Tulsi Gabbard
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii's 2nd district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2013
Preceded by	Mazie Hirono
Vice Chair of the Democratic National Committee
In office January 22, 2013 – February 27, 2016
Chair	Debbie Wasserman Schultz
Preceded by	Mike Honda
Succeeded by	Grace Meng
Member of the Honolulu City Council from the 6th district
In office January 2, 2011 – August 16, 2012
Preceded by	Rod Tam
Succeeded by	Carol Fukunaga
Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 42nd district
In office 2002–2004
Preceded by	Mark Moses
Succeeded by	Rida Cabanilla
Personal details
Born	(1981-04-12) April 12, 1981 (age 43) Leloaloa, American Samoa, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Eduardo Tamayo ​ ​ (m. 2002; div. 2006)​ Abraham Williams ​ (m. 2015)​
Relatives	Mike Gabbard (father)
Education	Hawaii Pacific University (BSBA)
Signature
Website	House website
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army
Years of service	2003–present
Rank	Major
Unit	Hawaii Army National Guard
Battles/wars	Iraq War
Awards	Meritorious Service Medal Combat Medical Badge

This article is part of a series about Tulsi Gabbard
Political positions Electoral history 2020 presidential campaign Primaries U.S. Representative from Hawaii's 2nd district Congressional career CPC Stop Arming Terrorists Act No More Presidential Wars Act INF Treaty Compliance Act 2012 election 2014 reelection 2016 reelection 2018 reelection

Tulsi Gabbard (/ˈtʌlsi ˈɡæbərd/; born April 12, 1981) is an American politician and Hawaii Army National Guard major serving as the U.S. Representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. Elected in 2012, she is the first Hindu member of Congress and the first Samoan-American voting member of Congress.^[1][2] Gabbard's announcement of her intention to seek the Democratic nomination in the 2020 US presidential election made her the first female combat veteran to run for president.^[3][4]

In 2002, Gabbard was elected to the Hawaii House of Representatives. In 2004, she became the first state legislator to voluntarily step down from public office for a tour of duty in a war zone.^[5] Gabbard served in a field medical unit of the Hawaii Army National Guard in a combat zone in Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and was deployed to Kuwait from 2008 to 2009. She was a vice chair of the Democratic National Committee from 2013 to 2016, when she resigned to endorse Senator Bernie Sanders for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.

Gabbard's domestic policy platform in her campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination is economically and socially progressive and has been described as "similar to Bernie Sanders ... in many respects".^[6] She supports Medicare for All^[7] and strengthening the reproductive rights framework of Roe v Wade by codifying it into federal law.^[8] She voted and lobbied against LGBT rights in Hawaii prior to her first tour of duty, but since 2011 Gabbard has apologized for her earlier positions and supported LGBT rights.^[9][10]

Gabbard opposes military interventionism but has called herself a "hawk" on terrorism.^[11][12] Her decision to meet Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and expressions of skepticism about his use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War attracted criticism from leading establishment Democrats.^[13]

On October 25, 2019, Gabbard announced that she will not seek another term in Congress.^[14]

Early life and education

Gabbard was born on April 12, 1981, in Leloaloa, Maoputasi County, on American Samoa's main island of Tutuila, and moved to Hawaii at age 2.^{[15][16] [17]}

Gabbard was the fourth of five children born to Mike Gabbard and his wife Carol (née Porter) Gabbard.^[18] She was raised in a multicultural household.^[19] Her father was born in American Samoa and lived in Hawaii and Florida as a child;^[20][21] he is of Samoan, U.S., and European ancestry. Her mother was born in Indiana and grew up in Michigan.^[22] In 1983, when Gabbard was two years old, her family moved to Hawaii. Gabbard fully embraced the Hindu faith as a teenager.^[18][23][24]

Gabbard was home-schooled through high school except for two years at informal schools in the Philippines.^[25][26] During her childhood Gabbard excelled in martial arts.^[26] In 1996, she and her father, Mike Gabbard, co-founded Healthy Hawaiʻi Coalition, an environmental educational group, to protect watersheds and the health of local communities and families.^[27][28]

At age 17, Gabbard worked for the Alliance for Traditional Marriage and Values, a political action committee her father founded in 1998, to pass an amendment giving the Hawaii state legislature the power to "reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples."^[29][30]

Early career

In the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks, Gabbard worked for a nonprofit, Stand Up For America (SUFA),^[31][32] founded by her father to "instill a sense of duty and commitment [and] promote patriotism and unity in the community."^[33]

In 2002, while working as a self-employed martial arts instructor,^[34] she was the youngest legislator ever elected to represent the 42nd House District of the Hawaii House of Representatives (at the time she was the youngest woman ever elected to a U.S. state legislature).^[35][36]

In 2004, Gabbard filed for reelection but then volunteered for Army National Guard service in Iraq. Following calls from her opponent to resign while deployed to Iraq, Gabbard chose not to campaign for a second term and was defeated.^[37][38] Before her deployment to Iraq in 2004, Gabbard also worked as an educator for the Healthy Hawai'i Coalition.^[39]

