Khartoum is the capital city of Sudan. The term may also refer to:
- Khartoum State, Sudan
- Khartoum North (al-Khartūm Bahrī), a city close to, but distinct from, Khartoum in central Sudan
- The Siege of Khartoum, a battle between Egyptian and Sudanese forces in 1885
- Khartoum (film), a 1966 film about this event starring Charlton Heston and Laurence Olivier
- Khartum, a ghost town along Highway 41 in Greater Madawaska, Ontario, Canada
- Khartoum Resolution of September 1, 1967, formed the basis of Arab policy toward Israel and in which the Arab states declared: "No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel"
- Khartoum League, a historical football championship in Sudan
- Khartoum gerbil Dipodillus stigmonyx, a gerbil found mainly in Sudan
- Khartoum (album) and Khartoum Variations albums by Texan musician Jandek
- The Aladdin character
- In the movie, The Godfather, Khartoum was a champion racehorse owned by movie producer Jack Woltz. His name might be based on the Sudanese capital city, Khartoum.