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==History==
==History==
[[Image:Whale tail display.jpg|thumb|Whale tails were a common fashion in the mid 2000s]]
The increased popularity of low-rise jeans led to increased exposure of the whale tails in the early 2000s.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion'', page 318, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, ISBN 0684313944</ref> [[The Oregonian]], a [[Portland, Oregon]], newspaper, wrote in 2004 that whale tails had become a distraction on the campus.<ref>Tom Quinn, ''Updated Dress Code Addresses New Styles'', [[The Oregonian]], page 1, 24 June 2004:"Another distraction occurs when pants ride low in the back and expose thong underwear, a phenomenon students have dubbed whales' tails... If you a 16-year-old boy in an English class, and you’ve got three whales' tails in front of you, it’s pretty hard to concentrate on verbs."</ref> Social commentator Ann C. Hall identified this campus trend as an "apparent intersections between everyday campus fashion and soft porn".<ref name=POP/> The layered clothing trend of the early 2000s is led by the whale tail style that incorporates hip-hugger jeans, [[crop top]]s and high riding [[Thong (clothing)|thongs]] popularized by [[Britney Spears]] and [[Anna Kournikova]].<ref name=AllEx>{{cite web |url=http://en.allexperts.com/e/0/2000s.htm |title=2000s |accessdate=2008-08-06 |work=Encyclopedia |publisher=AllExperts}}</ref> By the mid 2000s, whale tails became common to celebrities, providing opportunities to the [[papparazzi]].<ref>Lindsay Clydesdale, [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/comment/columnists/lifestyle-columnists/lyndsay-clydesdale/2008/02/06/so-thong-and-thanks-for-nothing-86908-20310511/ So Thong, And Thanks For Nothing], ''Daily Records'', 2008-02-06</ref><ref>Websites like the [http://whaletailworld.com/top-13-hottest-celebrity-whaletails/ Whale tail World] listed out their own version of top celebrity whale tails</ref> In [[France]] clothing brands started creating the thong or ''le string'' in styles that encourages a projection above low-hung jeans, like designs that has little jewels or luminous stars sewn into the rear.<ref>John Lichfield, [http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/our-man-in-paris-thongs-of-innocence-and-experience-583323.html Our Man In Paris: Thongs of innocence and experience], ''The Independent'', 2003-10-14</ref>
The increased popularity of low-rise jeans led to increased exposure of the whale tails in the early 2000s.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion'', page 318, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, ISBN 0684313944</ref> [[The Oregonian]], a [[Portland, Oregon]], newspaper, wrote in 2004 that whale tails had become a distraction on the campus.<ref>Tom Quinn, ''Updated Dress Code Addresses New Styles'', [[The Oregonian]], page 1, 24 June 2004:"Another distraction occurs when pants ride low in the back and expose thong underwear, a phenomenon students have dubbed whales' tails... If you a 16-year-old boy in an English class, and you’ve got three whales' tails in front of you, it’s pretty hard to concentrate on verbs."</ref> Social commentator Ann C. Hall identified this campus trend as an "apparent intersections between everyday campus fashion and soft porn".<ref name=POP/> The layered clothing trend of the early 2000s is led by the whale tail style that incorporates hip-hugger jeans, [[crop top]]s and high riding [[Thong (clothing)|thongs]] popularized by [[Britney Spears]] and [[Anna Kournikova]].<ref name=AllEx>{{cite web |url=http://en.allexperts.com/e/0/2000s.htm |title=2000s |accessdate=2008-08-06 |work=Encyclopedia |publisher=AllExperts}}</ref> By the mid 2000s, whale tails became common to celebrities, providing opportunities to the [[papparazzi]].<ref>Lindsay Clydesdale, [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/comment/columnists/lifestyle-columnists/lyndsay-clydesdale/2008/02/06/so-thong-and-thanks-for-nothing-86908-20310511/ So Thong, And Thanks For Nothing], ''Daily Records'', 2008-02-06</ref><ref>Websites like the [http://whaletailworld.com/top-13-hottest-celebrity-whaletails/ Whale tail World] listed out their own version of top celebrity whale tails</ref> In [[France]] clothing brands started creating the thong or ''le string'' in styles that encourages a projection above low-hung jeans, like designs that has little jewels or luminous stars sewn into the rear.<ref>John Lichfield, [http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/our-man-in-paris-thongs-of-innocence-and-experience-583323.html Our Man In Paris: Thongs of innocence and experience], ''The Independent'', 2003-10-14</ref>