In early 2006, Gabbard was a regional finalist for the White House Fellows program and listed her occupation as a nonprofit manager in ʻEwa Beach, Hawaii.^[40] Also in 2006, she began serving as a legislative aide in Washington, D.C. for then-U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka.^[41]

In 2009, Gabbard graduated from Hawaii Pacific University with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in International Business.^{[42][43][44][45]}

In 2010, as a finalist for the White House Fellows program, Gabbard was listed as an OCS platoon trainer and vice president of the Healthy Hawaii Coalition.^[46]

Military service

In April 2003, while serving in the State Legislature, Gabbard enlisted in the Hawaii Army National Guard.^[47] In July 2004, she was deployed for a 12-month tour in Iraq, serving as a specialist with the Medical Company, 29th Support Battalion, 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team.^[48][49][50] In Iraq, Gabbard served at Logistical Support Area Anaconda, completing her tour in 2005.^[51][52]

In March 2007, she graduated from the Accelerated Officer Candidate School at the Alabama Military Academy. Gabbard was the first woman to finish as the Distinguished Honor graduate in the Academy's 50-year history.^{[35][41][53][54]} She was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the 29th Brigade Special Troops Battalion, 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the Hawaii Army National Guard, this time to serve as an Army Military Police officer.^[55][56][57] She was deployed to Kuwait from 2008 to 2009.^[52][58][59]

Gabbard is a recipient of the Combat Medical Badge and the Meritorious Service Medal.^[60][61] On October 12, 2015, she was promoted from captain to major at a ceremony at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific^[62][63] She continues to serve as a major in the Hawaii Army National Guard.^[64]

On August 7, 2018, the Honolulu Star-Advertiser reported that the Hawaii Army National Guard had instructed Gabbard that a video of her in uniform on her VoteTulsi Facebook page did not comply with military ethics rules. Gabbard's campaign removed the video and added a disclaimer to the website's banner image of Gabbard in uniform in a veterans' cemetery that the image does not imply an endorsement from the military. A similar situation had happened during a previous Gabbard congressional campaign. A spokeswoman for Gabbard said the campaign would work closely with the Department of Defense to ensure compliance with all regulations.^[65]

Political career

Hawaii House of Representatives (2002–2004)

In 2002, after redistricting, Gabbard won the four-candidate Democratic primary with a plurality of 48% of the vote.^[66] Gabbard then defeated Republican Alfonso Jimenez in the general election, 65%–35%.^[66] At the age of 21, Gabbard became the youngest legislator ever elected in Hawaii's history and was at the time the youngest woman ever elected to a U.S. state legislature.^[35][36]

During her term of office, Gabbard successfully led opposition to, and protests of, a state bill that would have legalized same-sex civil unions^[67][68] and urged Hawaiians to support the Federal Marriage Amendment to prevent federal law from overriding state law with regard to same-sex marriage.^[69]

In 2004, Gabbard filed for reelection but then volunteered for Army National Guard service in Iraq. Rida Cabanilla, who filed to run against her, called on Gabbard to resign because she would not be able to represent her district from Iraq.^[70] Gabbard announced in August 2004 that she would not campaign for a second term,^[37] and Cabanilla won the Democratic primary, 64%–25%.^[38] State law prevented the removal of Gabbard's name from the ballot.^[71]

Honolulu City Council (2011–2012)

After returning home from her second deployment to the Middle East in 2009, Gabbard ran for a seat on the Honolulu City Council vacated by City Councilman Rod Tam, of the 6th district, who decided to retire in order to run for mayor of Honolulu.^[72] In the 10-candidate nonpartisan open primary in September 2010, Gabbard finished first with 33% of the vote.^[73] In the November 2 runoff election she defeated Sesnita Moepono, 58%–42%.^[74]

Gabbard introduced a measure to help food truck vendors by loosening parking restrictions.^[75] She also introduced Bill 54, a measure that authorized city workers to confiscate personal belongings stored on public property with 24 hours' notice to its owner.^[76][77] After overcoming opposition from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)^[78] and Occupy Hawai'i,^[79] Bill 54 passed and became City Ordinance 1129.

