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'''Benin City''', is a city (2006 est. pop. 1,147,188) and the capital of [[Edo State, Nigeria|Edo State]] in southern [[Nigeria]]. It is a city approximately |
'''Benin City''', is a city (2006 est. pop. 1,147,188) and the capital of [[Edo State, Nigeria|Edo State]] in southern [[Nigeria]]. It is a city approximately 25 miles north of the Benin River. It is situated 200 miles by road east of [[Lagos]]. Benin is the centre of Nigeria's [[rubber]] industry, but processing [[oil palm|palm nuts]] for [[Palm oil|oil]] is also an important traditional industry.<ref name="columbia encyclopedia">[http://bartleby.com/65/be/BeninNig.html ''Benin, City, Nigeria,''] The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2005 Columbia University Press. Retrieved 18 February 2007</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Benin City was originally under the rule of Ogisos, meaning "Kings of the Sky". When the last Ogiso died the chiefs disagreed over who would be the next Ogiso, so the Benin sent a message to Ife to the Oni of ife Oba Oduduwa the king of Ife to send them a king, Oba Oduduwa then sent them his grandson prince Oranmiyan. When Oranmiyan came to Benin he struggled with the culture and ways of Benin so he then decided to leave Benin, on this Oba Oranmiyan changed the name of the city to Ile-Ibinu (1180-1897) which means "House of Vexation" in the [[Yoruba language]]. Before leaving Benin Oranmiyan had a son by princess Erewinde who could not talk when Oranmiyan heard of this he sent seven marbles for his child to play with, when his son was playing with the marbles one of the marbles broke he immediately said owomika or Eweka.Meaning I succeeded. He immediately became the first Oba of Benin. Oba Eweka the 1st.Changing the name of Ogiso to be tiled Oba meaning king in yoruba language. And the town became ile binu, [[Oba Ewedo]] would later change this name to "Ubinu" which the Portuguese interpreted as "Benin" in their own language. Around 1470, Ewuare changed the name of the state to Edo.<ref>''The Sun'', Wednesday, 17 September 2008</ref> This was about the time the people of [[Okpekpe]] migrated from Benin City. |
Benin City was originally under the rule of Ogisos, meaning "Kings of the Sky". When the last Ogiso died the chiefs disagreed over who would be the next Ogiso, so the Benin sent a message to Ife to the Oni of ife Oba Oduduwa the king of Ife to send them a king, Oba Oduduwa then sent them his grandson prince Oranmiyan. When Oranmiyan came to Benin he struggled with the culture and ways of Benin so he then decided to leave Benin, on this Oba Oranmiyan changed the name of the city to Ile-Ibinu (1180-1897) which means "House of Vexation" in the [[Yoruba language]]. Before leaving Benin Oranmiyan had a son by princess Erewinde who could not talk when Oranmiyan heard of this he sent seven marbles for his child to play with, when his son was playing with the marbles one of the marbles broke he immediately said owomika or Eweka.Meaning I succeeded. He immediately became the first Oba of Benin. Oba Eweka the 1st. Changing the name of Ogiso to be tiled Oba meaning king in yoruba language. And the town became ile binu, [[Oba Ewedo]] would later change this name to "Ubinu" which the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] interpreted as "Benin" in their own language. Around 1470, Ewuare changed the name of the state to Edo.<ref>''The Sun'', Wednesday, 17 September 2008</ref> This was about the time the people of [[Okpekpe]] migrated from Benin City. |
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This portion is largely |
This portion is largely incorrect (28/11/2011 |
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The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] visited Benin City around 1485. Benin grew rich during the |
The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] visited Benin City around 1485. Benin grew rich during the 16th and 17th centuries due to the slave trade with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and the Portuguese, as well as through the export of tropical products.<ref name="columbia encyclopedia"/> |
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The [[Bight of Benin]]'s shore was part of the so-called "[[Slave Coast]]", from where many West |
The [[Bight of Benin]]'s shore was part of the so-called "[[Slave Coast]]", from where many [[West Africa]]ns were sold to slave traders who enticed them to sell able-bodied men into bonded servitude. In the early 16th century the Oba sent an ambassador to [[Lisbon]], and the [[King of Portugal]] sent [[Christian]] [[missionaries]] to Benin. Some residents of Benin could still speak a [[pidgin]] Portuguese in the late 19th century. Many Portuguese [[loan words]] can still be found today in the languages of the area. |
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On 1 February 1852 the whole [[Bight of Benin]] became a British protectorate, where a [[Consul (representative)|consul]] represented the protector, until on 6 August 1861 the [[Bight of Bonny|Bights of Biafra]] and Benin became a united [[British protectorate]], again under a British Consul. |
On 1 February 1852 the whole [[Bight of Benin]] became a British protectorate, where a [[Consul (representative)|consul]] represented the protector, until on 6 August 1861 the [[Bight of Bonny|Bights of Biafra]] and Benin became a united [[British protectorate]], again under a British Consul. |
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On 17 February 1897, Benin City fell to the British.<ref name="columbia encyclopedia"/> In the "[[Benin Expedition of 1897|Punitive Expedition]]", a 1,200 strong British force, under the command of Admiral [[Sir Harry Rawson]], conquered and |