Revision as of 10:00, 8 August 2008

Whale tail, thong exposed from top of low-rise jeans, along with a lower back tattoo

Whale tail is the Y-shaped waistband of a thong or g-string when visible above the waistline of low-rise jeans, shorts, or a skirt that resembles a whale's tail.[1][2][3] Intentionally or unintentionally, a whale tail is exposed above the trousers mostly when sitting or bending, or even whilst standing. The frequency or occasion depends on the style of trousers, the style of underwear, and the way they are worn.[4] Flashing whale tails became popular in the early 2000s, together with the rise of low-rise jeans and thong underwear. The trend, popularized by a number of celebrities including Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Mariah Carey, Melanie Blatt, Victoria Beckham, Paris Hilton, Jordan, and Anna Kournikova, waned within the decade.

Specially designed trousers like low-rise jeans or hip-huggers and higher cut thongs lead to greater exposure of the whale tail.[1][4][5] The trend was also associated with the trend of sporting lower back tattoos.[6] The word was selected by the American Dialect Society in January 2006 as the "most creative word" of 2005. Specially designed rear spoilers for Porsche 911 and other automobiles are also known as whale tails, as well as the tip a certain kind of blood vessel. A closely related exposure of underwear is when it is seen through the clothing, which is called a visible panty line (VPL).[4]

History

The increased popularity of low-rise jeans led to increased exposure of the whale tails in the early 2000s.[7] The Oregonian, a Portland, Oregon, newspaper, wrote in 2004 that whale tails had become a distraction on the campus.[8] Social commentator Ann C. Hall identified this campus trend as an "apparent intersections between everyday campus fashion and soft porn".[6] The layered clothing trend of the early 2000s is led by the whale tail style that incorporates hip-hugger jeans, crop tops and high riding thongs popularized by Britney Spears and Anna Kournikova.[9] By the mid 2000s, whale tails became common to celebrities, providing opportunities to the papparazzi.[10][11] In France clothing brands started creating the thong or le string in styles that encourages a projection above low-hung jeans, like designs that has little jewels or luminous stars sewn into the rear.[12]

Attributing whale tails to mainstreaming of the sexualization of young women, The Press Democrat termed the trend as "stripper chic".[13][14] Post-modern thinker Yasmin Jiwani and co-writers described the trend in Girlhood: Redefining the Limits described it as as an attempt to redefine girlhood while acknowledging the debate around it. The book termed the trend as the "Slut" look popularized by Britney Spears.[15][16] Some experts even dubbed whale tail flashing as "thong feminism" for young girls.[17][18] Other experts accused marketers of "outrageous selling of sex to children".[19]

By the end of the decade whale tails suffered a backlash. Trinny Woodall, presenter of BBC1's What Not to Wear, described women who wore thongs showing above their trousers as "disgusting".[20] Jessica Kaminsky wrote in I Hate the Gym, a lifestyle commentary, "I hate when girls let their "whale tails" creep out of their pants."[21] In 2007, religious writer Tamie Bixler Lung wrote, "There is something wrong when Christian guys and girls want to run around with their underwear hanging out the top of their pants, or their thong strap sticking out the back of their low-rise jeans."[22] In 2008, model and reality TV star Jodie Marsh said, "Showing your thong is a bit old now."[20]

