Armenians in the Ottoman Empire include:
- Abraham Pasha, civil servant and diplomat
- Güllü Agop, actor, founder of modern Turkish theatre
- Aram Andonian, journalist
- Arpiar Arpiarian, writer
- Krikor Balakian, bishop
- Balyan family, architects
- Hagop Baronian, writer, satirist
- Nazaret Daghavarian, doctor
- Ohan Demirgian, diplomat
- Armen Dorian, poet, teacher, editor
- Tatyos Efendi, composer, violinist
- Erukhan, writer
- Calouste Gulbenkian, businessman, philanthropist
- Bedros Kapamajian, mayor of Van (assassinated by Dashnaks)
- Verkine Karakaschian (1856–1933), actress and soprano
- Yeranuhi Karakashian (1848–1924), actress
- Varaztad Kazanjian, prominent oral and maxillofacial surgeon
- Hagop Kazazian Pasha, minister of finance
- Diran Kelekian, journalist, professor
- Mkrtich Khrimian, religious leader, writer
- Mekhitar of Sebaste, scholar, theologian
- Mıgırdiç Mıgıryan, athlete (participated in the 1912 Olympics)
- Yervant Odian, writer, satirist
- Vahram Papazian, actor
- Vahram Papazyan (athlete), athlete (participated in the 1912 Olympics)
- Vartan Pasha, statesman, author
- Karekin Pastermadjian, aka Armen Garo, political activist
- Krikor Peshtimaldjian, philosopher, translator and linguist
- Ruben Sevak, writer
- Levon Shant, playwright, writer
- Siamanto, writer
- Papken Siuni, political activist
- Bîmen Şen, composer
- Koharik Şirinyan (1860 – ?), stage actress and soprano
- Bedros Tourian, poet
- Komitas Vardapet, musician
- Daniel Varujan, poet
- Rupen Zartarian, writer, educator
- Krikor Zohrab, statesman, author