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'''"Muslims by nationality"''' (''Muslimani'', Муслимани) was a term used in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] to describe mainly native [[Slavic Muslims]]. In connection to the national rebirth and awakening in Yugoslavia during the 1990s they are now officially historically{{Fact|date=February 2007}} recognized as [[Bosniaks]] in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as [[Gorani (ethnic group)|Gorani]], [[Torbesh]], etc. However some people still consider themselves to be Muslims by nationality.
'''"Muslims by nationality"''' (''Muslimani'', Муслимани) was a term used in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] to describe mainly native [[Slavic Muslims]]. In connection to the national rebirth and awakening in Yugoslavia during the 1990s they are now officially historically<ref name="Imamovic">Imamović, Mustafa (1996). Historija Bošnjaka. Sarajevo: BZK Preporod. ISBN 9958-815-00-1</ref> recognized as [[Bosniaks]] in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However some people still consider themselves to be Muslims by nationality, and to a lesser extent [[Gorani (ethnic group)|Gorani]], [[Torbesh]], etc in [[Kosovo]].


==History==
==History==
The [[Constitution of SFRY]] recognized ''narodi'' ([[nation]]s&mdash;native peoples which were explicitly named in the Constitution, giving them special privileges) and ''narodnosti'' ([[nationality|nationalities]]&mdash;[[minority|minorities]]). In a debate that went on during the [[1960s]], many Muslim Communist intellectuals argued that Muslims of SFRY are in fact a native Slavic people. As a compromise, the Constitution was amended in [[1968]] to list ''Muslims by nationality''. The name was sometimes rejected - to quote Bosniak politician and president [[Hamdija Pozderac]]: ''"They don't allow Bosnianhood but they offered Muslimhood. We shall accept their offer, although the name is wrong, but with it we'll start the process."'' - In discussion with [[Josip Broz Tito]] in 1971 about constitutional changes which recognized Muslims (later Bosniaks). Sometimes other terms, such as ''Muslim with capital M'' were used (that is, "musliman" was a practicing Muslim while "Musliman" was a member of this nation; [[Serbo-Croatian]] uses capital letters for names of peoples but small for names of adherents).
The [[Constitution of SFRY]] recognized ''narodi'' ([[nation]]s&mdash;native peoples which were explicitly named in the Constitution, giving them special privileges) and ''narodnosti'' ([[nationality|nationalities]]&mdash;[[minority|minorities]]). In a debate that went on during the [[1960s]], many Bosniak communist intellectuals argued that Muslims of SFRY are in fact a native Slavic people. The Yugoslav "Muslim by nationality" policy was considered by [[Bosniaks]] to be neglecting and opposing their Bosnian identity because the term tried to describe Bosniaks as a religious group not an ethnic one. As a compromise, the Constitution was amended in [[1968]] to list ''Muslims by nationality''. <ref name="Imamovic">Imamović, Mustafa (1996). Historija Bošnjaka. Sarajevo: BZK Preporod. ISBN 9958-815-00-1</ref> But the name was sometimes still rejected - to quote Bosniak politician and president [[Hamdija Pozderac]]: ''"They don't allow Bosnianhood but they offered Muslimhood. We shall accept their offer, although the name is wrong, but with it we'll start the process."'' - In discussion with [[Josip Broz Tito]] in 1971 about constitutional changes which recognized Muslims (later Bosniaks). Sometimes other terms, such as ''Muslim with capital M'' were used (that is, "musliman" was a practicing Muslim while "Musliman" was a member of this nation; [[Serbo-Croatian]] uses capital letters for names of peoples but small for names of adherents).


After the [[1990s]], most of these people, around two million, mostly located in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the region of [[Sandzak|Sandžak]], declare as ethnic [[Bosniaks]][http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol7/No2/art3.html] (''Bošnjaci'', sing. ''Bošnjak'').
After the [[1990s]], most of these people, around two million, mostly located in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the region of [[Sandzak|Sandžak]], declare as ethnic [[Bosniaks]][http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol7/No2/art3.html] (''Bošnjaci'', sing. ''Bošnjak'').

