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[[Association Football|Football]] was introduced in Peru by British immigrants and by Peruvians returning from [[England]] in the nineteenth century.<ref name=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe>{{cite web|url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/Tesis/Human/Alvarez_E_T/Cap2.htm|lang=es|title=La difusión del fútbol en Lima.|accessdate=2008-08-12 |publisher=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe}}</ref> In 1859, the British community of the Peruvian capital founded the [[Lima Cricket Club]], a [[sports club]] dedicated to the practice of cricket, hockey, tennis, and football.{{efn-ua|The Lima Cricket and Football Club also claims the title of being oldest football club in [[the Americas]].}}{{sfn|Higgins|2005|pp=130}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mailservicepro2.com/clublimacricket/tempo/quienes-somos/|lang=es|title=El Club: Datos y Anécdotas|accessdate=2013-19-01 |publisher=Clublimacricket.com}}</ref> In nearby [[Callao]], then an important [[Pacific Ocean]] port,<ref>Roel, p. 124</ref> English sailors used their free time to play football with the local ''Chalacos'' (people from Callao).{{efn-ua|During these games, the locals possibly invented the move known as the ''chalaca'' (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or [[bicycle kick]].}}<ref name="El Periodico de Mexico">{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicodemexico.com/nota.php?sec=Deportes&id=55799|title=¿Chilena o chalaca?... esa es la cuestión|accessdate=2008-01-16 |work=Elperiodicodemexico.com}}</ref> A growing [[sports rivalry]] soon developed between foreigners and ''Chalacos'', and overtime this transformed into a football rivalry between Callao and Lima.<ref name="sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe" />{{sfn|Goldblatt|2006|pp=135}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peruhist.html|title=Peru-List of Final Tables|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=rsssf.com }}</ref> However, the lack of a centralized organization caused constant conflicts among the clubs, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the [[Peruvian Football Federation]] (FPF) in 1922 and a [[Peruvian Primera División|Peruvian Football League]] tournament, regulated by the FPF, in 1926.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://fpf.org.pe/|title=Historia|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=fpf.org.pe}}</ref> |
[[Association Football|Football]] was introduced in Peru by British immigrants and by Peruvians returning from [[England]] in the nineteenth century.<ref name=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe>{{cite web|url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/Tesis/Human/Alvarez_E_T/Cap2.htm|lang=es|title=La difusión del fútbol en Lima.|accessdate=2008-08-12 |publisher=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe}}</ref> In 1859, the British community of the Peruvian capital founded the [[Lima Cricket Club]], a [[sports club]] dedicated to the practice of cricket, hockey, tennis, and football.{{efn-ua|The Lima Cricket and Football Club also claims the title of being oldest football club in [[the Americas]].}}{{sfn|Higgins|2005|pp=130}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mailservicepro2.com/clublimacricket/tempo/quienes-somos/|lang=es|title=El Club: Datos y Anécdotas|accessdate=2013-19-01 |publisher=Clublimacricket.com}}</ref> In nearby [[Callao]], then an important [[Pacific Ocean]] port,<ref>Roel, p. 124</ref> English sailors used their free time to play football with the local ''Chalacos'' (people from Callao).{{efn-ua|During these games, the locals possibly invented the move known as the ''chalaca'' (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or [[bicycle kick]].}}<ref name="El Periodico de Mexico">{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicodemexico.com/nota.php?sec=Deportes&id=55799|title=¿Chilena o chalaca?... esa es la cuestión|accessdate=2008-01-16 |work=Elperiodicodemexico.com}}</ref> A growing [[sports rivalry]] soon developed between foreigners and ''Chalacos'', and overtime this transformed into a football rivalry between Callao and Lima.<ref name="sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe" />{{sfn|Goldblatt|2006|pp=135}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peruhist.html|title=Peru-List of Final Tables|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=rsssf.com }}</ref> However, the lack of a centralized organization caused constant conflicts among the clubs, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the [[Peruvian Football Federation]] (FPF) in 1922 and a [[Peruvian Primera División|Peruvian Football League]] tournament, regulated by the FPF, in 1926.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://fpf.org.pe/|title=Historia|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=fpf.org.pe}}</ref> |
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Thanks to the significant British population in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elite, and the rapid development |
Thanks to the significant British population in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elite, and the sport's rapid development among the urban poor of the [[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]] district in Lima (due to the 1901 foundation of [[Alianza Lima]]), Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region.{{sfn|Goldblatt|2006|pp=135}} However, even though the FPF joined the [[South American Football Confederation]] (CONMEBOL) in 1925, financial problems prevented the formation of a national football team until 1927.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''La Seleccion...''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Seleccion Peruana de 1924| publisher=Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com| url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-seleccin-peruana-de-1924.html | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> The ensuing decade saw the first golden era of Peruvian football.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|pp=349}} Various Peruvian clubs toured [[Latin America]], and Peruvian football players gained international recognition for their talent.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.clubalianzalima.com/pages/hist1921.asp|title=Historia Blanquiazul: 1921–1960|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=clubalianzalima.