Senate of Burundi Sénat du Burundi | |
---|---|
Type | |
Type | |
History | |
Founded | 1965[1] |
Leadership | |
Structure | |
Seats | 39 senators |
Political groups | CNDD-FDD: 34 seats CNL: 1 seat UPRONA: 1 seat Twa: 3 seats |
Length of term | 5 years |
Elections | |
Electoral college | |
Meeting place | |
Gitega | |
Website | |
www |
Burundi portal |
The Senate is the upper chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of between 39 and 56 members who serve 5-year terms. The current Senate was elected on 20 July 2020[3] and consists of 39 members.[4]
In each of the country's 18 provinces, two Senators (one Hutu and one Tutsi) are chosen by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Voting takes place using a three round system. In the first two rounds, a candidate must receive a supermajority of two-thirds of the vote to be elected. If no candidate is elected in these rounds, a third round is organized for the two leading candidates, of which the candidate receiving the majority of votes is elected. Three Senators represent the Twa ethnic group and additional members may be co-opted to meet the 30% gender representation quota for women. Former heads of state are Senators by right.
History[edit]
A provision of establishment of Senate was in the 1962 constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi, however, the body was only established in 1965.[1] The Senate was disestablished in 1966 after the coup of Michel Micombero.[1]
The Senate was re-established following Arusha Accords.[5] The transitional constitution was adopted on 18 October 2001.[6] The transitional senate was designated by the President and Vice-President of Burundi, and by the Office of the National Assembly, and was designed to balance political, ethic and regional representation. It was chaired by Libère Bararunyeretse and included the three former heads of state, three Twa people and at least two people with different ethnicity from each province.[5]
In a popular referendum on 28 February 2005 the people of Burundi overwhelmingly approved a post-transitional constitution. Senate members were indirectly elected on 29 July 2005 by an electoral college of commune and provincial councils.[6] The National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), which obtained the majority of seats in communal elections held in June, won an overwhelming majority (30) of the seats. The Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU) won 3 seats, while the remaining seat went the National Council for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD), a breakaway faction of the CNDD-FDD.
Four former heads of state - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (PARENA), Pierre Buyoya (UPRONA), Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (FRODEBU), and the current transitional president Domitien Ndayizeye (FRODEBU) will occupy seats in the Senate along with three Twa members. In order to meet the 30% quota for women, eight seats were co-opted giving the chamber of total of 49 seats.
On 19 August 2005, the Senate and National Assembly (acting as an Electoral College) elected Pierre Nkurunziza president of the republic. He took office on 26 August 2005.
Gervais Rufyikiri, a member of the CNDD-FDD, was elected president of the Senate on 17 August 2005. On 25 June 2015, he fled the country saying he felt threatened after opposing President Nkurunziza's bid for a third term.[7] His replacement, Révérien Ndikuriyo, has made remarks comparing political opponents to cockroaches, similar to what politicians did during the Rwandan genocide, raising fears of another genocide.[8][9][10]
Transitional senate[edit]
Members of the transitional senate were, in alphabetical order:[5]
- Bagaza, Jean-Baptiste
- Bararunyeretse, Libère
- Baricako, Anne-Marie
- Barikore, Gustave
- Bayaga, Evariste
- Bicishimisi, Judith
- Bikomagu, Jean
- Bitariho, Raphaël
- Bizimana, Clotilde
- Bukuru, Josias
- Buname, Alexandre
- Buyoya, Pierre
- Gahigi, Frédérique
- Ciza, Victor
- Habonimana, Stany
- Kabura, François
- Kabura Marie, Rose
- Kamwenubusa, Emile
- Kanyenkiko, Anatole
- Karenzo, Pélagie
- Karibwami, Désiré
- Manwangari, Jean Baptiste
- Misigaro, Michel
- Mugemencuro, Aloys
- Mukorako, Georges
- Nahimana, Pierre-Claver
- Ndabaneze, Immaculée
- Ndayisaba, Joseph
- Ndayishimiye, Etienne
- Ndimurukundo, Nicéphore
- Nikobamye, Gaétan
- Niragira, Consolate
- Nitunga, Nestor
- Niyobampama, Libère
- Niyongabo, Gérard
- Nkurunziza, Pascal
- Ntaganzwa, Benoît
- Ntagwirumugara, Christine
- Ntahonkiriye, Omer
- Ntambuka, Issa
- Nteziyaremye, Anatole
- Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre
- Ntibarutaye, Pierre
- Ntureka, Louis
- Nzabampema, Frédéric
- Nzoyisaba, Cathérine
- Ruzobavako, Séverin
- Sabuwanka, Elie
- Sahinguvu, Yves
- Segatwa, Fabien
- Simbagoye, Naftal
- Sindayigaya, Ferdinand
2005 Post-transitional senate[edit]
Members of the post-transitional senate elected in 2005 were:[11]
Province | Surname, given name | Ethnicity | Gender | Party | elected / coopted |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bubanza Province | Nimbesha, Richard | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Rugira, Jean-Marie | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Habanabashaka, Pétronie | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | coopted | |
