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{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis
| name = Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
| image = Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis.jpg
| image = Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| imagesize = 200px
| birth_name = Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis
| birth_name = Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1875|9|22}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1875|9|22}}
| birth_place = [[Senoji Varėna]], [[Russian Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Senoji Varėna]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1911|4|10|1875|9|22}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1911|4|10|1875|9|22}}
| death_place = [[Pustelnik, Marki|Pustelnik]] ([[Marki]]), [[Russian Empire]]
| death_place = [[Pustelnik, Marki|Pustelnik]] ([[Marki]]), [[Russian Empire]]
| nationality = [[Polish]]–[[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]]
| nationality = [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]]
| field = [[Painting]], [[musical composition]]
| field = [[Painting]], [[musical composition]]
| training = [[Warsaw Conservatory]], [[Leipzig Conservatory]], [[Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw|Warsaw School of Fine Arts]]
| training = [[Warsaw Conservatory]], [[Leipzig Conservatory]], [[Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw|Warsaw School of Fine Arts]]
Line 18: Line 18:
[[Image:Pasaulio sutverimas X.jpg|thumb|''Creation of the World X'' (1906-1907)]]
[[Image:Pasaulio sutverimas X.jpg|thumb|''Creation of the World X'' (1906-1907)]]
[[File:Czerwony Dwór Marki.JPG|thumb|Building where Čiurlionis died]]
[[File:Czerwony Dwór Marki.JPG|thumb|Building where Čiurlionis died]]
'''Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis''' (Polish 'Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis'), also known as '''M. K. Czurlanis''' ({{OldStyleDate|22 September|1875|10 September}} –{{OldStyleDate|10 April|1911|28 March}}) was a [[Polish]]-[[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] [[Painting|painter]] and composer. Czurlanis contributed to [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolism]] and [[art nouveau]] and was representative of the [[fin de siècle]] epoch. During his short life he composed about 250 pieces of music and created about 300 paintings. The majority of his paintings are housed in the [[M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum]] in [[Kaunas]], [[Lithuania]]. His works have had a profound influence on modern Lithuanian culture. The asteroid [[2420 Čiurlionis]] is named after him.
'''Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis''' (Polish 'Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis'), also known as '''M. K. Čiurlionis''' ({{OldStyleDate|22 September|1875|10 September}} –{{OldStyleDate|10 April|1911|28 March}}) was a [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] [[Painting|painter]] and composer. Čiurlionis contributed to [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolism]] and [[art nouveau]] and was representative of the [[fin de siècle]] epoch. During his short life he composed about 250 pieces of music and created about 300 paintings. The majority of his paintings are housed in the [[M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum]] in [[Kaunas]], [[Lithuania]]. His works have had a profound influence on modern Lithuanian culture. The asteroid [[2420 Čiurlionis]] is named after him.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis was born in [[Senoji Varėna]], the oldest of nine children of his father, Konstanty, and his mother, Adela. Like many educated Lithuanians of the time, Czurlanis's family spoke Polish, and he became fluent in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] only after meeting his fiancée.<ref name=snyder/> In 1878 his family moved to [[Druskininkai]], where his father went on to be the town organist. Czurlanis was a musical prodigy: he could play by ear at age three and could [[Sight-reading#In music|sight-read]] music freely by age seven. Three years out of primary school, he went to study at the musical school of Prince [[Michał Ogiński]] where he learned to play several orchestral instruments, in particular the flute, from 1889 to 1893. Supported by Prince Ogiński's 'scholarship' Czurlanis studied piano and composition at the [[Warsaw]] [[College or university school of music|Conservatory]] from 1894 to 1899. For his graduation, in 1899, he wrote a [[cantata]] for mixed chorus and symphonic orchestra titled ''De Profundis'', with the guidance of the composer [[Zygmunt Noskowski]]. Later he attended composition lectures at the [[Leipzig Conservatory]] (1901 to 1902), and studied drawing at the Warsaw School of Fine Arts from 1904 to 1906 and became a friend of Polish composer and painter [[Eugeniusz Morawski-Dąbrowa]]. After the [[1905 Russian Revolution]], which resulted in the loosening of cultural restrictions on the Empire's minorities, he began to identify himself as a Lithuanian.<ref name=snyder>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&pg=PA100&dq=%C4%8Ciurlionis+lithuanian+1905&hl=en&ei=yF58TJiXLMadnAe2tPmWCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The reconstruction of nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999|author=[[Timothy Snyder]]|page=100|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2004|ISBN=978-0-300-10586-5}}</ref>
Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis was born in [[Senoji Varėna]], the oldest of nine children of his father, Konstantinas, and his mother, Adelė. Like many educated Lithuanians of the time, Čiurlionis's family spoke Polish, and he became fluent in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] only after meeting his fiancée.<ref name=snyder/> In 1878 his family moved to [[Druskininkai]], where his father went on to be the town organist. Čiurlionis was a musical prodigy: he could play by ear at age three and could [[Sight-reading#In music|sight-read]] music freely by age seven. Three years out of primary school, he went to study at the musical school of Prince [[Michał Ogiński]] where he learned to play several orchestral instruments, in particular the flute, from 1889 to 1893. Supported by Prince Ogiński's 'scholarship' Čiurlionis studied piano and composition at the [[Warsaw]] [[College or university school of music|Conservatory]] from 1894 to 1899. For his graduation, in 1899, he wrote a [[cantata]] for mixed chorus and symphonic orchestra titled ''De Profundis'', with the guidance of the composer [[Zygmunt Noskowski]]. Later he attended composition lectures at the [[Leipzig Conservatory]] (1901 to 1902), and studied drawing at the Warsaw School of Fine Arts from 1904 to 1906 and became a friend of Polish composer and painter [[Eugeniusz Morawski-Dąbrowa]]. After the [[1905 Russian Revolution]], which resulted in the loosening of cultural restrictions on the Empire's minorities, he began to identify himself as a Lithuanian.<ref name=snyder>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&pg=PA100&dq=%C4%8Ciurlionis+lithuanian+1905&hl=en&ei=yF58TJiXLMadnAe2tPmWCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The reconstruction of nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999|author=[[Timothy Snyder]]|page=100|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2004|ISBN=978-0-300-10586-5}}</ref>