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://peru.com/futbol/seleccion/historia/futbolistas/tfernandez.asp|title=Teodoro 'Lolo' Fernandez|accessdate=2009-06-30|publisher=Peru.com}}<br />{{es icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com/paginas/histo.htm|title=Un Poco de Historia|accessdate=2008-08-20|publisher=Futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mipunto.com/deportes/futbol/venezuela/historia.jsp|title=L historia del futbol venezolano|accessdate=2008-08-20|publisher=Mipunto.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.arcotriunfal.com/888/58_anos_de_futbol_profesional.html|title=58 años de fútbol profesional|accessdate=2008-03-17|publisher=Arcotriunfal.com}}</ref> Peru further awed audiences at the inaugural FIFA World Cup and the [[1936 Berlin Summer Olympics]],<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Minuto a minuto | publisher=Elcomercio.com | url=http://www.elcomercio.com.pe/edicionimpresa/Html/2007-08-05/imecnacional0765460.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> and finished the decade as winners of the inaugural [[Bolivarian Games]] (1938) and [[1939 South American Championship|South American champions]].{{efn-ua|Peru became the fourth nation to win the South American championship (later renamed Copa América), after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.}}<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Bolivarian Games''">{{cite web | title=Bolivarian Games: Soccer Tournament| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bolivarianos.html| accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref><ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Southamerican Championship 1939''">{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1939 | publisher=RSSSF.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/39safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> |
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After nearly four decades of sparse achievements and narrow eliminations in World Cup qualifiers ([[1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL – Group 1)|1958]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup qualification|1962]], and [[1966 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|1966]]), Peru entered another golden era in late 1969, qualifying for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup|Mexico 1970 World Cup]] at the expense of Bolivia and Argentina.<ref>{{cite web | title=The silence of the Bombonera| publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=735839.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In the tournament, Peru reached the quarterfinals and earned the first [[FIFA Fair Play Trophy]].<ref name="BBC Sport" /><ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Afterwards, Peru won its second [[1975 Copa América|Copa América in 1975]] and qualified for the [[1978 FIFA World Cup|Argentina 1978 World Cup]], eliminating traditional rivals Chile and Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1975| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/75safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In this World Cup, Peru ended as group leaders, but in the second round were eliminated as last in their group.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1978''" /> The team next qualified [[1982 FIFA World Cup|Spain 1982 World Cup]], eliminating Uruguay (the [[1980 Mundialito]] winners) and Colombia,<ref>{{cite web | title=Mundialito 1980 (Montevideo, Uruguay)| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mund80.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> and led a preparation tour in Europe and Africa, defeating Hungary (2–1) and France (1–0), and tying [[Algeria national football team|Algeria]] (1–1); upon their return to Peru, the squad defeated Romania (2–0).<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> However, once in the World Cup, they were eliminated in the Group Stage; Peru's elimination ended a period when the team's "flowing football was admired across the globe."<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1982 Finals''" /><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=BOwQ82EArigC&pg=PA120&dq=1983+Copa+America&hl=en&ei=ikYwTqC-Lcjh0QHbq7SGAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Peru&f=false Soccer: The Ultimate Guide] Page 75</ref> |
After nearly four decades of sparse achievements and narrow eliminations in World Cup qualifiers ([[1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL – Group 1)|1958]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup qualification|1962]], and [[1966 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|1966]]), Peru entered another golden era in late 1969, qualifying for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup|Mexico 1970 World Cup]] at the expense of Bolivia and Argentina.<ref>{{cite web | title=The silence of the Bombonera| publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=735839.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In the tournament, Peru reached the quarterfinals and earned the first [[FIFA Fair Play Trophy]].<ref name="BBC Sport" /><ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Afterwards, Peru won its second [[1975 Copa América|Copa América in 1975]] and qualified for the [[1978 FIFA World Cup|Argentina 1978 World Cup]], eliminating traditional rivals Chile and Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1975| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/75safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In this World Cup, Peru ended as group leaders, but in the second round were eliminated as last in their group.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1978''" /> The team next qualified [[1982 FIFA World Cup|Spain 1982 World Cup]], eliminating Uruguay (the [[1980 Mundialito]] winners) and Colombia,<ref>{{cite web | title=Mundialito 1980 (Montevideo, Uruguay)| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mund80.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> and led a preparation tour in Europe and Africa, defeating Hungary (2–1) and France (1–0), and tying [[Algeria national football team|Algeria]] (1–1); upon their return to Peru, the squad defeated Romania (2–0).<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> However, once in the World Cup, they were eliminated in the Group Stage; Peru's elimination ended a period when the team's "flowing football was admired across the globe."<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1982 Finals''" /><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=BOwQ82EArigC&pg=PA120&dq=1983+Copa+America&hl=en&ei=ikYwTqC-Lcjh0QHbq7SGAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Peru&f=false Soccer: The Ultimate Guide] Page 75</ref> |
