from Vulgar Latin started in the 5th-7th centuries and was completed in the 8th century.[1][2] The common language split into the four Eastern Romance variants during the 10th-12th centuries.[2][3][4] The Romanian dialects spoken to the north of the Danube display a "remarkable unity",[5] because their phonology is quite uniform, primarily the use of different words differentiate them.[6] Linguist Gabriela P. Dindelegan (who accepts the continuity theory) asserts that the Romanian shepherds' seasonal movements, and commercial contacts across the mountains secured the preservation of language unity.[5] Paul Wexler argues that the "relative recency of the Romance-speaking settlement" is a more plausible explanation, because the levelling effect of migrations is well-documented (for instace, in eastern Germany, and along the western coasts of the USA).[7] Some variants of the Eastern Romance languages retained more elements of their Latin heritage than others.[8][9] Primarily, the dialects of the peripheral areas (like Maramureș and Moldavia) preserved archaic linguistic features which were lost in other variants.[10] For instance, the Maramureș subdialect of Romanian still uses the ancient -a ending of verbs and the Latin word for sand (arină) instead of standard nisip (a Slavic loanword), and arină was also kept in Arumanian.[8][11] Emphasizing that western Transylvania used to be an integral part of Dacia Traiana, Nandriș concludes that "Transylvania was the centre of linguistic expansion", because the Transylvanian dialects preserved Latin words which were replaced by loanwords in other variants, furthermore place names with the archaic -ești ending abound in the region.[12]
There are about 100-170 Romanian words with a possible substratum origin.[3][13] Almost one third of these words represent the specific vocabulary of sheep- and goat-breeding.[14] The substrate language has been identified as Thraco-Dacian,[15][16][17] Thracian,[18] or Daco-Moesian,[19] but the origin of these words—Albanian, Thraco-Dacian or an unidentified third language—is actually uncertain.[20] When analyzing the historical circumstances of the adoption of the supposed substrate words, linguist Kim Schulte asserts that initially the "political and cultural dominance of the Romans" defined the relationship between the Latin-speaking groups and speakers of the substrate language, but the two communities continued to live side by side, communicating "on regular basis about everyday matters regarding their pastoral activity and the natural environment" even after the end of Roman rule.[21]
About 70-90 possible substrate words have Albanian cognates,[14][17] and 29 possible substrate words are probably loanwords from Albanian.[20] Similarities between Romanian and Albanian are not limited to the subtrate words and their common Balkan features: the two languages share calques and proverbs, and display analogous phonetic changes.[22] Most linguists suppose that Albanian descended directly from the Eastern Romance substratum, or from a language closely related to it.[23] Marius Sala, who supports the continuity theory, argues that Thraco-Dacian was "a variant of Thracian from which Albanian originited".[24] According to Nandriș, the common features of the two languages have been overvalued;[25] proponents of the immigrationist theory regard them as an important evidence for the Romanians' south-Danubian homeland.[26][22] One of the latter scholars, Schramm proposes that the Romanians' ancestors were Roman refugees who settled near the native semi-pastoralist population of the mountains in the central Balkans in the 5th-6th centuries; they could only take possession of the highest mountain pastures where they lived surrounded by the semi-sedentarian Proto-Albanians for centuries.[22]
Every Romance language inherited only about 2,000 words directly from Latin.[27] More than 200 Latin words that other Romance languages preserved are missing in Romanian,[28] but about 100 Latin terms were inherited only by Romanian.[29] The preservation of the latter terms—including creștin („Christian”) and împărat („emperor”)—was due to their frequent use, according to Sala.[30] Linguists note that the inherited terminology for motion is strikingly numerous, not independently of the preeminent role of transhumant pastoralism in the Proto-Romanians' economy.[31][32] Proponents of the continuity theory argue that the preservation or lack of certain Latin terms reveal that Romanian developed north of Lower Danube.