Cannabis Ruderalis

The 96th United States Congress began on January 3, 1979. There were 12 new senators (seven Democrats, five Republicans) and 77 new representatives (42 Democrats, 34 Republicans, one Conservative), as well as one new delegate (a Republican), at the start of the first session. Additionally, four senators (one Democrat, three Republicans) and seven representatives (four Democrats, three Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 96th Congress before it ended on January 3, 1981.

Senate[edit]

Took office January 3, 1979[edit]

State Image Senator Seniority Switched party Prior background Birth year Ref
Alabama Howell Heflin (D) 10th
(98th overall)
No
Open seat; replaced John Sparkman (D)
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama
U.S. Marine Corps Major
1921 [1]
Arkansas David Pryor (D) 1st
(89th overall)
No
Open seat; replaced Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D)
Governor of Arkansas
U.S. House of Representatives[a]
Arkansas House of Representatives
1934 [2]
Colorado William L. Armstrong (R) 4th
(92nd overall)
Yes
Defeated Floyd Haskell (D)
U.S. House of Representatives[b]
President of the Colorado Senate
Colorado House of Representatives
Colorado Army National Guard
1937 [3]
Iowa Roger Jepsen (R) 11th
(99th overall)
Yes
Defeated Dick Clark (D)
Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
Iowa Senate
Scott County Commission
U.S. Army Reserve Captain
1928 [4]
Maine William Cohen (R) 2nd
(90th overall)
Yes
Defeated William Hathaway (D)
U.S. House of Representatives[c]
Mayor of Bangor
1940 [5]
Massachusetts Paul Tsongas (D) 3rd
(91st overall)
Yes
Defeated Edward Brooke (R)
U.S. House of Representatives[d]
Middlesex County Commission
Lowell City Council
1941 [6]
Michigan Carl Levin (D) 8th
(96th overall)
Yes
Defeated Robert P. Griffin (R)
President of the Detroit City Council 1934 [7]
Nebraska J. James Exon (D) 7th
(95th overall)
Yes
Open seat; replaced Carl Curtis (R)
Governor of Nebraska
U.S. Army Signal Corps
1921 [8]
New Hampshire Gordon J. Humphrey (R) 12th
(100th overall)
Yes
Defeated Thomas J. McIntyre (D)
Professional pilot
U.S. Air Force
1940 [9]
New Jersey Bill Bradley (D) 9th
(97th overall)
Yes
Replaced Clifford P. Case (R), who lost renomination
Professional basketball player
Air Force Reserve Command
1943 [10]
Oklahoma David Boren (D) 6th
(94th overall)
Yes
Open seat; replaced Dewey F. Bartlett (R)
Governor of Oklahoma
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oklahoma Army National Guard
1941 [11]
South Dakota Larry Pressler (R) 5th
(93rd overall)
Yes
Open seat; replaced James Abourezk (D)
U.S. House of Representatives[e]
U.S. Army First Lieutenant
1942 [12]

Took office during the 96th Congress[edit]

State Image Senator Took office Switched party Prior background Birth year Ref
Maine George J. Mitchell (D) May 17, 1980 No
Appointed; replaced Edmund Muskie (D)
U.S. District Court Judge for Maine
U.S. Attorney for Maine
1933 [13]
New Hampshire Warren Rudman (R) December 29, 1980 Yes
Defeated John A. Durkin (D)
Attorney General of New Hampshire 1930 [14]
Florida Paula Hawkins (R) January 1, 1981 Yes
Replaced Richard Stone (D), who lost renomination
Florida Public Service Commission
Vice President of Air Florida
1927 [15]
Alabama Jeremiah Denton (R) January 2, 1981 Yes
Replaced Donald Stewart (D), who lost renomination
U.S. Navy Rear Admiral 1924 [16]

House of Representatives[edit]

Took office January 3, 1979[edit]