Revision as of 00:36, 22 January 2013
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Nickname(s) | La Blanquirroja (The White and Red) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Association | Peruvian Football Federation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Confederation | CONMEBOL (South America) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Head coach | Sergio Markarián | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Captain | Claudio Pizarro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most caps | Roberto Palacios (128) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top scorer | Teófilo Cubillas (26)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home stadium | Estadio Nacional | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIFA code | PER | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FIFA ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Highest | 25 (July 2011) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lowest | 91 (September 2009) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First international | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Lima, Peru; November 1, 1927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Bogotá, Colombia; August 11, 1938) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest defeat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Santa Cruz, Bolivia; June 26, 1997) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 4 (first in 1930) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Quarter Finals, 1970 and 1978 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copa América | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 34 (first in 1927) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Winners, 1939 and 1975 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CONCACAF Gold Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 1 (first in 2000) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Third (shared), 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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The Peru national football team represents Peru in international football competition and is managed by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). The team competes against the other nine members of FIFA's CONMEBOL conference, which encompasses the countries of South America. The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent, although it is considered to have enjoyed two successful periods in the 1930s and 1970s.[2]
Founded in 1927, the Peru national football team plays its home matches primarily at the Estadio Nacional in Lima. Peru has won the Copa América twice, qualified for four FIFA World Cup tournaments, and participated in two Olympic tournaments. Peru's traditional footballing rival is Chile,[3] but the team also has a prominent rivalry with Ecuador. The classic colors of the team are white and red, the colors of the Peruvian flag, and the team is commonly known as la Blanquirroja (Spanish for "the white-and-red").[4]
Early in its history, Peru participated in World Cup tournaments and enjoyed victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, when it was led by Teodoro Fernández, Juan Valdivieso, and Alejandro Villanueva.[2] Peruvian football's successful period in the 1970s brought Peru back to world recognition, with players such as Héctor Chumpitaz, Hugo Sotil, and Teófilo Cubillas.[5][6] This team qualified for three FIFA World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975.
Peru's 1982 World Cup participation was its last to date: the national team has not since won a major tournament or participated in a World Cup tournament. The team was temporarily suspended from international participation by FIFA in late 2008 due to allegations of corruption involving government sport authorities and the FPF. Peru has currently appointed Uruguayan Sergio Markarián as its head coach and, after achieving third place at the 2011 Copa América, seeks to qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
History
Football was introduced in Peru by British immigrants and by Peruvians returning from England in the nineteenth century.[7] In 1859, the British community of the Peruvian capital founded the Lima Cricket Club, a sports club dedicated to the practice of cricket, hockey, tennis, and football.[A][8][9] In nearby Callao, then an important Pacific Ocean port,[10] English sailors used their free time to play football with the local Chalacos (people from Callao).[B][11] A growing sports rivalry soon developed between foreigners and Chalacos, and overtime this transformed into a football rivalry between Callao and Lima.[7][12][13] However, the lack of a centralized organization caused constant conflicts among the clubs, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) in 1922 and a Peruvian Football League tournament, regulated by the FPF, in 1926.[14]
Thanks to the significant British population in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elite, and the sport's rapid development among the urban poor of the La Victoria district in Lima (due to the 1901 foundation of Alianza Lima), Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region.[12] However, even though the FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925, financial problems prevented the formation of a national football team until 1927.[15] The ensuing decade saw the first golden era of Peruvian football.[16] Various Peruvian clubs toured Latin America, and Peruvian football players gained international recognition for their talent.[17] Peru further awed audiences at the inaugural FIFA World Cup and the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics,[18] and finished the decade as winners of the inaugural Bolivarian Games (1938) and South American champions.[C][19][20]
