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{{Direct labor cost}} |
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{{shortcut|H:HTML|WP:HTML}} |
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For many HTML elements, more convenient wikitext code is available, see [[Help:Wiki markup]], however there are some situations in which the HTML alternative is useful, for example creating a link to a particular element of a table. |
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==Direct labor cost Definition== |
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==Permitted HTML== |
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''Direct labor cost'' is a Part of wage-bill or payroll that can be specifically and consistently assigned to or associated with the manufacture of a product, a particular work order, or provision of a service also, we can say also it is the cost of the work done by those worker who actually make the product on the production line. |
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The following [[HTML element]]s are currently permitted: |
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{{Colbegin|3}} |
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* [[HTML element#General|<abbr>]] |
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**Marks an abbreviation, and can make the full form available: <abbr title="abbreviation">abbr.</abbr> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<b>]] |
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**<b>Sets font to boldface where possible</b> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<big>]] |
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**<big>Increases</big> font size |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<blockquote>]] |
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**A block-level quotation, <blockquote>for when the quotation includes block level elements,</blockquote> e.g. paragraphs |
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* [[HTML element#Other inline elements|<br>]] |
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**A forced<br /> line-break |
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* [[HTML element#Tables|<caption>]] |
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**<table><caption>Specifies a caption for a table</caption></table> |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<center>]] |
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**<center>Creates a block-level center-aligned division</center> |
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* [[HTML element#Other inline elements|<cite>]] |
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**<cite>A citation</cite> |
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* [[HTML element#Computer phrase elements|<code>]] |
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**<code>A code snippet</code> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<dd>]] |
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**<dl><dd>The definition of a term,</dd><dd>in a definition list</dd></dl> |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<del>]] |
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**<del>Deleted text</del> |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<div>]] |
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**<div>A block-level logical division</div> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<dl>]] |
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**<dl>A definition list (consisting of definition terms paired with definitions)</dl> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<dt>]] |
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**<dl><dt>A definition term</dt><dt>in a definition list</dt></dl> |
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* [[HTML element#General|<em>]] |
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**<em>Emphasis</em> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<font>]] |
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**<font color="green" size="-1" face="Courier">Can specify the font color, typeface and size.</font> |
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* [[HTML element#Basic text|<h1>]] - [[HTML element#Basic text|<h6>]] |
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**<h3>Section headings at different levels.</h3> |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<hr>]] |
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**<hr>A horizontal rule</hr> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<i>]] |
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**<i>Sets font to italic where possible</i> |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<ins>]] |
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**<ins>Inserted text</ins> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<li>]] |
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:<li>A list item in ordered (ol)</li><li>or unordered (ul) lists</li> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<ol>]] |
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:<ol><li>An ordered...</li><li>(enumerated) list</li></ol> |
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* [[HTML element#Basic text|<p>]] |
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**Creates a <p>paragraph,</p> perhaps the most common block level element |
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* [[HTML element#Other block elements|<pre>]] |
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**<pre>Pre-formatted text</pre> |
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* [[Ruby character#Ruby markup|<rb>]] |
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**東 vs <ruby style="font-size:1.2em;"><rb>東</rb></ruby> |
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* [[Ruby character#Ruby markup|<rp>]] |
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**( vs <ruby style="font-size:1.2em;"><rp>(</rp></ruby> |
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* [[Ruby character#Ruby markup|<rt>]] |
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**とう vs <ruby style="font-size:1.2em;"><rt>とう</rt></ruby> |
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* [[Ruby character#Ruby markup|<ruby>]] |
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**東(とう)京(きょう) vs <ruby style="font-size:1.2em;"><rb>東</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>とう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> |
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<ruby style="font-size:1.2em;"><rb>京</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>きょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<s> <strike>]] |
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**<s>Strike-through text</s> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<small>]] |
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**<small>Decreases</small> font size |
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* [[HTML element#Span|<span>]] |
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**<span>An inline logical division</span> |
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* [[HTML element#General|<strong>]] |
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**<strong>Strong emphasis</strong> |
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* [[HTML element#Other inline elements|<sub>]] |
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**Mark<sub>subscript</sub> |
