Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM4gene.[5][6][7]
Together with GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8 it belongs to group III of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. Group III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade.[7]
Activation of GRM4 has potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of parkinson's disease. Splice variant "taste-GRM4" is involved in the perception of umami taste.[8]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Makoff A, Lelchuk R, Oxer M, Harrington K, Emson P (Apr 1996). "Molecular characterization and localization of human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 37 (1–2): 239–48. doi:10.1016/0169-328X(95)00321-I. PMID8738157.
^Wu S, Wright RA, Rockey PK, Burgett SG, Arnold JS, Rosteck PR, Johnson BG, Schoepp DD, Belagaje RM (Jan 1998). "Group III human metabotropic glutamate receptors 4, 7 and 8: molecular cloning, functional expression, and comparison of pharmacological properties in RGT cells". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 53 (1–2): 88–97. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00277-5. PMID9473604.
^Chaudhari N, Landin AM, Roper SD (Feb 2000). "A metabotropic glutamate receptor variant functions as a taste receptor". Nature Neuroscience. 3 (2): 113–9. doi:10.1038/72053. PMID10649565. S2CID16650588.
^Fazio F, Lionetto L, Molinaro G, Bertrand HO, Acher F, Ngomba RT, Notartomaso S, Curini M, Rosati O, Scarselli P, Di Marco R, Battaglia G, Bruno V, Simmaco M, Pin JP, Nicoletti F, Goudet C (May 2012). "Cinnabarinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, activates type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors". Molecular Pharmacology. 81 (5): 643–56. doi:10.1124/mol.111.074765. PMID22311707. S2CID6735807.
^Wierońska JM, Stachowicz K, Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Acher F, Brański P, Pilc A (Dec 2010). "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 novel agonist LSP1-2111 with anxiolytic, but not antidepressant-like activity, mediated by serotonergic and GABAergic systems". Neuropharmacology. 59 (7–8): 627–34. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.08.008. PMID20713068. S2CID5171741.
^Hong SP, Liu KG, Ma G, Sabio M, Uberti MA, Bacolod MD, Peterson J, Zou ZZ, Robichaud AJ, Doller D (Jul 2011). "Tricyclic thiazolopyrazole derivatives as metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 positive allosteric modulators". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 54 (14): 5070–81. doi:10.1021/jm200290z. PMID21688779.
^Hopkins CR, Niswender CM, Lewis LM, Weaver CD, Lindsley CW (2010). "Discovery of a potent, selective and in vivo active mGluR4 positive allosteric modulator". Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program [Internet]. PMID21433377.
^Beqollari D, Kammermeier PJ (Jul 2008). "The mGlu(4) receptor allosteric modulator N-phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide acts as a direct agonist at mGlu(6) receptors". European Journal of Pharmacology. 589 (1–3): 49–52. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.054. PMID18593581.
Gomeza J, Mary S, Brabet I, Parmentier ML, Restituito S, Bockaert J, Pin JP (Oct 1996). "Coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 4 to G alpha 15, G alpha 16, and chimeric G alpha q/i proteins: characterization of new antagonists". Molecular Pharmacology. 50 (4): 923–30. PMID8863838.
Barbon A, Ferraboli S, Barlati S (2000). "Assignment of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor gene GRM4 to chromosome 6 band p21.3 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 88 (3–4): 210. doi:10.1159/000015551. PMID10828590. S2CID85055574.
Ohtsuki T, Toru M, Arinami T (Jun 2001). "Mutation screening of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4 (GRM4) gene in patients with schizophrenia". Psychiatric Genetics. 11 (2): 79–83. doi:10.1097/00041444-200106000-00004. PMID11525421. S2CID752064.