He was one of the initiators of, and a participant in, the [[First Exhibition of Lithuanian Art]] that took place in 1907 in [[Vileišis Palace]], [[Vilnius]]. Soon after this event the ''Lithuanian Union of Arts'' was founded, and Czurlanis was one of its 19 founding members.
He was one of the initiators of, and a participant in, the [[First Exhibition of Lithuanian Art]] that took place in 1907 in [[Vileišis Palace]], [[Vilnius]]. Soon after this event the ''Lithuanian Union of Arts'' was founded, and Čiurlionis was one of its 19 founding members.


In 1907 he became acquainted with Sofija Kymantaitė (1886–1958), an [[art critic]]. Through this association Czurlanis learned to speak better Lithuanian. Early in 1909 he married Sofija. At the end of that year he traveled to [[St. Petersburg]], where he exhibited some of his paintings. On Christmas Eve Czurlanis fell into a profound depression and at the beginning of 1910 was hospitalized in a sanatorium called „Czerwony Dwór" (Red Manor) in [[Pustelnik, Marki|Pustelnik]]( now [[Marki]]), northeast of [[Warsaw]]. While a patient there he died of pneumonia in 1911 at 35 years of age. He was buried at the [[Rasos Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]. He never saw his daughter Danutė (1910–1995).
In 1907 he became acquainted with Sofija Kymantaitė (1886–1958), an [[art critic]]. Through this association Čiurlionis learned to speak better Lithuanian. Early in 1909 he married Sofija. At the end of that year he traveled to [[St. Petersburg]], where he exhibited some of his paintings. On Christmas Eve Čiurlionis fell into a profound depression and at the beginning of 1910 was hospitalized in a sanatorium called „Czerwony Dwór" (Red Manor) in [[Pustelnik, Marki|Pustelnik]]( now [[Marki]]), northeast of [[Warsaw]]. While a patient there he died of pneumonia in 1911 at 35 years of age. He was buried at the [[Rasos Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]. He never saw his daughter Danutė (1910–1995).


