Walt Disney World Monorail System
Overview
Locale	Walt Disney World
Transit type	Straddle-beam monorail
Number of lines	3
Number of stations	6
Daily ridership	150,000
Operation
Began operation	October 1 1971
Operator(s)	Walt Disney World
Technical
System length	14.7 miles[1]

The Walt Disney World Monorail System is a public transit system in operation around Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.

One of the most famous symbols of Walt Disney World, the original Mark IV monorail was designed in California and assembled in Florida by the Martin Marietta Corporation. The new Mark VI monorails were built by Bombardier and the first of the twelve new trains (Monorail Blue) arrived to Disney property on June 8, 1989 and was installed shortly after.^[2] The Walt Disney World Resort is currently operating twelve Mark VI trains.^[2]

Lines and stations

The Walt Disney World Monorail operates over a span of 14.7 miles, with around 50 million Disney guests traveling on the monorail each year ^[3]. The three routes on the Walt Disney World Monorail are:

• Express: Express service between the Magic Kingdom and the Transportation and Ticket Center(TTC).
• Resort: Local service making stops at the Magic Kingdom, the Transportation and Ticket Center, Disney's Polynesian Resort, Disney's Grand Floridian Resort and Spa and Disney's Contemporary Resort. Starting from the TTC, the monorail goes first to the Polynesian, The Grand Floridian, The Magic Kingdom, and the Contemporary before returning to the TTC.
• Epcot: Service between the Transportation and Ticket Center and Epcot

A spur track connects the Express and Resort lines to the maintenance shop. Another spur connects the Epcot and Express lines and is located north-east of the Transportation and Ticket Center.

The Monorail beams, which are made of concrete with a special polystyrene core to lighten their weight, came by train from Washington state.^[4]

Monorail cast members formerly referred to beams by their physical location rather than by the type of service offered by trains on the beam. This however was changed in order to facilitate one set of nomenclature for the system. The resort beam is the innermost beam of the two beams encircling the Seven Seas Lagoon. The trains operating the resort beam offer local service to the Magic Kingdom resorts. It was formerly known as the lagoon beam. The Express beam is the outermost beam circling the Seven Seas Lagoon and provides express service between the Transportation and Ticket Center and the Magic Kingdom.^[4] It was formerly known as the exterior beam. Finally, The Epcot beam connects the Transportation and Ticket Center with the Epcot theme park.

Trains

Specifications

The modern trains that have been in use since 1989 are each 203 feet long (consisting of six cars) and can carry 360 passengers. The trains are driven by eight 113 HP motors which are powered by a 600-volt electrical system running through a busbar mounted to the side of the concrete beam.^[5]

Operations

The cast members that operate a monorail train are called pilots. The Walt Disney World pilots are a separate group of operators from those who drive the resort buses and receive separate training.

One cast member acts as Monorail Central. Central controls the operation of the entire monorail system, usually by issuing instructions to pilots via radio. Central is responsible for setting up each day's operation in the morning, for handling contingencies and emergencies that occur during the day, and for moving trains off the system after all parks have closed. A cast member can act as Central only with a history of safe train operation, the ability to train other monorail pilots, and a rigorous training period during which they must successfully triage and treat simultaneous simulated emergencies. Monorail Central operates out of the glass booth on the Epcot Load platform at the Transportation and Ticket Center.

The manager who oversees all monorail operations at Walt Disney World is called "Monorail 1". Monorail One is a GSM (Guest Service Manager) that usually handles guest complaints as well as other items such as selling (redirecting guests at the base of the entrance ramps, similar to a carnival barker would sell tickets) ferry boats if there is a monorail downtime, or calling to start bus service if there is a closure, etc.

Monorail cast members refer to the system's stations as follows: The Base includes the platforms for both the express and resort beam at the Transportation and Ticket Center. The Concourse includes the load and unload platforms for the Epcot beam at the Transportation and Ticket Center. The stations at the Polynesian, Grand Floridian, Contemporary, at the Magic Kingdom, and at Epcot are named after each location. Because there is no monorail service to Disney's Animal Kingdom, cast members refer to the Magic Kingdom station simply as "Kingdom" without confusion.

Identification

Each train is identified by a colored stripe, and given a name according to that color. The complete list of colors used is below. To help visually identify Green from Lime and Pink from Coral, the Lime and Coral stripes have a white delta on each car.

Maintenance

The monorail shop holds ten of the twelve Mark VI trains on its upper level (the bottom level houses the four steam locomotives that circle the Magic Kingdom). On any given night, two monorails are parked either in the Magic Kingdom station, the Epcot station or the Transportation and Ticket Center station.^[6] On nights where the temperature drops below freezing, the trains will be parked inside the Contemporary resort but in practice trains can be left in any station (even on the express side of a resort station). No train will ever be left outside two nights in a row because routine maintenance is performed nightly.