The trend of wearing whale tail-revealing jeans started to dissipate in the late 2000s when American clothing designers started shifting focus from low-slung jeans and exposed midriffs to high-waisted trousers and cardigans.[23] Cartner-Morley claimed that the whale tail and the muffin top, "twin crimes of modern fashion", had led to the decline in the popularity of hipster jeans.[24] She quoted Louise Hunn, editor of the British edition of InStyle, as saying — "When a look goes too mainstream, people start wearing it badly. And then the really fashionable people run a mile".[25] While the thong still represented 24% of the US$2.5 billion annual market in women's underwear, it stopped growing by end of 2004.[23] By 2007, thongs were overtaken by boyshorts and accounted for only 12% of the knickers market.[20] Some vendors, including Victoria's Secret and DKNY, started selling thongs that do not result in whale tails.[26][27][28][29] Adam Lippes, founder of the lingerie line Adam + Eve, said, "Women got tired of it. And they got sick and tired of seeing string hanging out of the top of every celebrity's jeans."[23]

Legal debate

In 2004, Louisiana, USA State Representative Derrick Shepherd proposed a bill (HB1626), also known as the Baggy Pants Bill to Louisiana House of Representatives. The bill proposed that "it shall be unlawful for any person to appear in public wearing his pants below his waist and thereby exposing his skin or intimate clothing" and violators would be subjected to three eight-hour days of community service and a fine of up to $175.[30] The measure died in the face of opposition from the American Civil Liberties Union.[31] The bill was proposed again in 2008 and was rejected by a state Senate panel.[31] In two Louisiana towns, Delcambre (a fine of $615 or up to six months in jail) and Opelousas, wearing low slung pants that reveal buttock cleavage or undergarments is considered a misdemeanor and carries a maximum penalty of a $500 fine and up to 6 months in prison.[30][32][33] Underpants revealing garments were banned in four other Louisiana towns including Alexandria and Shreveport (fines of $150 or 15 days in jail), as well as Hawkinsville, Georgia.[32][34]

In February 2005, the Senate Courts of Justice Committee of Virginia, USA voted unanimously in a hastily convened meeting against a bill proposed by Delegate Algie T. Howell Jr. (Norfolk, Virginia) to impose a $50 fine on people who publicly and intentionally "wears and displays his below-waist undergarments, intended to cover a person's intimate parts, in a lewd or indecent manner" in a public place.[35] The bill (HB1981), also known as the Droopy Drawers Bill, was earlier passed by Virginia House of Delegates by a 60-34 vote.[36][37] Atlanta, Georgia, Dallas, Texas, Baltimore, Maryland, Charlotte, North Carolina, Yonkers, New York, Duncan, Oklahoma, Natchitoches, Louisiana, Stratford, Connecticut, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and Trenton and Pleasantville of New Jersey, as well as three other Georgia towns including Rome Brunswick and Plains had seen attampts to ban underwear peeking over the pants.[34] School dress codes sometimes also banned pants of too low a rise, or visible underwear.[38][39][40]

In the mainstream

The whale tail went mainstream when, in early 2000s, a Gucci model revealed one on the catwalk, Melanie Blatt of All Saints was photographed flashing her thong as she got out of a taxi, and Victoria Beckham suggested that her husband enjoyed wearing her G-strings around the home.[20] In 17 September 2004, Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera regularly were photographed with thong straps riding high above their low-rise jeans. Gillian Anderson deliberately made sure her thong's "whale tail" was visible when she wore a backless couture gown at a party four years ago. And even usually tasteful Halle Berry succumbed to the thong craze by attending an awards show with bejeweled thong straps peaking out from above her miniskirt."[41]

Jess Cartner-Morley, fashion writer of The Guardian, claimed that following pop stars in the hipster trousers gave rise to the "low-slung jeans, whale-tail G-string era".[42] One conjecture assumes that the style of exposed thong may have "bubbled-up" from the street level to the high streets, like the jeans and t-shirt look of James Dean.[43] Another assumes the fad was initiated by glamor model Jordan in England and singers Mariah Carey and Spears in the United States.[44]

The phenomenon has been compared to the phenomenon of visible bra straps.[45][46] Saying — "Just as Madonna made bras a public garment in the 1980s, Ms. Lewinsky, Britney Spears and Paris Hilton transformed women's panties into a provocative garment intended for public display" — the New York Times claimed that the thong, with straps worn high over the hips and exposed by fashionable low-rise jeans and "Juicy Couture" sweat pants, had become a public icon.[23]