After nearly four decades of sparse achievements and narrow eliminations in World Cup qualifiers (1958, 1962, and 1966), Peru entered another golden era in late 1969, qualifying for the Mexico 1970 World Cup at the expense of Bolivia and Argentina.[21] In the tournament, Peru reached the quarterfinals and earned the first FIFA Fair Play Trophy.[6][22] Afterwards, Peru won its second Copa América in 1975 and qualified for the Argentina 1978 World Cup, eliminating traditional rivals Chile and Ecuador.[23] In this World Cup, Peru ended as group leaders, but in the second round were eliminated as last in their group.[24] The team next qualified Spain 1982 World Cup, eliminating Uruguay (the 1980 Mundialito winners) and Colombia,[25] and led a preparation tour in Europe and Africa, defeating Hungary (2–1) and France (1–0), and tying Algeria (1–1); upon their return to Peru, the squad defeated Romania (2–0).[22] However, once in the World Cup, they were eliminated in the Group Stage; Peru's elimination ended a period when the team's "flowing football was admired across the globe."[26][27]
Subsequent years proved unfavorable to Peru. The national side missed the Mexico 1986 World Cup after losing a play-off match against Chile. Tragedy struck on December 8, 1987, when the aircraft carrying Alianza Lima's team and coaching staff crashed into the Pacific Ocean, with several young national team members and coach Marcos Calderón perishing as a result.[28] Despite earning third place at the 1997 U.S. Cup,[29] Peru did not get close to qualifying for a World Cup again until 1998, when it was eliminated due to a goal difference with Chile.[30] Nonetheless, Peru managed to win two Kirin Cup competitions (1999 and 2005), as well as attaining second place at the 1989 Marlboro Cup,[31] and third place at the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup.[32]
At present, Peru remains unable to qualify for a World Cup and has struggled with various player indiscipline scandals. Much of the blame for Peru's performance is placed on FPF President Manuel Burga.[33][34][35] In 2008, the Peruvian government charged Burga with corruption and made his re-election illegal. In response, FIFA suspended several Peruvian Football League officials and referees, the national football team, and prevented Peru from hosting the 2009 South American Youth Championship.[36] After Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD) president Arturo Woodman agreed to discuss matters and reach an agreement with the FPF, FIFA President Sepp Blatter lifted the bans and restrictions.[37] With FIFA's approval, the FPF later reappointed Burga.[38]
On July 2, 2010, Uruguayan Sergio Markarián took charge of the national team tasked with leading Peru in the 2011 Copa América and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[39] His work with the squad received positive comments from Pelé,[40] and Peru won the Kirin Cup for a third time.[41] Markarián's first challenge was another indiscipline scandal; Markarián temporarily banned Reimond Manco and John Galliquio.[42] Peru achieved third place at the 2011 Copa América, even though several of the team's key players were unavailable because of injuries.[43]
FIFA World Cup record
Peru has played at four FIFA World Cup finals, the first in 1930 and the last in 1982.[44] Luis de Souza Ferreira scored Peru's first World Cup goal in the 1930 match against Romania.[45] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top World Cup scorer with 10 goals in two competitions. Four managers have led Peru in the competition: Spaniard Francisco Bru (1930),[46] Brazilians Valdir Pereira (1970) and Elba de Pádua Lima (1982),[47][48] and Peruvian Marcos Calderón (1978).[49] Pereira's 1970 squad reached the quarter-finals; the team's furthest progression in the World Cup.
In 1930, Peru were eliminated in the group stage after losing to Romania (1–3) and Uruguay (0–1). During the match against Romania, Peru's Plácido Galindo became the first player to be sent off during a World Cup.[50] In 1969, Peru lost 1–2 to Bolivia in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, after which the referee, Sergio Chechelev, admitted Argentina paid him to fix the game in Bolivia's favor.[51] Peru qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup, drawing 2–2 against Argentina, preventing Argentina's World Cup qualification for the first time.[52] The 1970 team led by "Didi" Pereira beat Bulgaria 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at half-time,[53] beat Morocco (3–0), lost to Germany (1–3) and were eliminated by Brazil (2–4) in the quarterfinals.[54][55]
Peru qualified for the 1978 cup held in Argentina, and was placed in Group 4, becoming group leader after defeating Scotland (3–1) and Iran (4–1),[56][57] and drawing with the Netherlands (0–0).[58][59] In the second round, rumors circulated that Peru had been paid by the Argentine military government to play poorly and concede the goals Argentina needed to reach the final; it was further rumored that the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, who was born in Argentina. None of the allegations could be proven, and Argentina won the tournament.[60] Before the Spain 1982 World Cup came, the Peruvian squad embarked upon a successful practice tour in Europe and Africa,[22] but were eliminated after drawing against Cameroon (0–0) and Italy (1–1) and defeated by Poland (5–1).[61]
FIFA World Cup record | ||||||||
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Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D* | L | GS | GA |
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Group Stage | 10th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
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Withdrew | |||||||
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Did Not Enter | |||||||
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Withdrew | |||||||
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Did Not Qualify | |||||||
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Quarter-Final | 6th | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 9 |
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Did Not Qualify | |||||||
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Second Group Stage | 8th | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 12 |
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Group Stage | 20th | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
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Did Not Qualify | |||||||
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To Be Determined | |||||||
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Total | Quarter-Final | 4/19 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 19 | 31 |
- *Denotes draws including knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.