[33][31] One of these terms is the Latin word for gold (aurum), preserved in Daco-Romanian, but lost in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.[34] For Nandriș, this word is important evidence for the continuity theory, because Romanian mountainers owned many Transylvanian gold mines in Modern Times, and he thinks that their ancestors' would not have been allowed to open mines if they had been newcomers in the province.[31] The Latin terms for fig tree (ficus) and chestnut (castaneus) were kept in Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian, but they disappeared from Daco-Romanian.[31] Nandriș and Sala argue that this fact is also a clear testimony for the Daco-Romanians' north-Danubian homeland, because these plants did not grow there.[33][31] Nandriș asserts that the semantic evolution of certain inherited Latin words also supports the continuity theory.[31] For instance, he refers to the development of Latin terminus ("border, boundary, frontier") into Daco-Romanian țărm ("embankment, sea-shore, river bank"), proposing that this must have occurred north of the Lower Danube after the Roman withdrawal which made the river the empire's northern frontier.[31] He also mentions a Latin inscription in Dacia Traiana which contains the Latin word for moon (luna) with the meaning for month, because Daco-Romanian displays a similar semantic development.[35] Other scholars attribute the same change to Slavic influence.[35]
Romanian reflects most changes of Latin which occurred in the 2th-6th centuries.[36] In Gábor Vékony's view, only uninterrupted contacts between the ancestors of Romanians, Dalmatians, Italians and other Romance peoples could secure the adoption of these changes, which excludes the north-Danubian territories, abandoned by the Romans in the late 3rd century.[37] Vékony and Schramm also emphasize that the meaning of almost a dozen of inherited Latin terms changed paralelly in Romanian and Albanian.[38][14] For instance, the Latin word for dragon (draco) developed into Daco-Romanian drac and Albanian dreq, both meaning devil; Daco-Romanian bătrîn and Albanian vjetër (both meaning old) descend from the Latin term for veteran (veteranus). [39][14] Furthermore, Romanian sat ("village") was not directly inherited, but borrowed from Albanian fshat ("village"), which is the direct continuation of Latin fossatum ("military camp").[38][14] According to opponents of the continuity theory, only close contacts between Proto-Romanian and Proto-Albanian explain the parallel semantic changes.[38][14]
In addition to words of Latin or of possible substratum origin, loanwords make up more than 40% (according to certain estimations 60-80%)[15][40] of the Romanian vocabulary.[41] Schulte notes that even "relatively basic words denoting continually present meanings, such as features of the natural environment, are frequently borrowed".[42] Nandriș emphasizes that linguistic influences "are due to cultural intercourse" and do not reveal closer contacts.[43] Linguist Gabriela P. Dindelegan also says that contacts with other peoples has not modified the "Latin structure of Romanian" and the "non-Latin grammatical elements" borrowed from other languages were "adapted to and assimilated by the Romance pattern".[15]
No loanwords of East Germanic (Gothic or Gepid) origin have so far been proven.[3] According to scholars opposing the continuity theory, the lack of East Germanic loanwords confute it, because Germanic-speaking tribes dominated most regions that now form Romania from the 270s to the 560s.[44] Defending the continuity theory, historian Stelian Brezeanu proposes that the absence of East Germanic loanwords is "basically the consequence of the gap" between the Orthodox Romanians and the Arian Goths and Gepids.[45] He adds that the Daco-Romans assimilated the last Eastern Germanic groups in Transylvania before the middle of the 7th century.[46] Also in defense of the continuity theory, Sala mentions that the Germanic peoples stayed in the former Dacia Traiana province "for a relatively brief span of time, only a couple of centuries", without maintaining close contacts with the Daco-Romans.[47] Nandriș says that those "who support the South Danubian origin of the [Romanians] on the ground of the lack of Germanic elements in [Romanian] have the same argument against them", because Germanic tribes also settled in the Balkans in the early Middle Ages.[48] On the other hand, Schramm argues that both Proto-Romanian and Proto-Albanian must have developed in the central regions of the Balkans where no Germanic tribes settled, because direct borrowings from East Germanic languages are also missing in Albanian.[14]