Bujumbura Rural Province | Ndabaneze, Laurent | Hutu | M | FRODEBU | elected |
Baragengana, Rénovat | Tutsi | M | FRODEBU | elected | |
Bururi Province | Munyembabazi, William | Hutu | M | CNDD | elected |
Bimazubute, Générose | Tutsi | F | FRODEBU | elected | |
Nzoyisaba, Catherine | Tutsi | F | U-PRONA | coopted | |
Ndakoze, Monique | Tutsii | F | CNDD | coopted | |
Bayaga, Evariste | Twa | M | - | coopted | |
Cankuzo Province | Baranyizigiye, Jacqueline | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Harushingingo, Balbatus | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Cibitoke Province | Manirakiza, Anatole | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ngayabihema, Phocas | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Gitega Province | Rufyikiri, Gervais | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Busuguru, Déo | Tutsii | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bizimana, Clothilde | Hutu | F | FRODEBU | coopted | |
Karuzi Province | Nicayenzi, Jérome | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Rugema, Charles | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Abdallah, Zattune | Hutu | F | UPRONA | coopted | |
Kayanza Province | Nzikoruriho, Yollande | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Hakizimana, Emilien | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Nzitonda, Libérate | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | coopted | |
Kirundo Province | Musoro, Pascal | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Rivuzumwami, Philippe | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Masabo, Charles | Twa | M | - | coopted | |
Makamba Province | Niyungeko, Patricie | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ntacano, Oscar | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Muramvya Province | Nicimbesha, Laurent | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Biha André, | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Ndayishimiye, Adélaïde | Hutu | F | FRODEBU | coopted | |
Muyinga Province | Radjabu, Yassin | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Niyonzima, Jeanne-chantal | Tutsii | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Saidi, Joha | Tutsi | F | CNDD | coopted | |
Karenzo, Pélagie | Twa | F | - | coopted | |
Mwaro Province | Kekenwa, Jérémie | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ndikuriyo, Faustin | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Ngozi Province | Caraziwe, Clotilde | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ntwari, Antoine | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Rutana Province | Cegetera, Audace | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Vyubusa, Zozime | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Ruyigi Province | Ntureka, Louis | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Arakaza, Claudette | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bujumbura Mairie Province | Nakanyana, Générose | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Rukara, Mohamed | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
2010 Senate[edit]
Members of the senate elected on 28 July 2010 were:[12]
Province | Surname, given name | Ethnicity | Gender | Party | elected / coopted |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bubanza Province | Ntisezerana, Gabriel | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ndabaneze, Immaculee | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bujumbura Province | Nyandwi, Daphrose | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Rwanicineza, Laurent | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bururi Province | Nkengurutse, Emmanuel | Tutsi | M | UPRONA | elected |
Nizigama, Veronique | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Cankuzo Province | Ndayiragije, Samuel | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Nijebariko, Antoinette | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Cibitoke Province | Kurisansuma, Jean Bosco | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Habarugira, Hawa | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Gitega Province | Rufyikiri, Gervais | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Sinankwa, Fides | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bigirimana, Sophie (age 37) | Twa | F | AIDB | voop | |
Karuzi Province | Ndikumako, Athanase | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Mwashamba, Ismail | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Kayanza Province | Ndabirabe, Daniel Gelase | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ntawiha, Genevieve | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Kirundo Province | Ndemeye, Emmanuel | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Kankindi, Jenipher | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bambanze, Vital (age 38) | Twa | M | UNIPROBA | coop | |
Makamba Province | Ndikuriyo, Reverien | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ndayizeye, Francoise | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Muramvya Province | Nizigama, Clotilde | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Binegako, Sylvere | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Muyinga Province | Rugagamiza, Chrysologue | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ndayirorere, Christine | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Mwaro Province | Kekenwa, Jeremie | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Nduwimana, Bemardine | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Nicayenzi, Liberate (age 53) | Twa | F | UNIPROBA | coop | |