R&B artist Sisqó rhapsodized about whale tails in his "Thong Song"[23] — "I like it when the beat goes da na da na/Baby make your booty go da na da na/Girl I know you wanna show da na da na/That thong th thong thong thong." Indian model Shefali Zariwala flashed a whale tail in the MTV Immies-winning music video "Kaanta Lagaa" and shot to fame and public debate in 2003.[47][48] Pornographic film director Mike Metropolis made three films based on whale tails — Whale Tail (2005), Whale Tail I (2005) and Whale Tail II (2006) — with Mark Ashley in the lead.[49]

Word of the Year

Tail of a whale, the inspiration behind the coinage. It is also called a fluke, in whole or as one of the lobes.[50][51] Cetaceans, or whales, dolphins and porpoises, lost their feet and evolved to have the flukes when they returned to the sea in the Eocene epoch.[52][53][54][55] Studies in locomotion shows that the flukes are used to generate forward motion, while the flippers are used to take banked turns.[56][57] The tail is also used to slap the prey of the whale.[58]

The word was selected by the American Dialect Society (a group of linguists, editors, and academics) in January 2006 as the "most creative word" of 2005, winning by 44 votes. The other nominations for the year were muffin top (meaning the bulge of flesh hanging over the top of low-rider jeans, 25 votes), flee-ancée (meaning runaway bride Jennifer Wilbanks, 15 votes), and pinosaur (meaning a very old Wollemi pine tree near Australia’s Blue Mountains, 6 votes).[59] It has been reported that Wayne Glowka, member of the Georgia College and State University faculty and head of the New Word Committee of the Dialect Society, was in favor of "muffin top" for the top-spot, while Grant Barrett, project editor of the Historical Dictionary of American Slang, was in favor of "whale tail", at the Society's 6 January 2006 conclave to decide the winners of the year in Albuquerque.[60]

While discussing these new coinages Sali Tagliamonte, associate professor of linguistics at the University of Toronto, observed that young women in North America were ahead of young men as influencers.[61] The use of the word to indicate an underwear phenomenon has shown up in serious mainstream news media,[62][63]sometimes in reference to the popstars who made the fashion trend popular.[64] Wayne Glowka, member of the Georgia College and State University faculty and head of the New Word Committee of the Dialect Society, said about the happening, "Language is just going on its merry way, creating many new words. It's time for men to win something."[65] Though the word is not included in major formal dictionaries, web-based user-generated dictionaries like the Urban Dictionary (which provides "pull me thong" as an alternative term for whale tail[66]), the Double-Tongued Dictionary and the Wiktionary, has entries for the word.[67][68][69] The book compilation of Urban Dictionary describes the whale tail as "the shape formed when a G-string rides up high over a woman's pants or skirt".[70]

Porsche 911 rear spoilers

Original whale tail as introduced on the 1975 3.0 liter Porsche 930 turbo

An earlier use of the term whale tail dates back to August 1974, when the US version of the Porsche 911 Carrera debuted with large, flared, rear-end spoilers that were immediately dubbed whale tails[71][72][73]. Designed to keep the car from oversteering at high speeds,[74] the rubber-edges of the whale tail spoilers were thought to be "pedestrian friendly".[75] The Carrera, with its whale tail, became an instant hit[76] and one of the world's most recognized sports cars,[77] remaining in production for the next two decades in one form or another, with more than 23,000 sold by 1989.[78] The whale tail, a 911 trademark,[79] is also fitted to the Porsche Carrera GT.[80]

The Porsche 911 whale tails were often used in conjunction with a chin spoiler attached to the front valence panel, which, according to some sources, did not enhance aerodynamic stability.[81] It has been found to be less effective in multiplying downforce than newer technologies like an airfoil,[82] "rear wing running across the base of the tailgate window"[83] or "an electronically controlled wing that deploys at about 50 mph".[84]