On 17 February 1897, Benin City fell to the British.<ref name="columbia encyclopedia"/> In the "[[Benin Expedition of 1897|Punitive Expedition]]", a 1,200 strong British force, under the command of Admiral [[Sir Harry Rawson]], conquered and razed the city, destroying much of the country's treasured art and dispersing nearly all that remained. No thorough studies have been done so far in order to estimate the number of Nigerians massacred by the British and other Europeans during these periods, as well as the extent of crimes against humanity such as rapes and tortures to the local dwellers by the European invaders. The "[[Benin Bronzes]]", portrait figures, busts and groups created in [[iron]], carved [[ivory]], and especially in [[brass]] (conventionally called "bronze"), were taken from the city by the British and are currently displayed in various [[museum]]s around the world.<ref name="columbia encyclopedia"/> This act was perpetuated by the British who also auctioned some of the bronzes allegedly to cater for their expenses incurred during the invasion of the city. Most of these artifacts can be found today in British museums and other parts of the world. In recent years, various appeals have gone to the British government to return such artifacts. The most prominent of these artifacts was the famous Queen Idia mask used as a mascot during the Second Festival of Arts Culture (FESTAC '77) held in Nigeria in 1977 now known as "Festac Mask". |
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The defeat, capture and subjugation of Benin paved the way for British military occupation and the merging of later regional British conquests into the [[Niger Coast Protectorate]], the [[Protectorate of Southern Nigeria]] and finally, into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The British permitted the restoration of the Benin monarchy in 1914, but true political power still lay with the colonial administration of Nigeria. |
The defeat, capture and subjugation of Benin paved the way for British military occupation and the merging of later regional British conquests into the [[Niger Coast Protectorate]], the [[Protectorate of Southern Nigeria]] and finally, into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The British permitted the restoration of the Benin monarchy in 1914, but true political power still lay with the colonial administration of Nigeria. |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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Benin City is home to some of Nigeria's institutions of higher learning, namely, |
Benin City is home to some of Nigeria's institutions of higher learning, namely, the [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]], Ambrose Alli University (Previously Edo State University), Igbinedion University, the [[Benson Idahosa University]] - renowned for its advancement in information technology, entrepreneurship and leadership development. Benin City also has one of the best secondary schools in Nigeria and these include, [[Edo College]], [[Eghosa Grammar School]], Edokpolor Grammar School, Niger College, [[Presentation National High School]], [http://www.iccoba.com/members.htm Immaculate conception Collge], Idia College, University of Benin Demonstration Secondary School, [[University Preparatory Secondary School]], Benin Technical College, Headquarters of Word of Faith Group of Schools, Nosakhare Model Education Centre and Igbinedion Educational Centre, Federal Government Girls College Benin-city, Paragon Comprehensive College. |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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* [[Dmitri Bondarenko|Bondarenko D. M.]] A Homoarchic Alternative to the Homoarchic State: Benin Kingdom of the |
* [[Dmitri Bondarenko|Bondarenko D. M.]] A Homoarchic Alternative to the Homoarchic State: Benin Kingdom of the Thirteenth - Nineteenth Centuries. [[Social Evolution & History]]. 2005. Vol. 4, No 2. P. 18-88. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 10:15, 1 January 2012
Benin City | |
|---|---|
Major city | |
 Statue on King's Square (Ring Road) in Benin City | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Edo State |
| Population (2006) | |
| • Total | 1,147,188 |
Benin City, is a city (2006 est. pop. 1,147,188) and the capital of Edo State in southern Nigeria. It is a city approximately 25 miles north of the Benin River. It is situated 200 miles by road east of Lagos. Benin is the centre of Nigeria's rubber industry, but processing palm nuts for oil is also an important traditional industry.[1]
History
Benin City was originally under the rule of Ogisos, meaning "Kings of the Sky". When the last Ogiso died the chiefs disagreed over who would be the next Ogiso, so the Benin sent a message to Ife to the Oni of ife Oba Oduduwa the king of Ife to send them a king, Oba Oduduwa then sent them his grandson prince Oranmiyan. When Oranmiyan came to Benin he struggled with the culture and ways of Benin so he then decided to leave Benin, on this Oba Oranmiyan changed the name of the city to Ile-Ibinu (1180-1897) which means "House of Vexation" in the Yoruba language. Before leaving Benin Oranmiyan had a son by princess Erewinde who could not talk when Oranmiyan heard of this he sent seven marbles for his child to play with, when his son was playing with the marbles one of the marbles broke he immediately said owomika or Eweka.Meaning I succeeded. He immediately became the first Oba of Benin. Oba Eweka the 1st. Changing the name of Ogiso to be tiled Oba meaning king in yoruba language. And the town became ile binu, Oba Ewedo would later change this name to "Ubinu" which the Portuguese interpreted as "Benin" in their own language. Around 1470, Ewuare changed the name of the state to Edo.[2] This was about the time the people of Okpekpe migrated from Benin City.