The maintenance shop also has a painting room which is elevated 25 feet off the ground and has a lift mounted on the wall for the painters. It takes 3 weeks to paint a monorail.^[6] To access the wheels and underside of the monorail, the maintenance shop has a removable part of a beam to allow access to the wheels and underside.

Towing

The work tractor can tow a monorail to the maintenance shop (round house) around the bend from Space Mountain. Monorail Operations at the Walt Disney World resort has three separate tractors that could in theory allow for the simultaneous towing of three different monorails.^[6] In the event of a power failure on one of the monorail lines, these tractors can still operate, as they are powered by on-board diesel engines.

Safety

Train safety

Safe train spacing is maintained via a moving blocklight system, referred to as MAPO, installed in the cab of each train.^[4] MAPO appears in the top center of the pilot's console and looks similar to a horizontal stop light. There are three lights—green, amber, and red—and a push-button labeled "MAPO override". The term "MAPO" itself comes directly from Walt Disney, who formed a new company to deal with Disneyland's transportation system directly from the profits made by Mary Poppins.^[7]

Each monorail beam is divided into blocks based upon pylon numbering. The currently illuminated MAPO color indicates how far ahead the leading train is currently located. A green MAPO shows that the leading train is 3 or more blocks ahead, amber means 2 blocks ahead, and red indicates that the next train is in the very next block. A block is roughly between 500 and 1000 feet (about 150 and 300 m) long, although this varies. The start of each block is called a "hold point", as pilots may need to hold their trains at that location until the train ahead moves away. Guests riding in the front cab of a monorail can identify hold points by the yellow reflective tape around a pylon's number and by two yellow reflectors attached to the top outside edges of the monorail beam at that pylon.

For safety, trains must be kept at least two blocks apart during normal operation. A red MAPO indicates that train spacing has become unsafe. When a red MAPO occurs, the trains on-board computer locks out the pilot's propulsion control and applies emergency brakes. The pilot cannot resume control of the train until either the MAPO clears or the pilot presses and holds the MAPO override button.^[4]

It is the pilot's responsibility to avoid a red MAPO during normal operation. When the MAPO switches from green to amber, this indicates that the monorail is approaching the train ahead. The pilot must stop the train before crossing into the next block of beam way and hence before the MAPO switches to red. Should a pilot cross the hold point and receive a red MAPO, this counts as a safety demerit against the pilot. If the pilot ever has three demerits on their record, then they will be transferred out of the monorails department and into a different role at Walt Disney World.^[8]

Safety tests are performed daily to ensure that the MAPO system is working properly on each train. At the direction of Monorail Central, each train will intentionally overrun a hold point to verify that a red MAPO occurs and that the emergency brakes activate. Pilots perform tests in forward and reverse when bringing a train onto the system for the first time that day, and a forward test is again conducted mid-afternoon.

A red MAPO will also occur when the pilot approaches a section of un-powered beam, a spur line, or a switch beam thrown in the direction of a spur line. Pilots must engage the MAPO override when moving trains through a switch to the spur line. MAPO's occurring due to safety tests, switching, or beam power loss do not count as demerits against the pilot.

Emergency evacuation

Emergencies requiring train evacuation will be handled differently depending upon the location of the train and the nature of the emergency.

If a train is stopped at a station platform or at the work platform along the Epcot beam, guests can exit the train onto the platform. Exiting a train is possible even when the doors of the train cars are closed. The large rectangular window in the middle of each car is an emergency exit and can be removed from the interior of the car. A cast member outside the car can also forcibly open the rightmost door panel of the car by releasing the air pressure holding that panel closed. The air pressure release is a handle beneath the rectangular center window that is similar in appearance to a car door handle.

If a train is stopped on open beam, then guests evacuate through emergency exits located in the roof of the train. Guests open roof hatches by first removing decorative plastic from the ceiling above a bulkhead footstool and then by lifting open a hinged hatch that will flip across the bulkhead dividing two train cars. Guests evacuate to the roof by climbing through the open hatch onto the top of the train. The bulkheads separating cars are designed as firewalls that will contain a fire within a car to just that car. The open hatch allows guests in the affected car to transfer to an adjacent car where they can safely wait for evacuation by fire response crews.