Slavic loanwords make up about 20% of Romanian vocabulary,[49] showing that Romanian "rejuvenated its vocabulary with words of Slavonic origin, which often replaced or doubled the Latin words".[50] According to certain estimations, Slavic terms are more numerous than the directly inherited Latin roots.[28] All Eastern Romance variants contain the same 80 Slavic loanwords, indicating that these terms were borrowed during the Common Romanian period.[21][51] The Romanian forms of the vast majority of Slavic loanwords display phonatic changes that occurred after around 800.[52][51] To explain the lack of early borrowings, Brezeanu supposes that the Christian Proto-Romanians and the pagan Proto-Slavs did not mix.[46] Schulte proposes that the Proto-Romanians and Proto-Slavs must have lived in close proximity under Avar rule, but neither group could achieve cultural dominance, because the Avars formed the elite.[21] Schramm argues that the only explanation for the lack of early Slavic borrowings is that the Proto-Albanians separated the pastoralist Proto-Romanian groups living in the mountains of the central Balkan and the agriculturalist Proto-Slavs who inhabited the lowlands.[53]
The most intensive phase of borrowings form Slavic (specifically from Southern Slavic) tongues started around 900.[21][51] The proportion of Slavic loanwords is especially high (20-25%) in the Romanians' religious, social and political vocabulary, but almost one-fifth of the Romanian terms related to emotions, values, speech and languages were also borrowed from Slavs.[54] Slavic loanwords tend to have positive connotations in "antonym pairs with one element borrowed from Slavic".[49] The names for most species of fish of the Danube and of a number of other animals living in Romania are also of Slavic origin.[55] Romanians also adopted dozens of Latin words through Slavic mediation.[6][56] Wexler argues that Slavic patterns gave rise to the development of significant part of about 900 Romanian words that are deemed to descend from hypothetical Latin words (that is words reconstructed on the basis of their Romanian form).[57] Linguists often attribute the development of about 10 phonological and morphological features of the Romanian language to Slavic influence, but there is no consensual view.[58] For instance, contacts with Slavic-speakers allegedly contributed to the appearance of the semi-vowel [y] before the vowel [e] at the beginning of basic words and to the development of the vocative case in Romanian.[59]
Linguist Kim Schulte says, the significant common lexical items and the same morpho-syntactic structures of the Romanian and Bulgarian (and Macedonian) languages "indicates that there was a high decree of bilingualism" in this phase of the development of Romanian.[21] Brezeanu argues that contacts between the Romanians' ancestors and the Slavs became intensive due to the arrival of Bulgarian clerics to the lands north of the Lower Danube after the conversion of Bulgaria to Christianity.[60] Thereafter, Slavs formed the social and political elite for a lengthy period, as it is demonstrated both by loanwords (such as voivode and cneaz, both referring to the leaders of the Vlach communities) and by the semantical development of the term rumân (which referred to serfs in mediewal Wallachia).[60] Schramm argues that the Proto-Romanians' spread in the mountains in search for new pastures and the Slavicization of the Balkans explain that close contacts developed between the Proto-Romanians and the Bulgarians.[61]
Borrowings from Slavic languages show that there were "localized contacts" between Romanian and Slavic groups even after the disintegration of Common Romanian.[62][63] The Daco-Romanian subdialects of Maramureș and Moldavia contains loanwords from Ukrainian, Polish and Russian.[62] The Romanian form of loanwords from Ukrainan evinces that they were borrowed after the characteristic Ukrainian sound change from h to g was completed in the 12th century.[63] Serbian influenced the subdialects spoken in Banat and Crișana from the 15th century.[62][63] Bulgarian continued to influence the Wallachian subdialects.[62]