Template:Peru FIFA World Cup Squads
Copa América record
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Copa_America-2004-02.jpg/220px-Copa_America-2004-02.jpg)
After joining CONMEBOL in 1925, Peru hosted the Copa América in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957, 2004; and won it in 1939 and 1975. Demetrio Neyra scored the national team's first goal in the 1927 edition held in Lima.[62] Peru's team boasts three tournament top scorers: Teodoro Fernández (7 goals, 1939), Eduardo Malásquez (3 goals, 1983), and Paolo Guerrero (5 goals, 2011).[63] Teodoro Fernández in 1939 and 1941, Miguel Loayza in 1959 and Paolo Guerrero in 2011 scored hat-tricks in the competition.[64] Two managers have led Peru to tournament victories, Englishman Jack Greenwell (1939) and Peruvian Marcos Calderón (1975).
In 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa América title, defeating Ecuador 5–2, Chile 3–1, and Paraguay 3–0 to reach the final. With players Teodoro Fernández and Jorge Alcalde, Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by 2–1.[65] Peru became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil, to win the Copa América.
In 1975, Peru won the first Copa América held without a fixed venue, defeating Chile and Bolivia in the group stages, Brazil at the Mineirão by 3–1 with the goals of Enrique Casaretto and Teófilo Cubillas in the semifinals. After being randomly chosen in a CONMEBOL-sponsored lottery, ordered after Brazil defeated Peru in Lima by 0–2, thus equalizing in the amount of points between it and Brazil,[66] Peru defeated Colombia in two of three games played for the final. The squad lost the first leg of the final played in Colombia, but won the second match in Lima and a final match at Caracas. Peru's goals were scored by Juan Carlos Oblitas, Oswaldo Ramírez, and Hugo Sotil.[66]
Peru's highest non-winning place in the tournament is third place, which it achieved five times; two at home (1927 and 1935), one in Brazil (1949), one in Chile (1955), and in Argentina (2011). In 2011, Peru also obtained five LG Corp. Player of the Game awards, twice for Paolo Guerrero and Juan Manuel Vargas, and once for William Chiroque, the most awarded to a national team in the tournament.
Copa América/South American Championship | |||||||
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Total: 2 Titles | |||||||
Year | Position | Year | Position | Year | Position | ||
1916–1926 | Absent | ![]() |
Third Place | ![]() |
Round 1 | ||
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Third Place | ![]() |
Fifth Place | ![]() |
Round 1 | ||
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Fourth Place | ![]() |
Third Place | ![]() |
Round 1 | ||
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Third Place | ![]() |
Sixth Place | ![]() |
Quarterfinals | ||
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Sixth place | ![]() |
Fourth Place | ![]() |
Round 1 | ||
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Winners | ![]() |
Fourth Place | ![]() |
Fourth Place | ||
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Fourth Place | ![]() |
Fifth place | ![]() |
Quarterfinals | ||
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Fifth place | ![]() |
Withdrew | ![]() |
Quarterfinals | ||
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Withdrew | 1975 | Winners | ![]() |
Quarterfinals | ||
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Withdrew | 1979 | Semifinals | ![]() |
Quarterfinals | ||
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Fifth Place | 1983 | Semifinals | ![]() |
Third Place |
Template:Peru Copa América Champion Squads
Olympic record
Peru was the only South American football team to compete in the 1936 Berlin Olympics.[2] The team began the tournament well, defeating Finland 7–3. Players for Peru included Teodoro Fernández, Alejandro Villanueva, Juan Valdivieso, and Adelfo Magallanes.[67] The IFFHS considers this Peruvian side to have been "a technically excellent and strong attacking side" that had "everything to be a finalist."[68] The Peruvians next eliminated the Austrian Wunderteam, favorites to win the tournament, defeating them 4–2 in extra time. However, after the game, the Austrian team alleged that the Peruvian players had manhandled them and that Peruvian spectators, one brandishing a revolver, had invaded the pitch during overtime.[69] However, Peru - the away team - had few supporters, and the nationalities or identities of the spectators who entered the field during the regular time were never discovered.[70] Despite the lack of concrete evidence, the International Olympic Committee, presided by Jules Rimet,[71] nullified the result and ordered a re-match behind closed doors, and the Peruvian and Colombian delegations forfeited the games in protest.[69] The story was told differently by European and South American media; the exact details of the incident remain unknown.[67] Nowadays, the IFFHS is the only international football organization to condemn the actions taken against Peru in the tournament.[71]
During the 1960s, Peru won the Bolivarian Games in Barranquilla and qualified for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[19]