Czurlanis felt that he was a [[Synesthesia in art|synesthete]]; that is, he perceived colors and music simultaneously. Many of his paintings bear the names of musical pieces: [[sonata]]s, [[fugue]]s, and [[Prelude (music)|prelude]]s.
Čiurlionis felt that he was a [[Synesthesia in art|synesthete]]; that is, he perceived colors and music simultaneously. Many of his paintings bear the names of musical pieces: [[sonata]]s, [[fugue]]s, and [[Prelude (music)|prelude]]s.


==Posthumous recognition==
==Posthumous recognition==
In 1911 the first posthumous exhibition of Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis's art was held in [[Vilnius]] and [[Kaunas]]. During the same year an exhibition of his art was held in Moscow, and in 1912 his works were exhibited in [[St. Petersburg]]. The [[National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art]] was founded in Vilnius in 1945; soon afterwards the Lithuanian community in Chicago opened the Czurlanis Art Gallery, hosting collections of his works. In 1963 the Czurlanis Memorial Museum was opened in Druskininkai, in the house where Czurlanis and his family lived. This museum holds biographical documents as well as photographs and reproductions of the artist's works.
In 1911 the first posthumous exhibition of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis's art was held in [[Vilnius]] and [[Kaunas]]. During the same year an exhibition of his art was held in Moscow, and in 1912 his works were exhibited in [[St. Petersburg]]. The [[National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art]] was founded in Vilnius in 1945; soon afterwards the Lithuanian community in Chicago opened the Čiurlionis Art Gallery, hosting collections of his works. In 1963 the Čiurlionis Memorial Museum was opened in Druskininkai, in the house where Čiurlionis and his family lived. This museum holds biographical documents as well as photographs and reproductions of the artist's works.


Czurlanis inspired the Lithuanian composer [[Osvaldas Balakauskas]]' work ''Sonata of the Mountains'' (1975), and every four years junior musical performers from Lithuania and neighbouring countries take part in the Czurlanis Competition. Czurlanis's name has been given to cliffs in [[Franz Josef Land]], a peak in the [[Pamir Mountains]], and to [[2420 Čiurlionis|asteroid #2420]], discovered by the Crimean astrophysicist [[Nikolaj Cernych]].
Čiurlionis inspired the Lithuanian composer [[Osvaldas Balakauskas]]' work ''Sonata of the Mountains'' (1975), and every four years junior musical performers from Lithuania and neighbouring countries take part in the Čiurlionis Competition. Čiurlionis's name has been given to cliffs in [[Franz Josef Land]], a peak in the [[Pamir Mountains]], and to [[2420 Čiurlionis|asteroid #2420]], discovered by the Crimean astrophysicist [[Nikolaj Cernych]].


Czurlanis's works have been displayed at international exhibitions in Japan, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere. His paintings were featured at "Visual Music" fest, an homage to synesthesia that included the works of [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler|James McNeill Whistler]], and [[Paul Klee]], at the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]] in 2005.<ref>[http://www.stevebeck.tv/press/VMreleasefinal.pdf Visual Music, 13 February through 22 May 2005, MOCA Grand Avenue]</ref>
Čiurlionis's works have been displayed at international exhibitions in Japan, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere. His paintings were featured at "Visual Music" fest, an homage to synesthesia that included the works of [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler|James McNeill Whistler]], and [[Paul Klee]], at the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]] in 2005.<ref>[http://www.stevebeck.tv/press/VMreleasefinal.pdf Visual Music, 13 February through 22 May 2005, MOCA Grand Avenue]</ref>