Linguistic research plays a preeminent role in the construction of the way of life of the Romanians' ancestors, because "historical sources are almost silent".[31] In his study dedicated to the formation of the Romanian language, Nandriș concludes that the Latin population was "reduced to a pastoral life in the mountains and to agricultural pursuits in the foothills of their pastural lands" in the whole "Carpatho-Balkan are" (both to the north and to the south of the Lower Danube) after the collapse of the Roman rule.[64] While preserving the basic Latin agricultural vocabulary, the Romanians adopted a significant number of Slavic technical terms for agricultural tools and techniques.[65] For historian Victor Spinei, the Slavic loanwords evince that the Romanians had already "practiced an advanced level of agriculture" before they entered into close contacts with the Slavs, because otherwise they would not have needed this special terminology.[65] On the other hand, Sala argues that the Slavic terms "penetrated Romanian” because they designed the Slavs' more advanced technology which replaced the Romanians' obsolete tools.[66] Schramm concludes that the Proto-Romanians were pastoralists with superfitial knowledge of agriculture, limited to the basic vocabulary and retained only because they regularly wintered their flocks on their sedentary neighbors' lands in the foothills.[67] According to him, the adoption of Slavic (and later Hungarian) agricultural terminology evinces that the Romanians started to practice agriculture only at a later stage of their ethnogenesis.[68]
All neighboring peoples adopted a number of Romanian words connected to goat- and sheep-breeding.[31] Romanian loanwords are rare in standard Hungarian, but abound in its Transylvanian dialects.[69] In addition to place names and elements of the Romanian pastoral vocabulary, the Transylvanian Hungarians primarily adopted dozens of Romanian ecclesiastic and political terms to refer to specific Romanian institutions already before the mid-17th centuries (for instance, bojér, logofét, kalugyér and beszerika).[70] The adoption of the Romanian terminology shows that the traditional Romanian institutions, which followed Byzantine patterns, significantly differed from their Hungarian counterparts.[69]

References

  1. ^ Pană Dindelegan 2013, p. 2.
  2. ^ a b Petrucci 1999, p. 4.
  3. ^ a b c Augerot 2009, p. 901.
  4. ^ Pană Dindelegan 2013, pp. 3, 6.
  5. ^ a b Pană Dindelegan 2013, p. 6.
  6. ^ a b Wexler 1997, p. 183.
  7. ^ Wexler 1997, p. 184.
  8. ^ a b Mallinson 1988, p. 412.
  9. ^ Mišeska Tomić 2006, p. 665.
  10. ^ Nandris 1951, pp. 15–16.
  11. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 15.
  12. ^ Nandris 1951, pp. 18, 20.
  13. ^ Schramm 1997, p. 314. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Schramm 1997, p. 312. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  15. ^ a b c Pană Dindelegan 2013, p. 3.
  16. ^ Mihăescu 1993, p. 309.
  17. ^ a b Sala 2005, p. 79.
  18. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 13. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  19. ^ Brezeanu 1998, p. 67.
  20. ^ a b Nandris 1951, p. 24.
  21. ^ a b c d e Schulte 2009, p. 235. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  22. ^ a b c Schramm 1997, pp. 312–313. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  23. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 234. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  24. ^ Sala 2005, p. 80.
  25. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 22.
  26. ^ Izzo 1986, pp. 144–145.
  27. ^ Sala 2005, p. 29.
  28. ^ a b Wexler 1997, p. 172.
  29. ^ Sala 2005, p. 32.
  30. ^ Sala 2005, pp. 32–33.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i Nandris 1951, p. 12.
  32. ^ Sala 2005, p. 77.
  33. ^ a b Sala 2005, p. 22.
  34. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 16.
  35. ^ a b Nandris 1951, p. 13.
  36. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 181.
  37. ^ Vékony 2000, p. 184.
  38. ^ a b c Vékony 2000, p. 189.
  39. ^ Vékony 2000, pp. 189–190.
  40. ^ Mallinson 1988, p. 417.
  41. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 239. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  42. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 250. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  43. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 36.
  44. ^ Izzo 1986, pp. 143–144.
  45. ^ Brezeanu 1998, p. 58.
  46. ^ a b Brezeanu 1998, p. 61.
  47. ^ Sala 2005, pp. 19–20.
  48. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 37.
  49. ^ a b Schulte 2009, p. 244. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  50. ^ Nandris 1951, p. 35.