Stadium
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstadioNacion-Peru.jpg/220px-EstadioNacion-Peru.jpg)
The Estadio Nacional (National Stadium), also known as the Coloso de José Díaz, is a 45,000-spectator stadium located in Lima that acts as the traditional home of the Peruvian team and the National Stadium of Peru.[73] The stadium, a gift from England, opened on July 18, 1897, as the Estadio Guadalupe.[74][75] The Peruvian Football League (which later became the Peruvian Football Federation) used it for the first official football tournaments, which were held in Lima. In 1921, as part of President Augusto B. Leguía's embellecimiento (beautification) program, the stadium was renovated and renamed the Estadio Nacional de Peru.[75] During the regime of General Manuel Odría, the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.[76] Under the government of Alan García, the stadium was renovated and re-inaugurated on July 24, 2011.[73]
In preparation for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, artificial turf was installed as a means of improving the stadium's aesthetic appeal; the surface was left in place after the tournament. In 2005, the stadium was one of Peru's four "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial pitches) stadiums.[77] Nonetheless, the surface received heavy criticisms from Peruvian First Division clubs, due to player injuries for which it was allegedly responsible.[78] In 2011, the artificial ground was removed as part of stadium's the renovation process. Additional improvements include a modern exterior and interior multi-colored illumination system which complies with FIFA's norms for high-definition transmissions, two giant LED screens, individual spectator seats, and 375 private suites.[72][73]
The national team occasionally selects other stadiums as its home venue. The thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco and the balmy Amazonic climate of the Estadio Max Augustín in Iquitos provide strategic advantages against certain rivals.[79] Other stadiums in Lima are sometimes used to bring the team closer to certain communities in the city, such as Alianza Lima's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva.[80] During the 2010 World Cup qualifiers, Universitario's Estadio Monumental "U" was often selected for home matches due to controversy over the National Stadium's playing surface.[78]
Uniform
Peru's national colors are red and white.[81] The team's first uniform was made for the 1927 South American Championship; it consisted of white shorts and a shirt with vertical stripes. For the 1930 FIFA World Cup, an all-white kit with a red collar was chosen. A third uniform was made for the 1935 South American Championship; a horizontal red stripe was added. Peru's current uniform was designed for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics; a red stripe crosses the chest diagonally from the left shoulder to the hip's right.[4] In 2010, the ESPN television network named Peru's 1978 FIFA World Cup jersey as the best ever World Cup jersey, praising its simple design.[82]
Peru's uniform has been manufactured by eight separate companies. In 1978, Adidas became the first official manufacturer. During the 1980s, Peru had contracts with Brazilian company Penalty (1981–1982), Adidas (1983–1985), two deals with Calvo Sportwear (1987) and Power (1989–1991). In the 1990s, Peru contracted with Diadora (1991–1992), local manufacturer Polmer (1993–1995) and Umbro (1996–1997). It also had a long-term contract with local company Walon Sport (1998–2010). Among other designs, Walon produced the 1998 version with folkloric designs and the 2003 version that was similar to the Adidas kits.[4] From July 2010, Umbro has produced the kits for Peru. The new uniform was presented on September 4, 2010, in the friendly against Canada.[83]
-
Peru's 1927 uniform -
Peru's 1930 uniform -
Peru's 1935 uniform -
Peru's current uniform (1936 – present) -
Alternate uniform
Rivalries
The Peruvian team has regional rivalries with Chile and Ecuador. Territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have led to a large football rivalry between Chile and Peru since the ending of the War of the Pacific. Both nations dispute the origin of the football move known as the bicycle kick.[11][84] Matches between Chile and Peru, considered by CNN (Cable News Network) to be among the top ten rivalries in the world,[84] are nicknamed the Clásico del Pacífico (Derby of the Pacific). A trophy named the Copa del Pacífico (Cup of the Pacific) is awarded whenever Chile and Peru play against each other.[3][22] Peru's rivalry with Ecuador, derived from historical border conflicts, is not as large as that with Chile, but is of competitive importance to both nations.[85]
Between 1933 and 1935, Peru united with the Chilean squad to form the Combinado del Pacifico,[D] touring England, Germany, France, and Spain. Peru's Teodoro Fernández was the top goal scorer with 48 goals in 39 games.[86][87]
Players
Current squad
The following players were named for the Friendly Match game against Honduras on November 14, 2012. Caps and goals updated as November 14, 2012.