History

duck tail on a 1973 Porsche 911 Carrera RS

The whale tail came on the heels of the 1972 "duck tail" or Bürzel in German (as a part of the E-program), a smaller and less flared rear-spoiler fitted to 911 Carrera RS ( meaning Rennsport or race sport in German), optional outside Germany.[71][73] Originally designed for Porsche 930 Turbo and Porsche 935 race cars in 1973, and introduced to the Turbo Carrera in 1974 (as a part of the H-program), it was fitted to the non-turbo Carrera series in 1975.[85][86] Both types of spoilers were designed while Dr. Ernst Fuhrmann was served as the Technical Director of Porsche AG.[87] In 1976, A rubber front chin spoiler was also introduced to offset the more effective spoiler.[72] By 1978, Porsche introduced another design for the whale tail, a large fiberglass enclosure bolted on the rear deck lid, which went to become the most popular version,[71] which was also introduced as an optional for the 911SC.[88] In 1984, when 80% of the Carrera was rehashed, the whale tails were redesigned to be a bit smaller and more subtle than the 1978 version.[89][71] In 1986, Porsche started producing whale tails as part of an one-piece rear, instead of welding it to the car.[78]

Spoilers on other vehicles

Whale tail on a Trike

These whale tail spoilers of Porsche 911 caught on as a fashion statement,[90] and the term has been used to refer to large rear spoilers on a number of automobiles including: Ford Sierra RS,[91] Focus,[92] Chevrolet Camaro,[93] and Saab 900.[94] Whale tail spoilers also appear at the rear of Tricycles,[95] trucks,[96] boats,[97] and other vehicles.

In bicycling terms, a style of saddles designed for Wilderness Trail Bikess (WTB) is sometimes called a whale tail,[98][99] as well as a certain array of LED blinker on bicycle helmets.[100] A whale tail is also one of two types of guide handles commonly used on power trowels, the other being a bicycle style handlebar.[101]

Other whale tails

Reverence, a 1989 sculpture created by Jim Sardonis on the side of Interstate highway I-89 between Exits 12 and 13, is popularly known as whale tails[102]

The most distal branch of the Left anterior descending (LAD), or the anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, at the apex is called a whale tail or a pitchfork.[103] The LAD traverses the anterior interventricular sulcus, giving rise to septal and diagonal branches before bifurcating distally and tapering out as whale tails.[104] A certain behavior of hysteretic magnetization curves in bulk superconductors is described as a whale tail profile, which differs qualitatively from a plane tail profile.[105]

A popular specialty license plate in California has been dubbed as a "whale tail license plate", as it features a the tail of a Pacific Humpback whale's tail painted in pale blue by artist Robert Wyland.[106][107] Three beaches in Destin, Florida, Puntarenas in Costa Rica, and Sandy Bay, Jamaica are named as Whale's Tail Beach for their shapes.