Ngozi Province | NduWamungu, Francois Exavier | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Mwidogo, Persille | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Rutana Province | Muhungu, Jean Bosco | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Ciza, Virginie | Hutu | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Ruyigi Province | Surwumwe, Edouard | Hutu | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Citegetse, Esperance | Tutsi | F | CNDD-FDD | elected | |
Bujumbura Mairie Province | Niyongabo, Pontien | Tutsi | M | CNDD-FDD | elected |
Gakobwa, Revocate | Hutu | F | Ncdd-fdd | elected |
2015 Senate[edit]
Senators elected in 2015 were:[13]
Province | Name | Ethnicity | Party |
---|---|---|---|
Bubanza Province | |||
Bururi Province | Agripine Nduwimana | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Anicet Niyongabo[a] | Tutsi | UPRONA | |
Bujumbura Province | Pascal Tahonzigamiye | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Evelyne Butoyi | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Cankuzo Province | Salvator Bigirimana | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
vérérande Nizigiyimana | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Cibitoke Province | Alexis Barekebavuge | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Ida Ndikumazambo | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Gitega Province | Déo Busuguru | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD |
spès Carits Njebarikanuye | Hutu | CNDD-FDD | |
Karuzi Province | |||
Kayanza Province | Martin Niteretse | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Victoire Nahimana | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Kirundo Province | Jean-Marie Muhirwa | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Jenifer Kankindi | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Makamba Province | Reverien Ndikuriyo | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Anesie Mfatiyimana | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Muramvya Province | Gloriose Hakizimana | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Emmanuel Niyonkuru | Tutsi | Ndd-fdd | |
Mwaro Province | Apollinaire Sindayikengera | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Agnès Gahwayi | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Ngozi Province | Joseph Ntakarutimana | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD |
charlotte Uwimana | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD. | |
Rutana Province | Jean Dieudonné Cubwa | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Jacqueline Sinzotuma | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Rumonge Province | |||
Ruyigi Province | Bénoite Nizigiyimana | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Bède Mbayahaga | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD | |
Mairie de Bujumbura | Rémy Barampama | Hutu | CNDD-FDD |
Emelance Ahishakiye | Tutsi | CNDD-FDD |
See also[edit]
- List of legislatures by country
- List of presidents of the Senate of Burundi
- Legislative branch
- National Assembly (Burundi), the other branch of Burundi's Parliament
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Sénat sous la constitution monarchique -".
- ^ "Emmanuel Sinzohagera, un religieux élu à la tête du Sénat". www.iwacu-burundi.org.
- ^ "Burundi / Sénatoriales 2015 : Le nouveau Sénat 2015 – 2020". Burundi AGnews. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Liste des Sénateurs Législature 2015-2020". Senat du Burundi. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ a b c Transitional Senate, Senate of Burundi.
- ^ a b Burundi (06/09) U.S. State Department.
- ^ "Burundi Vice-President Gervais Rufyikiri flees". BBC News. BBC. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ "Sliding towards anarchy". The Economist. 23 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ "Burundi: President's Speech Instills Fear as Killings Increase". Human Rights Watch. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ Dyer, Gwynne (27 April 2016). "Hearing the same rhetoric used in Rwanda in 1994". Vue Weekly. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ Arret No RCCB 148.
- ^ Arret RCCB 240 rendu par la cour constitutionnelle.
- ^ a b Burundi : Liste des sénateurs ... 2015.
Sources[edit]
- Arret No RCCB 148 (PDF) (in French), Constitutional Court of Burundi, 8 August 2005, retrieved 2024-06-14
- Arret RCCB 240 rendu par la cour constitutionnelle du Burundi portant sur la regularite des elections senatoriales du 28 juillet 2010 et la proclamation des resultats definitifs (PDF) (in French), cour constitutionnelle du Burundi, retrieved 2024-06-25
- Burundi (06/09), U.S. State Department, retrieved 2024-06-25
- Burundi : Liste des sénateurs élus, résultats des élections Sénatoriales du 24 juillet 2015 (in French), 26 July 2015, retrieved 2024-06-25
- Transitional Senate (in French), Senate of the Republic of Burundi, retrieved 2024-06-25