Recent call-ups
- INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.
- WD Player withdrew from the squad due to personal reason.
Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club | Latest call-up | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GK | José Carvallo | March 1, 1986 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
GK | Diego Penny | April 22, 1984 | 10 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
GK | Joel Pinto | June 5, 1980 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
GK | Leao Butrón | March 6, 1977 | 39 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
GK | Salomón Libman | February 25, 1984 | 6 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Jhoel Herrera | July 9, 1980 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Santiago Acasiete | October 22, 1977 | 43 | 2 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Alberto Rodríguez | March 31, 1984 | 42 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Carlos Zambrano | July 10, 1989 | 21 | 2 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Rafael Farfán | December 28, 1975 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Jesús Álvarez | August 26, 1981 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Renzo Revoredo | May 11, 1986 | 19 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Jean Pierre Cáncar | July 8, 1987 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Aurelio Saco Vértiz | May 30, 1989 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | John Galliquio | December 1, 1979 | 41 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Roberto Guizasola | August 21, 1984 | 10 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | José Canova | September 30, 1992 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Giancarlo Carmona | October 8, 1985 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Walter Vílchez | February 20, 1982 | 64 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Orlando Contreras | June 11, 1982 | 6 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Jair Céspedes | May 22, 1984 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Jaime Vásquez | February 21, 1991 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Aldo Corzo | May 20, 1989 | 9 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
DF | Gianfranco Espinoza | August 28, 1986 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Joel Sánchez | June 11, 1989 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Juan Manuel Vargas | October 5, 1983 | 42 | 4 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Paolo Hurtado | July 27, 1990 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Jefferson Farfán | October 26, 1984 | 50 | 15 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Luis Ramírez | November 10, 1984 | 23 | 2 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Josepmir Ballón | March 21, 1988 | 21 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Michael Guevara | June 10, 1984 | 13 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Juan Carlos Mariño | August 19, 1982 | 20 | 3 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Edwin Retamoso | February 23, 1982 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Juan Cominges | October 1, 1983 | 14 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Paulo Albarracín | November 30, 1989 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Julio Edson Uribe | May 9, 1982 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Cristian García | March 2, 1981 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Carlos Zegarra | March 2, 1977 | 24 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Rainer Torres | January 12, 1980 | 23 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Antonio Gonzales | May 16, 1986 | 10 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Renzo Sheput | November 8, 1980 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Paolo de la Haza | November 30, 1983 | 24 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
MF | Carlos Fernández | November 1, 1984 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Claudio Pizarro | October 3, 1978 | 66 | 16 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Paolo Guerrero | January 1, 1984 | 45 | 19 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | André Carrillo | June 14, 1991 | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | William Chiroque | March 10, 1980 | 18 | 1 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Wilmer Aguirre | May 10, 1983 | 8 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Andy Pando | July 28, 1983 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Junior Ross | February 19, 1986 | 11 | 0 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | José Carlos Fernández | May 14, 1983 | 6 | 2 | ![]() |
vs ![]() | ||
FW | Hernán Rengifo | April 18, 1983 | 22 | 6 | ![]() |
vs ![]() |
Youth squads
Managers
Peru's first manager, Uruguayan Pedro Olivieri, was appointed for the 1927 South American Championship held in Peru. Its first victory in the continental tournament was attained in 1939 under the management of Englishman Jack Greenwell, who also led the national squad to their first international title during the Bolivarian Games of 1938. When the South American Championship was renamed Copa América in 1975, Peruvian Marcos Calderón managed la Blanquirroja to its last, to date, continental title.
During its first World Cup appearance (1930), Peru was managed by Spaniard Francisco Bru.[46] Other World Cup managers include Brazilian Valdir Pereira (1970),[47] Marcos Calderón (1978),[49] and Brazilian Elba de Pádua Lima (1982).[48] Both Pereira and Calderón progressed past the first round of the competition but, to date, Pereira's quarterfinal finish is Peru's best World Cup participation.
In the Kirin Cup invitational tournament, Peru has obtained three titles under separate management. The first was obtained in 1999 under Colombian manager Francisco Maturana, the second in 2005 under Peruvian Freddy Ternero, and the third in 2011 under Uruguayan Sergio Markarián.
