R10 can refer to:

• HMS Indefatigable (R10)
• Radial Road 10 or R-10, an arterial road of Manila, Philippines
• R10 (New York City Subway car)
• R10: Flammable, a risk phrase
• Audi R10 TDI, a sports prototype racing car built by Audi
• Expressway R10, an expressway in Czech Republic
• Neman R-10, a World War II Russian bomber
• USS R-10 (SS-87), a 1919 R-class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy
• Kellett XR-10, an American helicopter
• R10 (Rodalies de Catalunya), a former commuter rail line in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

and also:

• a nickname for footballer Ronaldinho
• The R10 series of preferred numbers
• Carbon tetrachloride (R-10), a solvent
• The R10 battery, an old IEC 1.5 V battery size with dimensions 20x36 mm
• receptor 10, the tenth in line of a series of cellular receptors, generally at the end of an acronym