If the emergency affects the entire train, then guests are evacuated to the surface of the beam. Guests again open the emergency roof hatches, but do not simply move to the adjacent car. Instead, they use a small handrail present along the top of each train car to move all the way to the front of the train. The trains pilot can attach a knotted rope to both the top and the base of the windscreen, and guests use the rope to shimmy down the windscreen to the surface of the beam. They finally start walking along the beam away from the train.

Reedy Creek Emergency Services provides fire response and rescue for the Walt Disney World Monorail System and maintains an all-wheel-drive fire truck specially designed for monorail rescue.^[9]

Platform safety

Some stations have remotely-opened or even automated gates that bar riders from approaching the monorail track (and, thus, any approaching or departing train) until the operators have determined that it is safe to allow people to board the train.^[10] The cast member at the station gives the riders instructions on how to board. Other stations have manually operated gates to serve this function.

The trains are powered by over 600 VDC, drawn from small rails (bus bars) running along the side of the beams. These bus bars are similar to the electrified or "third" rail of a subway train and they are incredibly dangerous.

As the train floor is slightly raised above the platform, a portable ramp must be used to load guests in wheelchairs. For many years, the Contemporary Resort station was not handicap-accessible. An elevator has since been added to the platform.

Incidents

In 1974, a monorail train crashed into the train ahead. One driver and two passengers were injured.^[11]

On June 26, 1985, a fire engulfed the rear car of the six-car Mark IV Silver monorail train in transit from the Epcot station to the Transportation and Ticket Center.^[11] The train was carrying 240 passengers, 40 of whom were in the burning car.^[12] This fire predated onboard fire detection systems, emergency exits, and evacuation planning. Passengers in the car kicked out side windows and climbed around the side of the train to reach the roof, where they were subsequently rescued by the Reedy Creek Fire Department.^[11] Seven passengers were hospitalized for smoke inhalation or other minor injuries.^[13] The fire department later determined that the fire started when a flat tire was dragged across the concrete beam, heated due to friction, and ignited.^[14]

On August 30, 1991, a monorail train collided with a diesel maintenance work tractor near the Contemporary Resort as the tractor drove closely in front of the train to film it for a commercial. Two cast members were treated at a hospital for injuries.^[15]

An electrical fire occurred on a train pulling into the Magic Kingdom station on August 12, 1996. The driver and the five passengers onboard exited safely. Two bus drivers who witnessed the fire and assisted were overcome by smoke and treated at a nearby hospital.^[16]

Guest relations

Prior to departure, a recorded announcement asks guests to "please stand clear of the doors; por favor manténganse alejado de las puertas." One of the most known phrases within the resort, it was recorded by Jack Wagner, who was known as "the Voice of Disneyland."^[17] During the system's early years, the trains featured Wagner's narration of the sights and scenery along the way, as well as information on special events, the resort, and the monorail system itself.^[17] Since that time, other announcers have provided these narrations, yet the "stand clear" announcement remains in Wagner's voice.

Guests may ask a cast member if there is room to ride up front with the pilot. There are two bench seats in front of the control console, with room for four guests. Availability is on a first-come, first-served basis. Guests who board the front of either the Express or Epcot trains must disembark at the next station, while those boarding the front of a Resort train generally are allowed stays no longer than a single round-trip circuit.^{[citation needed]} Monorail pilots may give out souvenir co-pilot licenses to guests riding in front with them.

Merchandising

As one of the de-facto symbols of the Walt Disney World Resort, the monorail has become part of the resort's marketing and merchandising efforts. One of the most popular elements is a battery-powered miniature toy monorail, sold in numerous gift shops at Walt Disney World. Each year, a new edition of the toy is released, with a different color stripe; the 2008 edition is Monorail Green. Since its initial release, a number of accessories have been sold for the set, such as stations resembling those for the various monorail-connected hotels--like the Grand Floridian Station and the Polynesian Station--and even the A-frame tower of the Contemporary Resort. Colors to date have included: Red, Black, Yellow, Purple, Gold, Blue, and Green.

The monorail is also a major icon in the resort's pin-trading program. For example, Disney Cast Members received a series of monorail pins to add to their pin lanyards for trading with guests. These pins have been released in two sets. The first set contains Red, Blue, Black, and Green, Silver, Purple, Yellow, and Orange. The second set added Gold, Lime, Pink and a Maroon train (in lieu of Coral). The pins could not be purchased at the resort; they could only be obtained by trading pins with Cast Members, or with other guests who had already obtained them.

See also

• Disneyland Monorail System
• Disney Transport
• List of rapid transit systems
• List of monorail systems

References

External links

• "Monorail Express". monorailexpress.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
• "Disney World Monorail". NYCSubway.org. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
• "Disney's Monorail". WDWHistory.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
• "WDW Monorail". bigfloridacountry.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)