==Musical works==
==Musical works==
Line 49: Line 49:


==Paintings==
==Paintings==
The most famous Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis paintings include:
The most famous Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis paintings include:


*Cycle ''Winter'' (1906–1907)
*Cycle ''Winter'' (1906–1907)
Line 102: Line 102:


{{Persondata
{{Persondata
|NAME=Czurlanis, Mikalojus Konstantinas
|NAME=Čiurlionis, Mikalojus Konstantinas
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Famous Polish painter, composer
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Famous Lithuanian painter, composer
|DATE OF BIRTH=22 September 1875
|DATE OF BIRTH=22 September 1875
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Varėna]], [[Lithuania]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Varėna]], [[Lithuania]]

Revision as of 07:06, 13 February 2012

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
Born
Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis

(1875-09-22)22 September 1875
Senoji Varėna, Russian Empire
Died10 April 1911(1911-04-10) (aged 35)
Pustelnik (Marki), Russian Empire
NationalityLithuanian
EducationWarsaw Conservatory, Leipzig Conservatory, Warsaw School of Fine Arts
Known forPainting, musical composition
Notable workSpring Sonata, In the Forest
MovementSymbolism; Art nouveau
The Zodiac cycle. Sagittarius (1907)
Sonata of the Sea. Finale (1908)
Creation of the World X (1906-1907)
Building where Čiurlionis died

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (Polish 'Mikołaj Konstanty Czurlanis'), also known as M. K. Čiurlionis (22 September [O.S. 10 September] 1875 –10 April [O.S. 28 March] 1911) was a Lithuanian painter and composer. Čiurlionis contributed to symbolism and art nouveau and was representative of the fin de siècle epoch. During his short life he composed about 250 pieces of music and created about 300 paintings. The majority of his paintings are housed in the M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum in Kaunas, Lithuania. His works have had a profound influence on modern Lithuanian culture. The asteroid 2420 Čiurlionis is named after him.

Biography

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis was born in Senoji Varėna, the oldest of nine children of his father, Konstantinas, and his mother, Adelė. Like many educated Lithuanians of the time, Čiurlionis's family spoke Polish, and he became fluent in Lithuanian only after meeting his fiancée.[1] In 1878 his family moved to Druskininkai, where his father went on to be the town organist. Čiurlionis was a musical prodigy: he could play by ear at age three and could sight-read music freely by age seven. Three years out of primary school, he went to study at the musical school of Prince Michał Ogiński where he learned to play several orchestral instruments, in particular the flute, from 1889 to 1893. Supported by Prince Ogiński's 'scholarship' Čiurlionis studied piano and composition at the Warsaw Conservatory from 1894 to 1899. For his graduation, in 1899, he wrote a cantata for mixed chorus and symphonic orchestra titled De Profundis, with the guidance of the composer Zygmunt Noskowski. Later he attended composition lectures at the Leipzig Conservatory (1901 to 1902), and studied drawing at the Warsaw School of Fine Arts from 1904 to 1906 and became a friend of Polish composer and painter Eugeniusz Morawski-Dąbrowa. After the 1905 Russian Revolution, which resulted in the loosening of cultural restrictions on the Empire's minorities, he began to identify himself as a Lithuanian.[1]

He was one of the initiators of, and a participant in, the First Exhibition of Lithuanian Art that took place in 1907 in Vileišis Palace, Vilnius. Soon after this event the Lithuanian Union of Arts was founded, and Čiurlionis was one of its 19 founding members.