This portion is largely incorrect (28/11/2011 The Portuguese visited Benin City around 1485. Benin grew rich during the 16th and 17th centuries due to the slave trade with the Dutch and the Portuguese, as well as through the export of tropical products.[1]
The Bight of Benin's shore was part of the so-called "Slave Coast", from where many West Africans were sold to slave traders who enticed them to sell able-bodied men into bonded servitude. In the early 16th century the Oba sent an ambassador to Lisbon, and the King of Portugal sent Christian missionaries to Benin. Some residents of Benin could still speak a pidgin Portuguese in the late 19th century. Many Portuguese loan words can still be found today in the languages of the area.
On 1 February 1852 the whole Bight of Benin became a British protectorate, where a consul represented the protector, until on 6 August 1861 the Bights of Biafra and Benin became a united British protectorate, again under a British Consul.
On 17 February 1897, Benin City fell to the British.[1] In the "Punitive Expedition", a 1,200 strong British force, under the command of Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, conquered and razed the city, destroying much of the country's treasured art and dispersing nearly all that remained. No thorough studies have been done so far in order to estimate the number of Nigerians massacred by the British and other Europeans during these periods, as well as the extent of crimes against humanity such as rapes and tortures to the local dwellers by the European invaders. The "Benin Bronzes", portrait figures, busts and groups created in iron, carved ivory, and especially in brass (conventionally called "bronze"), were taken from the city by the British and are currently displayed in various museums around the world.[1] This act was perpetuated by the British who also auctioned some of the bronzes allegedly to cater for their expenses incurred during the invasion of the city. Most of these artifacts can be found today in British museums and other parts of the world. In recent years, various appeals have gone to the British government to return such artifacts. The most prominent of these artifacts was the famous Queen Idia mask used as a mascot during the Second Festival of Arts Culture (FESTAC '77) held in Nigeria in 1977 now known as "Festac Mask".
The defeat, capture and subjugation of Benin paved the way for British military occupation and the merging of later regional British conquests into the Niger Coast Protectorate, the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and finally, into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The British permitted the restoration of the Benin monarchy in 1914, but true political power still lay with the colonial administration of Nigeria.
Education
Benin City is home to some of Nigeria's institutions of higher learning, namely, the University of Benin, Ambrose Alli University (Previously Edo State University), Igbinedion University, the Benson Idahosa University - renowned for its advancement in information technology, entrepreneurship and leadership development. Benin City also has one of the best secondary schools in Nigeria and these include, Edo College, Eghosa Grammar School, Edokpolor Grammar School, Niger College, Presentation National High School, Immaculate conception Collge, Idia College, University of Benin Demonstration Secondary School, University Preparatory Secondary School, Benin Technical College, Headquarters of Word of Faith Group of Schools, Nosakhare Model Education Centre and Igbinedion Educational Centre, Federal Government Girls College Benin-city, Paragon Comprehensive College.
Culture
Attractions in the city include the National Museum Benin city, the Oba Palace, Igun Street (-famous for bronze casting and other metal works for centuries). Other attractions include various festivals and the Benin Moats (measuring about 20 to 40 ft), the famous King's Square on Ring Road and its traditional markets.
Beninese are known for bronze sculpture, its casting skills and their arts and craft. Benin city is also reputed taking in one of the oldest sustained monarchies in the world. Various festivals are held in Benin city yearly to celebrate various historic occasions and seasons. Igue Festival is the most popular of the festivals where the Oba celebrates the history and culture of his people and blesses the land and the people. It is celebrated at a time between Christmas and New Year.
Recent development
Since Adams Oshiomole assumed office in August 2008, the city has embarked on construction of new roads, ringroad beautification and job creation. A bustling commercial centre has developed. Economic and efficient buses where bought by the current administration to ease traffic congestion.
References
http://www.edostate.gov.ng/category/image-galleries/infrastructure
Bibliography
- Bondarenko D. M. A Homoarchic Alternative to the Homoarchic State: Benin Kingdom of the Thirteenth - Nineteenth Centuries. Social Evolution & History. 2005. Vol. 4, No 2. P. 18-88.