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* [[HTML element#Other inline elements|<sup>]] |
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**Mark<sup>superscript</sup> |
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* [[HTML element#Tables|<table>]] |
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**<table>Identifies a table</table> |
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* [[HTML element#Tables|<td>]] |
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**<table><td>A table data cell</td></table> |
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* [[HTML element#Tables|<th>]] |
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**<table><th>A table header cell; contents are conventionally displayed bold and centered</th></table> |
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* [[HTML element#Tables|<tr>]] |
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**<table><tr>Contains a row of cells in a table</tr></table> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<tt>]] |
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**<tt>Fixed-width font</tt> |
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* [[HTML element#Presentation|<u>]] |
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**<u>Underlines text</u> |
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* [[HTML element#Lists|<ul>]] |
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:<ul><li>An unordered...</li><li>(bulleted) list</li></ul> |
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* [[HTML element#Computer phrase elements|<var>]] |
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**<var>Indicates a variable</var> |
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* [[HTML element#Comments|<!-- ... -->]] |
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**<nowiki><!--Non-visible comment--></nowiki> |
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{{Colend}} |
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==The labor cost is determined by:-== |
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==Anchors== |
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*Planning the work to be performed. |
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HTML tags allow an <code>id</code> attribute that can be referenced in one's [[Help:User style|user style]] CSS, and allows the element to be used as link target. |
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*Describing the job content of the work, by indicating the skill, knowledge, etc. |
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*Matching the jobs with the employees. |
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==Why we need to calculate direct labor cost?== |
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However, the anchor element <code>a</code> is not allowed, so the wikitext |
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In any company we need to find the manufacturing cost during the year so if we want to find it we must find the direct labor cost, direct material cost and manufacturing overhead |
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<code><nowiki><a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/">Main Page</a></nowiki></code> |
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is treated like the wikitext |
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<code><nowiki>&lt;a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/"&gt;Main Page&lt;/a&gt;</nowiki></code> |
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and is therefore displayed as |
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{{Quote|1=<a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/">Main Page</a>}} |
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which is unlikely to be what the editor intended. Instead of using the anchor element (<a>) the wiki markup for external reference is required (enclosed in square brackets with the URL separated from the contents by a single space): |
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<code><nowiki>[http://meta.wikimedia.org/ Main Page]</nowiki></code> |
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displays as |
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{{Quote|[http://meta.wikimedia.org/ Main Page]}} |
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==Calculation of direct labor cost== |
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The following excerpt from [http://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/includes/Sanitizer.php?view=markup Sanitizer.php] additionally shows which attributes are allowed. |
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In the direct labor cost we need to have the job time and wage we will pay it to the worker to can calculate the direct labor cost as in this formulation:- |
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''Direct labor cost = job time × wage'' |
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==The wage== |
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In the companies the wages have to be decided by the manager in one of the two ways:- |
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*1-job attendance: job attendance wage means we calculate the total hour the worker attend the job here we can use the time ticket which is a document that record the employee's hour-by-hour activities during a day and multiply it by the hourly rate of the work |
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*2-performance: the performance wage means we calculate how many picas does the worker produce during his shift and multiply by the rate of producing one piece |
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==Calculate job time== |
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The job time need to be measured from the firm by one of the two ways we have it:- |
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==1-time study:-== |
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When we want to start to find the job we need certain items of equipment are essential. Basic time study equipment consists of: |
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- a stop-watch; |
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- a study board; |
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- time study forms; |
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although any or all of these may be replaced with electronic equivalents as will be indicated later on. |
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==Steps in making a time study== |
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<source lang="php"> |
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To find direct labor cost we need to find the time study which is usually consists of the following eight steps: |
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$htmlpairsStatic = array( # Tags that must be closed |
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*1- Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the operative and the surrounding conditions, which is likely to affect the carrying out of the work. |
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'b', 'del', 'i', 'ins', 'u', 'font', 'big', 'small', 'sub', 'sup', 'h1', |
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*2- Recording a complete description of the method, breaking down the operation into "elements". |