In 1907 he became acquainted with Sofija Kymantaitė (1886–1958), an art critic. Through this association Čiurlionis learned to speak better Lithuanian. Early in 1909 he married Sofija. At the end of that year he traveled to St. Petersburg, where he exhibited some of his paintings. On Christmas Eve Čiurlionis fell into a profound depression and at the beginning of 1910 was hospitalized in a sanatorium called „Czerwony Dwór" (Red Manor) in Pustelnik( now Marki), northeast of Warsaw. While a patient there he died of pneumonia in 1911 at 35 years of age. He was buried at the Rasos Cemetery in Vilnius. He never saw his daughter Danutė (1910–1995).

Čiurlionis felt that he was a synesthete; that is, he perceived colors and music simultaneously. Many of his paintings bear the names of musical pieces: sonatas, fugues, and preludes.

Posthumous recognition

In 1911 the first posthumous exhibition of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis's art was held in Vilnius and Kaunas. During the same year an exhibition of his art was held in Moscow, and in 1912 his works were exhibited in St. Petersburg. The National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art was founded in Vilnius in 1945; soon afterwards the Lithuanian community in Chicago opened the Čiurlionis Art Gallery, hosting collections of his works. In 1963 the Čiurlionis Memorial Museum was opened in Druskininkai, in the house where Čiurlionis and his family lived. This museum holds biographical documents as well as photographs and reproductions of the artist's works.

Čiurlionis inspired the Lithuanian composer Osvaldas Balakauskas' work Sonata of the Mountains (1975), and every four years junior musical performers from Lithuania and neighbouring countries take part in the Čiurlionis Competition. Čiurlionis's name has been given to cliffs in Franz Josef Land, a peak in the Pamir Mountains, and to asteroid #2420, discovered by the Crimean astrophysicist Nikolaj Cernych.

Čiurlionis's works have been displayed at international exhibitions in Japan, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere. His paintings were featured at "Visual Music" fest, an homage to synesthesia that included the works of Wassily Kandinsky, James McNeill Whistler, and Paul Klee, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles in 2005.[2]

Musical works

Some of his most-performed musical works include:

  • Prelude in F sharp major
  • String Quartet in C minor
  • Prelude in A major
  • Karalaitės kelionė: Pasaka (The Princess's Journey: A Fairy Tale)
  • Seven fugues for organ
  • Folk songs for choir
  • Miške (In the Forest), symphonic poem for orchestra (posthumous)
  • Jūra (The Sea), symphonic poem for orchestra (posthumous)

Paintings

The most famous Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis paintings include:

  • Cycle Winter (1906–1907)
  • Cycle The Zodiac (1907)
  • Sonatas (1907–1908)
  • Cycle Fairy-Tale (1909)
  • Creation of the World
  • Sonata of the Spring (1907)
  • Sonata of the Summer (1908)
  • Sonata of the Sun (1907)
  • Sonata of the Sea (1908)
  • Sonata of the Pyramids (1908)
  • Sonata of the Stars (1908)
  • Sonata of the Serpent (1908)
  • Diptych "Prelude and Fugue" (1908)
  • Triptych "Fantasy" (1908)
  • Other Preludes and Fugues
    • Winter - Cycle of Eight Pictures (1906-7)
    • Spring - Four Pictures (1907-8)
    • Summer - Cycle of Three Pictures (1907-8)

Gallery

  • Cloud Boat
    Cloud Boat
  • The Past
    The Past
  • Crosses in Žemaitija
    Crosses in Žemaitija
  • Kings' Fairy Tale (1908-1909)
    Kings' Fairy Tale (1908-1909)
  • Tranquility (1904-1905)
    Tranquility (1904-1905)
  • Preludes and Fugues. Angel. Prelude
    Preludes and Fugues. Angel. Prelude

Notes

  1. ^ a b Timothy Snyder (2004). The reconstruction of nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999. Yale University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
  2. ^ Visual Music, 13 February through 22 May 2005, MOCA Grand Avenue

References

  • Stasys Goštautas (editor), Čiurlionis: Painter and Composer, Vaga, Vilnius, 1994

External links


Template:Persondata

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F476603858

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