Records and Fixtures
Peru has played 525 official matches, including friendlies, since 1927. Among the notable matches were a 4–2 victory over Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics before being disqualified from this tournament, a surprising 4–1 victory over England in a friendly game in 1959, the 1964 Lima football riot at a qualification match for the 1964 Olympics and the 0-6 defeat against Argentine in the second round of the 1978 World Cup after outstanding results in the first round, a match that still feeds speculations.[88][22] According to CONMEBOL, Peruvian teams play with much technique and elegance, generally making them one of the finest exponents of South American football.[89] Peru has a good performance record against Asian, African, Caribbean, and Central American teams. [90] The highest scoring victory achieved by the Peruvian squad is a 9–1 score against Ecuador in the inaugural Bolivarian Games. The team's biggest defeat occurred in the 1997 Copa América, when Brazil defeated Peru by 7–0.[22] Peru was the first team to receive a FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, Peru being the only team that received no yellow or red cards in their games.[91]
Roberto Palacios has the most appearances with the national team, having played 122 times between 1992 and 2007. Héctor Chumpitaz, with 105 appearances is second and Jorge Soto, with 101 appearances is third. For goalkeepers, Oscar Ibañez holds the most appearances with 50 caps, followed by Miguel Miranda (47 caps) and Ramón Quiroga (40 caps).[92] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top goalscorer with 26 goals in 81 appearances. Teodoro Fernández is second, but holds a higher goal per appearance average with 24 goals in 32 appearances. In third place is Nolberto Solano, who has 20 goals in 89 appearances.[92] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest goal during a match against Mexico on August 20, 2003; Pizarro also scored the second fastest goal and Luis Ramírez the third.[93]
Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández, and Juan Valdivieso were part of the Combinado del Pacífico that toured Europe from 1933 to 1934 and ended with 13 games won, 13 tied, and 13 lost; Fernández was top scorer with 48 goals.[86] Hugo Sotil, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Teófilo Cubillas were selected from the Peruvian football team to join the starting line-up of the South America XI that played against the Europe XI in 1973 at the Nou Camp of FC Barcelona. Sotil scored South America's second goal, and Chumpitaz's goal evened the score (4–4); South America beat Europe 7–6 in the penalty rounds.[94]
Endnotes
- ^ The Lima Cricket and Football Club also claims the title of being oldest football club in the Americas.
- ^ During these games, the locals possibly invented the move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick.
- ^ Peru became the fourth nation to win the South American championship (later renamed Copa América), after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.
- ^ The Combinado del Pacifico was known by the European media as the "Peru-Chile XI" and "All-Pacific".[86]
Footnotes
- ^ "Goalscoring for Peru National Team". José Luis Pierrend. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ a b c Witzig, p. 349
- ^ a b "High Alert for Chile-Peru Qualifier". thestar.com.my. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
- ^ a b c Template:Es icon"La Blanquiroja". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
- ^ "Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ a b "The slide of Peruvian football". BBC. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
- ^ a b "La difusión del fútbol en Lima" (in Spanish). sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
- ^ Higgins 2005, pp. 130.
- ^ "El Club: Datos y Anécdotas" (in Spanish). Clublimacricket.com. Retrieved 2013-19-01.
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"Peru v Asian teams 1967–2005". RSSSF.com. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
"Peru v African teams 1970–1982". RSSSF.com. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
"Peru v Central American teams". RSSSF.com. Retrieved August 9, 2010. - ^ Template:Es icon"La Lista No. 5 (Especial del Mundial), México 1970". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
- ^ a b "Peru – Record International Players". Rsssf.com. Retrieved March 9, 2009.
- ^ "Gol de "Cachito" es el tercer tanto más rápido de la blanquirroja | LÍBERO WEB". Libero.pe. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
- ^ Template:Es icon"El Numéro Diez, Peruanos en Resto del Mundo". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
References
Bibliography
- Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball is Round. London, London, England: Penguin Group. ISBN 1-59448-296-9. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- Goldblatt, David (2002). World Soccer Yearbook. London, London, England: DK Pub. ISBN 0-7894-8943-0. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A Cultural and Literary History. Oxford, England: Signal Books Limited.
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(help) - Roel, Virgilio (1997). Historia social y económica del Perú en el siglo XIX. Lima, Lima, Peru: Librería y Distribuidora "El Alba". Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- Thorndike, Guillermo (1978). El Revés de Morir. Barranco, Lima, Peru: Mosca Azul Editores. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
- Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. Harahan, Louisiana, USA: CusiBoy Publishing. ISBN 0-9776688-0-0. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
External links
- Peru FA
- FIFA team profile
- All about Peru in FIFA World Cup (Spanish)
- All about Peru in Olimpic Games (Spanish)
- All about Peru in the CONCACAF Gold Cup 2000 (Spanish)
- All about the FIFA U-17 World Cup Peru 2005 (Spanish)
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