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'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'cite', 'code', 'em', 's', |
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*3- Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method and motions are being used, and determining the sample size. |
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'strike', 'strong', 'tt', 'var', 'div', 'center', |
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*4- Measuring with a timing device (usually a stop-watch) and recording the time taken by the operative to perform each "element" of the operation. |
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'blockquote', 'ol', 'ul', 'dl', 'table', 'caption', 'pre', |
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*5- At the same time, assessing the effective speed of working of the operative relative to the observer's concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating. |
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'ruby', 'rt' , 'rb' , 'rp', 'p', 'span', 'u', 'abbr' |
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*6- Extending the observed times to "basic times". |
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); |
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*7- Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the operation. |
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$htmlsingle = array( |
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*8- Determining the "standard time (Ts)” for the operation. |
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'br', 'hr', 'li', 'dt', 'dd' |
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); |
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$htmlsingleonly = array( # Elements that cannot have close tags |
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'br', 'hr' |
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); |
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$htmlnest = array( # Tags that can be nested--?? |
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'table', 'tr', 'td', 'th', 'div', 'blockquote', 'ol', 'ul', |
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'dl', 'font', 'big', 'small', 'sub', 'sup', 'span' |
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); |
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$tabletags = array( # Can only appear inside table, we will close them |
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'td', 'th', 'tr', |
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); |
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$htmllist = array( # Tags used by list |
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'ul','ol', |
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); |
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$listtags = array( # Tags that can appear in a list |
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'li', |
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); |
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</source> |
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== |
==2-work sampling:-== |
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In work sampling to find the direct labor cost we need to do the |
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Following steps: |
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{{mlw|HTML element|Span|<code>'''<span>'''</code>}} is a generic inline text container. |
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*1. visits the workplace randomly. |
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*2. In every visit to the workplace, we indicate the element of work the |
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<code>'''<font>'''</code> is a similar tag which is [[deprecation|deprecate]]d (should not be used) in favor of <nowiki><span></nowiki>.'' |
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Employees are engaged in. |
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*3. Find the total under each element. |
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For example |
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*4. We find the stander time for every unit (Ts) |
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<source lang=html4strict> |
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a <font color="red">red</font> word. |
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</source> |
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produces the same result as |
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<source lang=html4strict> |
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a <span style="color:red">red</span> word. |
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</source> |
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See also {{tim|font size demo}} and [[m:Help:Text color]]. |
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It's pointless to combine the legacy tag <tt><font></tt> |
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with inline CSS; legacy browsers would ignore the CSS, while |
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modern browsers support <tt><span></tt> (see above). |
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Note that in most cases, one can use a more descriptive tag, for instance, <strong><nowiki><strong></nowiki></strong> to indicate an important piece of text, or <em><nowiki><em></nowiki></em> (subject to the same things as strong) to indicate an emphasized piece of text. |
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This not only draws the user's attention to the text, but can also alert those who are using nonvisual browsers or have sight impairments, etc. to the fact that that is <em>emphasized text</em>. |
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===Using <nowiki><span></nowiki> as a link target=== |
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The standard way of providing a named anchor as an invisible target (i.e. <code><a name="Foo"></code>) doesn't work (since all <code><a></code> tags are converted), and [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html an alternative suggested by the W3C], <code><nowiki><hN id="Foo"></hN></nowiki></code>, produces an "[Edit]" link. |
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However, <code><nowiki><span id="Foo"/></nowiki></code> does produce a target that can be the destination of a link. (This is silently changed to <code><nowiki><span id="Foo"></span></nowiki></code>). Note that it doesn't work everywhere; for instance, in a table, it has to be inside a cell before some browsers will jump to it properly. |
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This technique can be used to produce immutable links from one article to a section of another, which continue to work even if the section name is changed by someone who does not realize that another article links there. For example, <code><nowiki><span id="immutable link from Article"/></nowiki></code>. |
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===<nowiki><div></nowiki>=== |
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<code>'''<div>'''</code> is a generic block container. Rules: |
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* <nowiki><div></nowiki> should be followed by a newline |
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* <nowiki></div></nowiki> should be preceded by a newline |