  51. ^ a b c Schramm 1997, p. 333. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  52. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 295. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  53. ^ Schramm 1997, pp. 295, 319–320. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  54. ^ Schulte 2009, pp. 243–244. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  55. ^ Kopecký, Peter (2004–2005), "Caractéristique lexicale de l'élément slave dans le vocabulaire roumain: Confrontation historique aux sédiments lexicaux turcs et grecs [=Lexical characteristics of the Slavic elements of the Romanians language: A historical comparison with the Turkic and Greek lexical layers]", Ianua: Revista Philologica Romanica, 5: 43–53
  56. ^ Spinei 2009, pp. 269–270.
  57. ^ Wexler 1997, p. 173.
  58. ^ Petrucci 1999, p. 2.
  59. ^ Petrucci 1999, pp. 49, 53, 101, 109.
  60. ^ a b Brezeanu 1998, p. 59.
  61. ^ Schramm 1997, p. 326. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  62. ^ a b c d Petrucci 1999, p. 6.
  63. ^ a b c Schulte 2009, p. 236. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  64. ^ Nandris 1951, pp. 12–13.
  65. ^ a b Spinei 2009, p. 224.
  66. ^ Sala 2005, p. 88.
  67. ^ Schramm 1997, pp. 309–310. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  68. ^ Schramm 1997, p. 309. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  69. ^ a b Szabó T. 1985, p. 60.
  70. ^ Szabó T. 1985, pp. 53, 57, 60–61.
  • Augerot, J. (2009). "Romanian". In Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. pp. 900–904. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Brezeanu, Stelian (1998). "Eastern Romanity in the Millenium of the Great Migrations". In Giurescu, Dinu C.; Fischer-Galați, Stephen (eds.). Romania: A Historic Perspective. Boulder. pp. 45–75. ISBN 0-88033-345-5. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help)
  • Georgescu, Vlad (1991). The Romanians: A History. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-0511-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Izzo, Herbert J. (1986). "On the history of Romanian". In Marino, Mary C.; Pérez, Luis A. (eds.). The Twelfth LACUS Forum, 1985. Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States. pp. 139–146. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Mallinson, Graham (1988). "Rumanian". In Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel (eds.). The Romance Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 391–419. ISBN 978-0-19-520829-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Mihăescu, H. (1993). La Romanité dans le Sud-Est de L'Europe [=The Romans in South-Eastern Europe] (in French). Editura Academiei Române. ISBN 97-3270-342-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Mišeska Tomić, Olga (2006). Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-4487-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Nandris, Grigore (December 1951). "The Development and Structure of Rumanian". The Slavonic and East European Review. 30 (74): 7–39. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (2013). "Introduction: Romanian - a brief presentation". In Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (ed.). The Grammar of Romanian. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–7. ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Petrucci, Peter R. (1999). Slavic Features in the History of Rumanian. LINCOM EUROPA. ISBN 978-3-89586-599-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sala, Marius (2005). From Latin to Romanian: The Historical Development of Romanian in a Comparative Romance Context. University, Mississipi. ISBN 1-889441-12-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schramm, Gottfried (1997). Ein Damm bricht. Die römische Donaugrenze und die Invasionen des 5-7. Jahrhunderts in Lichte der Namen und Wörter [=A Dam Breaks: The Roman Danube frontier and the Invasions of the 5th-7th Centuries in the Light of Names and Words] (in German). R. Oldenbourg Verlag. ISBN 978-3-486-56262-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schulte, Kim (2009). "Loanwords in Romanian". In Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (eds.). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 230–259. ISBN 978-3-11-021843-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Spinei, Victor (2009). The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century. Koninklijke Brill NV. ISBN 978-90-04-17536-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Szabó T., Attila (1985). "Hungarian Loanwords of Romanian Origin" (PDF). Hungarian Studies. 1 (1): 51–65. ISSN 0236-6568. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Vékony, Gábor (2000). Dacians, Romans, Romanians. Matthias Corvinus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-882785-13-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wexler, Paul (1997). "The case for the relexification hypothesis in Rumanian". In Horváth, Júlia; Wexler, Paul (eds.). Relexification in Creole and Non-Creole Languages: With special attention to Haitian Creole, Modern Hebrew, Romani, and Rumanian. Harrassowith Verlag. pp. 162–188. ISBN 978-3-447-03954-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Thank you for your comments. Borsoka (talk) 04:06, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Again, it's not for you to decide what goes into the theory sections (DRCT, IT, AT) and what doesn't. There's already a Wikipedia page on the History of the Romanian Language and some of this stuff should go there (if it's not there already). The last thing this article needs is another "info dump" of the "he said, she said" variety and little (to no) presentation of the actual theories.