District Representative Switched party Prior background Birth year Ref
Alabama 7 Richard Shelby (D) No State Senator 1934 [17]
Arkansas 2 Ed Bethune (R) Yes Prosecutor 1935 [18]
Arkansas 4 Beryl Anthony Jr. (D) No Prosecutor 1938 [19]
California 3 Bob Matsui (D) No City Councillor 1941 [20]
California 4 Vic Fazio (D) No State Assemblyman 1942 [21]
California 14 Norman D. Shumway (R) Yes County Supervisor 1934 [22]
California 15 Tony Coelho (D) No Congressional staffer 1942 [23]
California 17 Chip Pashayan (R) Yes U.S. DHHS official 1941 [24]
California 18 Bill Thomas (R) No State Assemblyman 1941 [25]
California 28 Julian Dixon (D) No State Assemblyman 1934 [26]
California 33 Wayne R. Grisham (R) No Mayor of La Mirada 1923 [27]
California 34 Dan Lungren (R) Yes Lawyer 1946 [28]
California 37 Jerry Lewis (R) No State Assemblyman 1934 [29]
California 39 William E. Dannemeyer (R) No State Assemblyman 1929 [30]
Colorado 3 Ray Kogovsek (D) No State Senator 1941 [31]
Colorado 5 Ken Kramer (R) No State Representative 1942 [32]
Connecticut 5 William R. Ratchford (D) Yes State House Speaker 1934 [33]
Florida 1 Earl Hutto (D) No State Representative 1926 [34]
Florida 9 Bill Nelson (D) Yes State Representative 1942 [35]
Florida 11 Dan Mica (D) No Chief of staff 1944 [36]
Florida 12 Edward J. Stack (D) Yes County Sheriff 1910 [37]
Georgia 6 Newt Gingrich (R) Yes Professor 1943 [38]
Illinois 1 Bennett Stewart (D) No City Councillor 1912 [39]
Illinois 22 Dan Crane (R) Yes Dentist 1936 [40]
Indiana 8 H. Joel Deckard (R) Yes State Representative 1942 [41]
Iowa 2 Tom Tauke (R) Yes State Representative 1950 [42]
Kansas 2 James Edmund Jeffries (R) Yes Corporate director 1925 [43]
Kansas 5 Bob Whittaker (R) No State Representative 1939 [44]
Kentucky 6 Larry J. Hopkins (R) Yes State Senator 1933 [45]
Louisiana 4 Buddy Leach (D) No State Representative 1934 [46]
Maine 2 Olympia Snowe (R) No State Senator 1947 [47]
Maryland 6 Beverly Byron (D) No Political organizer 1932 [48]
Maryland 8 Michael D. Barnes (D) Yes Public Service Commissioner 1943 [49]
Massachusetts 5 James Shannon (D) No Congressional aide 1952 [50]
Massachusetts 6 Nicholas Mavroules (D) No Mayor of Peabody 1929 [51]
Massachusetts 11 Brian J. Donnelly (D) No State Representative 1946 [52]
Michigan 3 Howard Wolpe (D) Yes State Representative 1939 [53]
Michigan 10 Donald J. Albosta (D) Yes State Representative 1925 [54]
Michigan 11 Robert William Davis (R) No State Senator 1932 [55]
Minnesota 1 Arlen Erdahl (R) No Minnesota Secretary of State 1931 [56]
Minnesota 5 Martin Olav Sabo (DFL) No State House Speaker 1938 [57]
Mississippi 4 Jon Hinson (R) No Congressional aide 1942 [58]
Montana 1 Pat Williams (D) No State Representative 1937 [59]
Nebraska 1 Doug Bereuter (R) No State Senator 1939 [60]
New Jersey 13 Jim Courter (R) Yes Lawyer 1941 [61]
New Jersey 14 Frank Joseph Guarini (D) No State Senator 1924 [62]
New York 1 William Carney (C) Yes[f] County Legislator 1942 [63]
New York 9 Geraldine Ferraro (D) No Lawyer 1935 [64]
New York 23 Peter A. Peyser (D) Yes U.S. Representative[g] 1921 [65]
New York 29 Gerald Solomon (R) Yes State Assemblyman 1930 [66]
New York 33 Gary A. Lee (R) No State Assemblyman 1933 [67]
Ohio 3 Tony P. Hall (D) Yes State Senator 1942 [68]
Ohio 19 Lyle Williams (R) Yes County Commissioner 1942 [69]
Oklahoma 2 Mike Synar (D) No Real estate broker 1950 [70]
Pennsylvania 2 William H. Gray III (D) No Minister 1941 [71]
Pennsylvania 4 Charles F. Dougherty (R) Yes State Senator 1937 [72]
Pennsylvania 15 Donald L. Ritter (R) Yes Metallurgical engineer 1940 [73]
Pennsylvania 21 Donald A. Bailey (D) No Lawyer 1945 [74]
Pennsylvania 23 William Clinger (R) Yes Lawyer 1929 [75]
Pennsylvania 25 Eugene Atkinson (D) Yes[h] County Commissioner 1927 [76]
South Carolina 4 Carroll A. Campbell Jr. (R) Yes State Senator 1940 [77]
South Dakota 1 Tom Daschle (D) No Congressional aide 1947 [78]
Tennessee 5 Bill Boner (D) No State Senator 1945 [79]
Texas 6 Phil Gramm (D) No Professor 1942 [80]
Texas 11 Marvin Leath (D) No Businessman 1931 [81]
Texas 14 Joseph P. Wyatt Jr. (D) No State Representative 1941 [82]
Texas 17 Charles Stenholm (D) No Business executive 1938 [83]
Texas 18 Mickey Leland (D) No State Representative 1944 [84]
Texas 19 Kent Hance (D) No State Senator 1942 [85]
Texas 21 Tom Loeffler (R) Yes Assistant to President Gerald Ford 1946 [86]
Texas 22 Ron Paul (R) Yes U.S. Representative[i] 1935 [87]
Texas 24 Martin Frost (D) No Lawyer 1942 [88]
Washington 2 Al Swift (D) No Broadcaster 1935 [89]
Washington 7 Mike Lowry (D) Yes County Councilor 1939 [90]
Wisconsin 8 Toby Roth (R) Yes State Assemblyman 1938 [91]
Wisconsin 9 Jim Sensenbrenner (R) No State Senator 1943 [92]
Wyoming at-large Dick Cheney (R) Yes White House Chief of Staff 1941 [93]