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*<nowiki></div></nowiki> followed by text on the same line, two newlines and text before <nowiki><div></nowiki> on the same line should be avoided (because the two newlines only produce a space) |
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===HTML comment=== |
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Using {{tim|t}}: |
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*{{xpd|t}} |
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*"<code><nowiki>{{subst:xpd|t}}</nowiki>"</code> gives "<!--t-->start-pqr-end", producing HTML code without the comment. |
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The "Remove comments" option of [[mw:Extension:ExpandTemplates|ExpandTemplates]] selects whether comments are removed, not just in the final result but throughout the expansion process. This affects the result of parser functions: a comment in the expression of #expr or in the condition of #ifexpr gives an error message unless "Remove comments" is on, and comments affect #if and #ifeq. |
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Example: |
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Wikitext: |
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---- |
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<pre> |
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{{#expr:<!--p-->3}} |
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{{#ifeq:<!--p-->3|3|1|0}} |
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{{#if:<!--p-->|1|0}} |
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</pre> |
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---- |
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Result of normal expansion, and of ExpandTemplates with "Remove comments" on: |
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---- |
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{{#expr:<!--p-->3}} |
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{{#ifeq:<!--p-->3|3|1|0}} |
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{{#if:<!--p-->|1|0}} |
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---- |
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Result of full substitution, and of ExpandTemplates with "Remove comments" off: |
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---- |
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0 |
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0 |
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1 |
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---- |
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Therefore it is typically better to avoid comments in these places, and to put the comment before or after the parser function. |
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In the case of nested parser functions, to avoid having to put the comments outside the whole, an alternative is <nowiki>{{void|</nowiki>''comment''}}. In the case of substitution of the parser function, "void" has to be substituted too, e.g. in a template allowing multi-level substitution we can put <nowiki>{{{{{subst1|}}}#expr:3*{{{1}}} {{{{{subst1|}}}void|</nowiki> multiply by 3 }}}}. |
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Another alternative is making the comment the name of a parameter (in the likely case that it is unused), with the empty string as default, e.g. <nowiki>{{{ multiply by 3 |}}} or, to recognize the intention, use pseudo comment tags: {{{<!- multiply by 3 ->|}}}, or real ones, if the empty string is not used as parameter: {{{<!-- multiply by 3 -->|}}}</nowiki>. |
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See also {{tim|t comment}}. |
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== Attributes == |
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Most tags can have a <tt>style</tt> attribute. For example |
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<source lang=html4strict> |
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<div style="font-size:80%"> |
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This is <span style="color:red">red</span> text. |
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</div> |
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</source> |
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produces: |
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<blockquote style="border:1px dotted gray; padding-left:20px"> |
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<div style="font-size:80%"> |
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This is <span style="color:red">red</span> text. |
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</div> |
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</blockquote> |
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Most tags can have classes and IDs. They can be used in conjunction with stylesheets to give a piece of text a descriptive class (or unique identifier) and to refer to that in a stylesheet. |
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For example |
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<source lang=html4strict> |
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<div class="infobox">Example infobox</div> |
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</source> |
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<div class="infobox">Example infobox</div> |
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Produces the box which floats on the right because <tt>infobox</tt> class is already defined in local [[Mediawiki:Common.css]]. |
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<br style=clear:all> |
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Classes and IDs can also be used by Javascript code, for example see [[:en:Template_talk:Link_FA#How_does_it_work.3F|how {Link FA} works]] in enwiki. |
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Classes are also widely used to create [[microformat]]s. See [[WP:UF|the microformats project]] for more information. Some [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes|class names are reserved]] for use in microformats. |
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Another attribute example is <tt>title</tt>, for example used in {{tl|H:title}} template: note the hover box over "20000 ft" |
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<blockquote style="border:1px dotted gray; padding-left:20px"> |
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"a height of {{h:title|6.1 km|20000 ft}} above sea level" |
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</blockquote> |
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<!-- |
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This is suitable if the color is specifically intended to be red; if it is just for emphasis a more general term for the class would be more appropriate, because css allows the user to choose another method of emphasis (another color, bold, enlarged, etc.). |
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Note that many readers will not have their own css with such lines as ".red {color:red}", so one cannot refer to "the red text above", etc. |
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--> |
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== Tags with special effect == |
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=== Pre === |