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 04:27, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The article contains sections dedicated to the theories, so the principal arguments of the theories are presented. The "History of the Romanian" article is not dedicated to the linguistic aspects of the Romanians' ethnogenesis, consequently we cannot transfer material relating to the topic of this article to that article. The above texts clearly shows that there is no uniform approach, even within the theories. For instance, scholars who support the continuity theory do not agree whether the "substrate" words are actually substrate words or borrowings from Albanian, or the lack of early Slavic loanwords is the consequence of the Slavs' paganism or the fact that both the Slavs and the Romanians were subjected to the Avars, and the Slavs could achieve cultural dominance only after the fall of the Avars. How could you explain these internal contradiction in a coherent way in the section dedicated to one of the theories? How could you secure that immigrationist scholars' PoVs (which are not in contradiction with explanations provided by some continuity scholars) are also presented in connection with the same facts? The "he said, she said" approach is called NPOV in our community. No doubt, the text should be boldly copyedited, but this is an other question. Borsoka (talk) 04:41, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Separate DRCT section, separate IT section, separate AT section... that's WP:NPOV. Your approach violates several Wiki guidelines, as outlined in the RfC above.Iovaniorgovan (talk) 04:47, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
There are sections dedicated to each theory. You have not answered my questions. Until you ignore my questions, I will ignore your remarks. Borsoka (talk) 05:01, 6 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
No, this approach does not violate any guideline, it is totally neutral. Fine work, I support!(KIENGIR (talk) 10:53, 6 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
  • Comment:
Why does the editor want to mirror several articles on the romanian Language?
Why are statements clearly referencing one theory or another not in the sections dedicated to the theories? If the linguistic element is such an important one then by removing it from the framework of the theories means to implicitly not present the theories in NPOV way.
For all the remaining statements not referencing a theory of another, why should they be included?Cealicuca (talk) 15:46, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
(1) Nobody wants to mirror several articles on the Romanian language, but linguistic research is a most important element of the study of the Romanians' ethnogenesis. (2) How could the presentation of all relevant scholarly interpreations of the same fact contradict WP:NPOV? (3) Sorry, I do not understand your remark. Would you clarify it? Borsoka (talk) 16:02, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
(1) The why do we have a section dedicated to linguistics and not have the content integrated in each theory? (2) How can we present a relevant point of view if we don't include the relevance of it without breaking WP:NPOV? (3) Sorry, I do not understand what is unclear. Could you clarify?Cealicuca (talk) 16:31, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Romanian irredentism

Since some editors challenged the view that Romanian expansionims and the continuity theory are clearly connected, I suggest that section 2.1 Historiography: origin of the theories should be expanded with the following text:

The concept of the common origin of the Romanians of the Habsburg Empire, Moldavia and Wallachia inevitably gave rise to the development of the idea of a united Romanian state.[1] A series of "Dacian" projects about the unification of all lands inhabited by Romanians emerged in the 19th century.[2][3] Moise Nicoară was the first to claim that the Romanian nation extends "from the Tisza to the Black Sea, from the Danube to the Dniester" in 1815.[3] After irredentism became an important element of political debates among Romanian nationalists in the 1890s, the continuity theory "added a considerable element of historical prestige to Romanian claims to Transylvania".[4] In 1916, the Romanian Prime Minister, Ion I. C. Brătianu joined the war against Austria-Hungary only after the Entene powers had offered to reward Romania with Transylvania in case of their victory.[5] Debates about the venue of the formation of the Romanian people became especially passionate after Hitler enforced the restoration of northern Transylvania to Hungary in 1940.[6] Hungarian scholars published a series of studies to disprove the continuity theory and the Romanians did not fail to take issue with them.[6] Historian Keith Hitchins notes that the controversy "has lasted down to the post-Communist era", but it "has assumed an attenuated form as membership in the European Union has softened territorial rivalries between Romania and Hungary".[7] Linguist Gottfried Schramm emphasizes that the Romanians' ethnogenesis is a "fundamental problem of the history and linguistic history of Southeastern Europe" and urges scholars from third countries to study it.[8] On the other hand, Kim Schulte (also a linguist) refuses to enter into this hot topic, regarding it as a politically motivated debate.[9]

References

  1. ^ Georgescu 1991, p. 116. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  2. ^ Boia 2001, p. 130.