Non-voting members[edit]

District Delegate Switched party Prior background Birth year Ref
U.S. Virgin Islands at-large Melvin H. Evans (R) Yes Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands 1917 [94]

Took office during the 96th Congress[edit]

District Representative Took office Switched party Prior background Birth year Ref
California 11 William Royer (R) April 3, 1979 Yes County Supervisor 1920 [95]
Wisconsin 6 Tom Petri (R) April 3, 1979 No State Senator 1940 [96]
Illinois 10 John Porter (R) January 22, 1980 Yes State Representative 1935 [97]
Pennsylvania 11 Ray Musto (D) September 9, 1980 No State Representative 1929 [98]
Louisiana 3 Billy Tauzin (D) May 22, 1980 Yes[j] State Representative 1943 [99]
West Virginia 3 John G. Hutchinson (D) June 30, 1980 No Mayor of Charleston 1935 [100]
Michigan 13 George Crockett Jr. (D) November 4, 1980 No Jurist 1909 [101]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Elected to the 89th Congress, serving from 1966 to 1973 in Arkansas's 4th district.
  2. ^ Elected to the 93rd Congress, serving from 1973 to 1979 in Colorado's 5th district.
  3. ^ Elected to the 93rd Congress, serving from 1973 to 1979 in Maine's 2nd district.
  4. ^ Elected to the 94th Congress, serving from 1975 to 1979 in Massachusetts's 5th district.
  5. ^ Elected to the 94th Congress, serving from 1975 to 1979 in South Dakota's 1st district.
  6. ^ Carney joined the Republican Party in October 1985, during the 99th Congress.
  7. ^ Previously elected to the 92nd Congress, serving from 1971 to 1977.
  8. ^ Atkinson joined the Republican Party in October 1981, during the 97th Congress.
  9. ^ Previously elected to the 94th Congress, serving from 1976 to 1977.
  10. ^ Tauzin joined the Republican Party in August 1995, during the 104th Congress.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "HEFLIN, Howell Thomas". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  2. ^ "PRYOR, David Hampton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  3. ^ "ARMSTRONG, William Lester". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  4. ^ "JEPSEN, Roger William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  5. ^ "COHEN, William Sebastian". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  6. ^ "TSONGAS, Paul Efthemios". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  7. ^ "LEVIN, Carl". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  8. ^ "EXON, J. James". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  9. ^ "HUMPHREY, Gordon John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  10. ^ "BRADLEY, William Warren (Bill)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  11. ^ "BOREN, David Lyle". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  12. ^ "PRESSLER, Larry Lee". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  13. ^ "MITCHELL, George John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  14. ^ "MITCHELL, George John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  15. ^ "HAWKINS, Paula". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  16. ^ "DENTON, Jeremiah Andrew, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  17. ^ "SHELBY, Richard C." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  18. ^ "BETHUNE, Edwin Ruthvin, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  19. ^ "ANTHONY, Beryl Franklin, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  20. ^ "MATSUI, Robert T." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  21. ^ "FAZIO, Victor Herbert, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  22. ^ "SHUMWAY, Norman David". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  23. ^ "COELHO, Tony". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  24. ^ "PASHAYAN, Charles, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  25. ^ "THOMAS, William Marshall". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  26. ^ "DIXON, Julian Carey". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  27. ^ "GRISHAM, Wayne Richard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  28. ^ "LUNGREN, Daniel Edward". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  29. ^ "LEWIS, Charles Jeremy (Jerry)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  30. ^ "DANNEMEYER, William Edwin". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  31. ^ "KOGOVSEK, Raymond Peter". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  32. ^ "KRAMER, Kenneth Bentley". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  33. ^ "RATCHFORD, William Richard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  34. ^ "HUTTO, Earl Dewitt". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  35. ^ "NELSON, Clarence William (Bill)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  36. ^ "MICA, Daniel Andrew". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  37. ^ "STACK, Edward John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  38. ^ "GINGRICH, Newton Leroy". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  39. ^ "STEWART, Bennett McVey". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  40. ^ "CRANE, Daniel Bever". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  41. ^ "DECKARD, Huey Joel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  42. ^ "TAUKE, Thomas Joseph". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  43. ^ "JEFFRIES, James Edmund". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  44. ^ "WHITTAKER, Robert Russell". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  45. ^ "HOPKINS, Larry Jones". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  46. ^ "LEACH, Anthony Claude (Buddy), Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  47. ^ "BYRON, Beverly Barton Butcher". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  48. ^ "BYRON, Beverly Barton Butcher". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  49. ^ "SHANNON, James Michael". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  50. ^ "SHANNON, James Michael". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  51. ^ "MAVROULES, Nicholas James". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  52. ^ "WOLPE, Howard Eliot, III". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  53. ^ "WOLPE, Howard Eliot, III". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  54. ^ "ALBOSTA, Donald Joseph". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  55. ^ "DAVIS, Robert William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  56. ^ "ERDAHL, Arlen Ingolf". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  57. ^ "SABO, Martin Olav". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  58. ^ "HINSON, Jon Clifton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  59. ^ "WILLIAMS, John Patrick". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  60. ^ "BEREUTER, Douglas Kent". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  61. ^ "COURTER, James Andrew". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  62. ^ "GUARINI, Frank Joseph, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  63. ^ "CARNEY, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  64. ^ "FERRARO, Geraldine Anne". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  65. ^ "PEYSER, Peter A." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  66. ^ "SOLOMON, Gerald Brooks Hunt". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  67. ^ "LEE, Gary Alcide". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  68. ^ "HALL, Tony Patrick". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  69. ^ "WILLIAMS, Lyle". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  70. ^ "SYNAR, Michael Lynn". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  71. ^ "GRAY, William Herbert, III". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  72. ^ "DOUGHERTY, Charles Francis". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  73. ^ "RITTER, Donald Lawrence". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  74. ^ "BAILEY, Donald Allen". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  75. ^ "CLINGER, William Floyd, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  76. ^ "ATKINSON, Eugene Vincent". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  77. ^ "CAMPBELL, Carroll Ashmore, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  78. ^ "DASCHLE, Thomas Andrew". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  79. ^ "BONER, William Hill". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  80. ^ "GRAMM, William Philip (Phil)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  81. ^ "LEATH, James Marvin". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  82. ^ "WYATT, Joseph Peyton, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  83. ^ "STENHOLM, Charles Walter". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  84. ^ "LELAND, George Thomas (Mickey)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  85. ^ "HANCE, Kent Ronald". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  86. ^ "LOEFFLER, Thomas Gilbert". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  87. ^ "PAUL, Ronald Ernest". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  88. ^ "SWIFT, Allan Byron". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  89. ^ "SWIFT, Allan Byron". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  90. ^ "LOWRY, Michael Edward". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  91. ^ "ROTH, Toby A." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  92. ^ "SENSENBRENNER, Frank James, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  93. ^ "CHENEY, Richard Bruce". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  94. ^ "EVANS, Melvin Herbert". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  95. ^ "ROYER, William Howard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  96. ^ "PETRI, Thomas Evert". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  97. ^ "PORTER, John Edward". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  98. ^ "MUSTO, Raphael John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  99. ^ "TAUZIN, Wilbert Joseph (Billy)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  100. ^ "HUTCHINSON, John Guiher". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  101. ^ "CROCKETT, George William, Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Preceded by New members of the 96th Congress
1979–1981
Succeeded by

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