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<nowiki><pre></nowiki> tags work as the combination of <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki> and the standard HTML <nowiki><pre></nowiki> tag: the content will preformatted, and it will not be parsed, but shown as in the wikitext source. If you want preformatted but parsed text, use a space in the beginning of the line instead. For example, |
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<nowiki><pre>This word is <b>bold</b>.</pre> |
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This word is <b>bold</b>.</nowiki> |
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will render as |
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<pre>This word is <b>bold</b>.</pre> |
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This word is <b>bold</b>. |
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=== Comments === |
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<b>HTML comments in the wikitext (<nowiki><!-- ... --></nowiki>) will not appear in the HTML code at all.</b> |
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=== Headers === |
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Headers (<nowiki><h1>...<h6></nowiki>) will be treated in a similar way as wikicode headers: |
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<h6>sample header</h6> |
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Note that it appears in the table of contents and has an accompanying edit link. There are some minor differences though: editing such a section won't prefill the edit summary, and the browser won't jump to the beginning of the section when saving the page. Thus, you should use the wikitext equivalents instead. |
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== Exceptions == |
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In some pages in the MediaWiki namespace (typically the short messages like button labels) HTML does not work, and e.g. <span id=abc> produces the HTML &lt;span id=abc&gt; rendered by the browser as <span id=abc>. Some others are interpreted as pure HTML (thus any tag can be used, but wikicode won't be transformed to HTML). |
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User CSS and JS pages (see [[Help:User style]]) are interpreted as if inside a <nowiki><pre></nowiki> block. From MW 1.11 this also goes for sitewide CSS/JS; in earlier versions, you have to manually add <tt><nowiki>/*<pre>*/</nowiki></tt> to the beginning and <tt><nowiki>/*</pre>*/</nowiki></tt> to the end of those pages to avoid strange rendering. |
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==Validation== |
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{{main|Help:Markup validation}} |
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The MediaWiki software attempts to catch HTML errors, but it does not catch all of them. If you use HTML in wikitext, it is helpful to verify it with the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Wikipedia:Span tags]] |
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== External links == |
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* HTML 4.01 specification: [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/elements.html elements] | [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/attributes.html attributes] |
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* For customizing the handling of HTML in MediaWiki, see the HTML and Tidy sections in [[mw:Manual:Configuration settings]] |
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* Some extensions allow adding arbitrary HTML to a page, for example [[mw:Extension:AddHTML]], [[mw:Extension:SecureHTML]] and [[mw:Extension:Secure HTML]]; see [[mw:Manual:$wgRawHtml|$wgRawHtml]] for a more complete list |
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* Within the MediaWiki codebase, these HTML checks happen in [http://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/includes/Sanitizer.php includes/Sanitizer.php] |
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[[Category:Editor handbook]] |
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[[Category:Wikipedia editor help]] |
|||
[[pt:Ajuda:HTML]] |
|||
[[sv:Wikipedia:Taggar]] |
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[[zh:Help:HTML]] |
|||
Revision as of 22:42, 15 January 2011
Direct labor cost Definition
Direct labor cost is a Part of wage-bill or payroll that can be specifically and consistently assigned to or associated with the manufacture of a product, a particular work order, or provision of a service also, we can say also it is the cost of the work done by those worker who actually make the product on the production line.
The labor cost is determined by:-
- Planning the work to be performed.
- Describing the job content of the work, by indicating the skill, knowledge, etc.
- Matching the jobs with the employees.
Why we need to calculate direct labor cost?
In any company we need to find the manufacturing cost during the year so if we want to find it we must find the direct labor cost, direct material cost and manufacturing overhead
Calculation of direct labor cost
In the direct labor cost we need to have the job time and wage we will pay it to the worker to can calculate the direct labor cost as in this formulation:- Direct labor cost = job time × wage
The wage
In the companies the wages have to be decided by the manager in one of the two ways:-
- 1-job attendance: job attendance wage means we calculate the total hour the worker attend the job here we can use the time ticket which is a document that record the employee's hour-by-hour activities during a day and multiply it by the hourly rate of the work
- 2-performance: the performance wage means we calculate how many picas does the worker produce during his shift and multiply by the rate of producing one piece
Calculate job time
The job time need to be measured from the firm by one of the two ways we have it:-
1-time study:-
When we want to start to find the job we need certain items of equipment are essential. Basic time study equipment consists of: - a stop-watch; - a study board; - time study forms; although any or all of these may be replaced with electronic equivalents as will be indicated later on.
Steps in making a time study
To find direct labor cost we need to find the time study which is usually consists of the following eight steps:
- 1- Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the operative and the surrounding conditions, which is likely to affect the carrying out of the work.
- 2- Recording a complete description of the method, breaking down the operation into "elements".
- 3- Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method and motions are being used, and determining the sample size.
- 4- Measuring with a timing device (usually a stop-watch) and recording the time taken by the operative to perform each "element" of the operation.
- 5- At the same time, assessing the effective speed of working of the operative relative to the observer's concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating.
- 6- Extending the observed times to "basic times".
- 7- Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the operation.
- 8- Determining the "standard time (Ts)” for the operation.
2-work sampling:-
In work sampling to find the direct labor cost we need to do the Following steps:
- 1. visits the workplace randomly.
- 2. In every visit to the workplace, we indicate the element of work the
Employees are engaged in.
- 3. Find the total under each element.
- 4. We find the stander time for every unit (Ts)