  3. ^ a b Georgescu 1991, p. 117. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGeorgescu1991 (help)
  4. ^ Kwan 2005, pp. 279–280.
  5. ^ Kwan 2005, p. 299.
  6. ^ a b Schramm 1997, p. 280. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  7. ^ Hitchins 2014, p. 17. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFHitchins2014 (help)
  8. ^ Schramm 1997, pp. 275, 283. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFSchramm1997 (help)
  9. ^ Schulte 2009, p. 232. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchulte2009 (help)
  • Georgescu, Vlad (1991). The Romanians: A History. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0511-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Hitchins, Keith (2014). A Concise History of Romania. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69413-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kwan, Jonathan (2005). "Nation-States and Irredentism in the Balkans". In Trencsényi, Balázs (ed.). Statehood Before and Beyond Ethnicity: Minor States in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1600-2000. European Interuniversity Press. pp. 275–302. ISBN 978-90-5201-291-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schramm, Gottfried (1997). Ein Damm bricht. Die römische Donaugrenze und die Invasionen des 5-7. Jahrhunderts in Lichte der Namen und Wörter [=A Dam Breaks: The Roman Danube frontier and the Invasions of the 5th-7th Centuries in the Light of Names and Words] (in German). R. Oldenbourg Verlag. ISBN 978-3-486-56262-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schulte, Kim (2009). "Loanwords in Romanian". In Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (eds.). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 230–259. ISBN 978-3-11-021843-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Thank you for your comments. Borsoka (talk) 03:36, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Each theory has its own historiography, which should be incorporated into their respective sections. Even so, this paragraph is problematic-- for instance, how is Schulte's statement relevant in any way? It's completely redundant. Also, the Bratianu statement is an over-simplification. Why only quote one author/viewpoint on that? It's unbalanced. Why not mention "the Austro-Hungarian policy on nationalities" (Georgescu/165) as reason for joining the Entente? The whole presentation is overly preoccupied with Transylvania, no mention of Bessarabia, etc. Too many problems to mention. Again, the only way to give this justice is by incorporating Historiography into the theory sections, else we'll be tangling over every sentence (and, if need be, we will).Iovaniorgovan (talk) 06:25, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you for your comment. I will change the text. Please, take into account that the restructuring of the article is subject to RfC. We do not need to d8scuss it here. Borsoka (talk) 06:41, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
I would say ok, but we should make a distinction what we are really speaking of. Regarding Transylvania and other Hungarian territories it was expansionism. Regarding Bessarabia - that you understandably ignored since the issue was about Transylvania and Hungarian-Romanain relations - it is better irredentism, as it was former included in Romanian principalities. We should not mix the two, since one is about a consideration based on a theory, the second is to regain something held before.(KIENGIR (talk) 13:41, 7 December 2018 (UTC))[reply]
No, Romanian irredentism covered all lands "from the Tisza to the Dniester". Borsoka (talk) 14:04, 7 December 2018 (UTC)[reply]
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F872516653

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