Revision as of 17:42, 22 August 2007

"Muslims by nationality"
Total population
c. 80,000
Regions with significant populations
 Slovenia10,467(2002 census)
North Macedonia Rep. Macedonia2,553(2002 census)
 Croatia19,677(2001 census)
 Montenegro24,625(2003 census)
 Serbia
        (excluding Kosovo)		19,503(2002 census)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia/Herz.unknown
Languages
Serbo-Croat  (Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian)
Macedonian
Religion
Predominantly Islam
Related ethnic groups
South Slavs

"Muslims by nationality" (Muslimani, Муслимани) was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to describe mainly native Slavic Muslims. In connection to the national rebirth and awakening in Yugoslavia during the 1990s they are now officially historically[1] recognized as Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However some people still consider themselves to be Muslims by nationality, and to a lesser extent Gorani, Torbesh, etc in Kosovo.

History

The Constitution of SFRY recognized narodi (nations—native peoples which were explicitly named in the Constitution, giving them special privileges) and narodnosti (nationalities—minorities). In a debate that went on during the 1960s, many Bosniak communist intellectuals argued that Muslims of SFRY are in fact a native Slavic people. The Yugoslav "Muslim by nationality" policy was considered by Bosniaks to be neglecting and opposing their Bosnian identity because the term tried to describe Bosniaks as a religious group not an ethnic one. As a compromise, the Constitution was amended in 1968 to list Muslims by nationality. [1] But the name was sometimes still rejected - to quote Bosniak politician and president Hamdija Pozderac: "They don't allow Bosnianhood but they offered Muslimhood. We shall accept their offer, although the name is wrong, but with it we'll start the process." - In discussion with Josip Broz Tito in 1971 about constitutional changes which recognized Muslims (later Bosniaks). Sometimes other terms, such as Muslim with capital M were used (that is, "musliman" was a practicing Muslim while "Musliman" was a member of this nation; Serbo-Croatian uses capital letters for names of peoples but small for names of adherents).

After the 1990s, most of these people, around two million, mostly located in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region of Sandžak, declare as ethnic Bosniaks[1] (Bošnjaci, sing. Bošnjak).

On the other hand, some still use the old name Muslimani (Muslims), especially outside Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Population

  • In Serbia, the census of 2002 that covered Central Serbia and Vojvodina (but not Kosovo) registered 19,503 Muslims by nationality and 136,087 Bosniaks[2].
  • In Montenegro census of 2003, 24,625 (3.97%) of the population have declared as Muslims by nationality, while 48,184 (7.77%) have declared as Bosniaks.
  • In the Republic of Macedonia, the census of 2002 registered 17,018[3] Bosniaks and the number of Muslims by nationality was much less than that. It is also important to note that most members of Pomaks and Torbesh ethnicities also declared as Muslims by nationality prior to 1990.
  • The Croatian South Slavic Muslim community, is around 50,000, and is divided between 3 identities. Around 10,000 of them declare themselves as 'Croats' of Islamic faith, 20,000 as 'Muslims by Nationality' , and another 20,000 as Bosniaks.
  • In 2002 Slovenia census, 21,542 persons have declared as Bosniaks, and 8,062 as Bosnians, while 10,467 as Muslims by nationality.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b Imamović, Mustafa (1996). Historija Bošnjaka. Sarajevo: BZK Preporod. ISBN 9958-815-00-1
  2. ^ Statistics Office of Republic of Serbia. Population by nationality
  3. ^ Statistics Office of Republic of Macedonia - Државен завод за статистика:Попис на населението, домаќинствата и становите во Република Македонија, 2002: Дефинитивни податоци (PDF) Template:Mk icon
  4. ^ Statistics Office of Republic of Slovenia - Statistični urad Republike Slovenije: 7. Prebivalstvo po narodni pripadnosti, Slovenija, popisi 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 in 2002

See also


source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F152961960

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