See also

External links

Footnotes and references

  1. ^ a b Reduplicatives on Celebrate Today
  2. ^ Maddox & Angelo Vildasol, The Alphabet of Manliness, page 147, Citadel Press, 2006, ISBN 080652720X
  3. ^ Michael Flocker, Death by PowerPoint: A Modern Office Survival Guide, Perseus Books Group, 2006, ISBN 0306815125
  4. ^ a b c Underwear exposed over trousers, Art of Dress Designing, Global Media, ISBN 8190457578
  5. ^ Leah Garchik, Daily Datebook, San Francisco Chronicle, page F8, 23 August 2004: A Hollister spy says the thong visible from the back of low-rise jeans is called a "whale tail."
  6. ^ a b Ann C. Hall & Mardia J. Bishop, Pop-porn: Pornography in American Culture, page 57, Praeger, 2007, ISBN 0275999203
  7. ^ Valerie Steele, Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion, page 318, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, ISBN 0684313944
  8. ^ Tom Quinn, Updated Dress Code Addresses New Styles, The Oregonian, page 1, 24 June 2004:"Another distraction occurs when pants ride low in the back and expose thong underwear, a phenomenon students have dubbed whales' tails... If you a 16-year-old boy in an English class, and you’ve got three whales' tails in front of you, it’s pretty hard to concentrate on verbs."
  9. ^ "2000s". Encyclopedia. AllExperts. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  10. ^ Lindsay Clydesdale, So Thong, And Thanks For Nothing, Daily Records, 2008-02-06
  11. ^ Websites like the Whale tail World listed out their own version of top celebrity whale tails
  12. ^ John Lichfield, Our Man In Paris: Thongs of innocence and experience, The Independent, 2003-10-14
  13. ^ Rayne Wolfe on the Press Democrat
  14. ^ Petaluma Anisa Thomsen on the Press Democrat
  15. ^ Yasmin Jiwani, Candis Steenbergen & Claudia Mitchell, Girlhood: Redefining the Limits, page 173, Black Rose Books, 2006, ISBN 155164276X
  16. ^ "This style has sparked heated debates across the country, as parents negotiate their daughter's skin quotient and students debate their comfort level with the visible thong over fries and gravy at lunch." (from Girlhood: Redefining the Limits)
  17. ^ Adeline Marie Masquelier, Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface, page 27, American Anthropological Association Meeting, Indiana University Press, 2005, ISBN 0253217830
  18. ^ "A rebellion against parents and other adults who seem to have forgotten their own fling with hot pants and the no-bra look." (from Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface)
  19. ^ Laura J. Buddenberg & Kathleen M. McGee, Who's Raising Your Child?, page 61-63, Boys Town Press, 2004, ISBN 1889322598
  20. ^ a b c d Liz Hull, So long to the thong as women reject the chav look for big pants, The Daily Mail, 2008-02-05 Cite error: The named reference "DMail" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  21. ^ Jessica Kaminsky, I Hate the Gym, page 33, Simon Spotlight Entertainment, ISBN 0689873697
  22. ^ Tamie Bixler Lung, Clean Up on Aisle Me: Lifeskills 101, page 54, Authorhouse, 2007, ISBN 1425978975
  23. ^ a b c d e Alex Kczynski, Now You See It, Now You Don't, Fashion & Style, New York Times, 2004-09-12
  24. ^ Jess Cartner-Morley, Hang up your hipsters, The Guardian, 2005-03-25
  25. ^ Jess Cartner-Morley, No time to waist, Sidney Morning Herald
  26. ^ Less Than a Thong, More Than Commando: A Strapless G-String, Asylum, Retrieved: 2008-07-30
  27. ^ Backless underwear?, Style Dash, Retrieved: 2008-07-30
  28. ^ Lace-trim low-rise thong, Victoria's Secret, Retrieved: 2008-07-30
  29. ^ DKNY 3-Pack Low-Rise Cotton With Lace Thongs, Amazon, Retrieved: 2008-07-30
  30. ^ a b Bethany Thomas, Memo to Britney: Lose the low-slungs, MSNBC, 2004-05-13
  31. ^ a b Baggy Pants Bill Blocked in Louisiana, Fox News, 2008-02-22
  32. ^ a b No more low-slung pants in Alexandria, France24, 2007-08-30
  33. ^ Fancy pants just not hip in Atlanta, Herald Sun (Australia), 2007-08-30
  34. ^ a b Laura parker, Is It a Crime to Wear Baggy Pants?, ABC News, 2007-09-15
  35. ^ Tara Bahrampour, A Brief Matter of Style, Washington Post, 2005-02-11
  36. ^ Virginia OKs Fine for Low-Rider Pants, Fox News, 2005-02-09
  37. ^ Pete Dybdahl, Don't get caught with your pants down, Ranaoke, 2005-02-10
  38. ^ Bowen, Jon (1999-03-08). "Thong Wars". Ivory Towers. Salon. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  39. ^ Lyons, Jessica (2001-09-27). "Armed with high ideals, Joseph Pawlick enforces a mandate for change at Salinas High--whether teachers, students and parents want it or not". Monterey County Weekly. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  40. ^ Mary, Spicuzza (2000-14-20). "Panty Ranting". Papers. MetroActive. Retrieved 2008-07-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Kim, Jae-Ha (2004-09-17). "Good riddance: The tail end of the thong's popularity is in sight". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  42. ^ Jess Cartner-Morley, One-piece in our time, The Guardian, 2008-02-16
  43. ^ Tim Jackson & David Shaw, The Fashion Handbook, page 26, Routledge, 2006, ISBN 0415255805
  44. ^ Valerie Steele, Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion, page 121, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, ISBN 0684313944
  45. ^ Gross anatomy: Girls, TimeOut NewYork
  46. ^ Farewell to fashion faux pas of summer, Star Tribune
  47. ^ Kalpana Sharma, Pssst! It's showing!, Times of India, 2007-07-14
  48. ^ Sexy doesn't do it anymore, Times of India, 2007-02-05
  49. ^ Please use a more specific IMDb template. See the documentation for available templates.
  50. ^ Chrysti M Smith, Verbivore's Feast: A Banquet of Word & Phrase Origins, page 125, Farcountry Press, 2003, ISBN 1560372656
  51. ^ Eric Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, page 217, Routledge, 1966, ISBN 0415050774
  52. ^ Philip D. Gingerich, S. Mahmood Raza, Muhammad Arif, Mohammad Anwar & Xiaoyuan Zhou, New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming], Nature, 1994-04-28
  53. ^ John Noble Wilford, How the Whale Lost Its Legs And Returned To the Sea, NY Times, 1994-05-03
  54. ^ Philip D. Gingerich, Land-to-sea transition in early whales, Paleobiology, 2003-09-01
  55. ^ Richard Monastersky, Fossil whale feet, Science News, 1994-01-15
  56. ^ R. K. Edel & H. E. Winn, Observations on underwater locomotion, Marine Biology, 2004-12-11
  57. ^ F.E. Fish, J.E. Peacock & J.J. Rohr, Stabilization mechanism in swimming odontocete cetaceans by phased movements, Marine Mammal Science, 2006-08-26
  58. ^ Paolo Domenici, Robert S. Batty, Tiu Similä & Erick Ogam, Killer whales feeding on schooling herring using underwater tail-slaps, Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999-12-22
  59. ^ "Words of the Year 2005" (PDF). American Dialect Society. 2006-01-06.
  60. ^ Amy S. Rosenberg, '05's heckuva word, Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 January 2006
  61. ^ John Harlow, Hey exogals, girl talk is the future of English, The Sunday Times, January 8, 2006
  62. ^ "Showbiz Tonight". CNN transcripts. CNN. 2006-01-16. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  63. ^ "The Situation Room". CNN transcripts. CNN. 2006-01-16. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  64. ^ "Newsroom". CNN transcripts. CNN. 2007-02-17. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  65. ^ Marsh Mercer, Word of year might be something manly, Seattle Pi, January 3, 2007
  66. ^ Pull me thong, Urban Dictionary, Retrieved: 2008-07-29
  67. ^ Whale tail in the Double-Tongued Dictionary, Retrieved: 2008-07-29
  68. ^ Whale tail in the Urban Dictionary
  69. ^ Whale tail in the Wiktionary, Retrieved: 2008-07-29
  70. ^ Aaron Peckham, Mo' Urban Dictionary: Ridonkulous Street Slang Defined, page 225, Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2007, ISBN 0740768751
  71. ^ a b c d Wayne R. Dempsey, 101 Projects for Your Porsche 911, Page 198, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 2001, ISBN 0760308535]
  72. ^ a b Bruce Anderson, Porsche 911 Performance Handbook, page 16, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 1997, ISBN 076030033X
  73. ^ a b Peter Morgan, John Colley & Mark Hughes, Original Porsche 911: The Guide to All Production Models, 1963-98, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 1998, ISBN 1901432165
  74. ^ Albert L. Lewis & Walter A. Musciano, Automobiles of the World, page 660, Simon and Schuster, 1977, ISBN 0671224859
  75. ^ Patrick Paternie, Porsche 911 Red Book 1965-2005: 1965-2005, page 45, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 2005, ISBN 076031960X
  76. ^ Scott Faragher, Porsche the Ultimate Guide page 50, Krause Publications, 2005, ISBN 0873497201
  77. ^ Patrick Paternie, Porsche 911 Red Book 1965-2005: 1965-2005, Preface, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 2005, ISBN 076031960X
  78. ^ a b Bruce Anderson, Porsche 911 Performance Handbook, page 16, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 1997, ISBN 076030033X
  79. ^ Brian Laban, The Complete Porsche: A Model-By-Model History, Motorbooks Intl, 2003, ISBN 0760316805
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whale_tail&diff=230582964&oldid=230529533

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