On April 30, 2011, Gabbard informed her constituents that she was resuming the use of her maiden name and that there would be no cost to city taxpayers for reprinting City Council materials containing her name.^[80]

United States House of Representatives (2013–present)

2012 election

In early 2011, Mazie Hirono, the incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district, announced that she would run for the United States Senate. In May 2011, Gabbard announced her candidacy for Hirono's House seat.^[81] She was endorsed by the Sierra Club,^[82] Emily's List,^{[citation needed]} and VoteVets.org.^[83] The Democratic Mayor of Honolulu, Mufi Hannemann, was the best-known candidate in the six-way primary, but Gabbard won with 62,882 votes (55%); the Honolulu Star-Advertiser called her win an "improbable rise from a distant underdog to victory."^[84] Gabbard resigned from the City Council on August 16 to focus on her congressional campaign^[85] and to prevent the cost of holding a special election.^[86][87]

As the Democratic nominee, Gabbard spoke at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina at the invitation of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, who called Gabbard "an emerging star."^[88][89] Gabbard credited grassroots support for her come-from-behind win in the primary.^[90] She won the November 6, 2012, general election, defeating Republican Kawika Crowley by 168,503 to 40,707 votes (80.6%–19.4%),^[91] becoming the first Samoan-American^[92] and first Hindu member of Congress.^[93][94]

In December 2012, Gabbard applied to be considered for appointment to the U.S. Senate seat vacated by the death of Daniel Inouye,^[95] but despite support from prominent mainland Democrats,^[96][97] she was not among the three candidates the Democratic Party of Hawaii selected.^[98]

In March 2013, Gabbard introduced the Helping Heroes Fly Act, seeking to improve airport security screenings for severely wounded veterans. It passed Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama.^{[99][100][101]} She also led an effort to pass legislation to assist victims of military sexual trauma.^{[102][103][104]}

Second term (114th Congress)

Gabbard was reelected on November 8, 2014, defeating Crowley again, by 142,010 to 33,630 votes (78.7%–18.6%); Libertarian candidate Joe Kent garnered 4,693 votes (2.6%).^[105]

Along with Senator Hirono, Gabbard introduced a bill to award Filipino and Filipino American veterans who fought in World War II the Congressional Gold Medal.^[106] The bill passed Congress^[107] and was signed into law by Obama in December 2016.^[108]

Gabbard also introduced Talia's Law, to prevent child abuse and neglect on military bases. It was passed by Congress and signed into law by Obama in December 2016.^{[109][110][111]}

Third term (115th Congress)

Gabbard was reelected on November 8, 2016, defeating Republican nominee Angela Kaaihue by 170,848 to 39,668 votes (81.2%–18.8%).^[112]

In 2017, Gabbard introduced the "Off Fossil Fuels (OFF) Act", which set a target of 2035 for transitioning the United States to renewable energy. It was endorsed by Food and Water Watch.^[113]

In 2018, Gabbard introduced the "Securing America's Election Act", a bill to require all districts to use paper ballots, yielding an auditable paper trail in the event of a recount. Common Cause endorsed the bill.^[114]

Fourth term (116th Congress)

Gabbard was reelected in November 2018,^[115] defeating Republican nominee Brian Evans by 153,271 to 44,850 votes (77.4%–22.6%).

In March 2019, Attorney General William Barr asserted in his summary of the Mueller Report that the Special Counsel investigation had failed to find that members of Trump's 2016 campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government. In response, Gabbard commented that "finding the president of the United States not guilty of conspiring with a foreign power to interfere with our elections is a good thing for America." She subsequently reintroduced her election security bill, arguing that it would make foreign interference less likely in 2020.^[116]

In September 2018, Gabbard and Representative Walter Jones (R-NC) co-sponsored the No More Presidential Wars Act, an effort to "reclaim the responsibility Congress has to be the body that declares war, to end these presidential wars that are being fought without the authorization of Congress."^[117]

On October 25, 2019, Gabbard announced that she would not seek reelection to the House in 2020, citing her presidential campaign.^[118][119] Hawaii State Senator Kai Kahele had been challenging her for the Congressional seat. Kahele and the co-chair of his campaign, former Hawaii governor Neil Abercrombie ^[120] criticized her for missing votes while campaigning for president, especially the vote on Syria; however, her absences were similar to other members of Congress running for president.^[121][122]

Committee assignments

• Committee on Homeland Security (2013–2014)
  • Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security^{[123][124][125]}
• Committee on Armed Services (2013–)
  • Subcommittee on Readiness
  • Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
• Committee on Foreign Affairs (2013–2019)
  • Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific
  • Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa
• Committee on Financial Services (2019–)
  • Subcommittee on National Security, International Development and Monetary Policy
  • Subcommittee on Diversity and Inclusion

Caucus membership

• Congressional Progressive Caucus^[126]
• Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus^[127]
• Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus^[128]
• Medicare for All Caucus^[129][130]
• U.S.-Japan Caucus^[131]

Democratic National Committee

On January 22, 2013, Gabbard was unanimously elected to a four-year term as vice chair of the Democratic National Committee.^[132] In September 2015 she criticized chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz's decision to hold only six debates during the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, compared with 26 in 2008 and 15 in 2004,^[133][134] and to exclude from those debates candidates who participated in non-DNC-sanctioned debates: "[This decision] limits the ability of the American people to benefit from a strong, transparent, vigorous debate between our presidential candidates, as they make the important decision of who will be our Democratic presidential nominee. We are the party that represents democratic principles, openness and transparency and ensuring that all people regardless of who they are or where they are from, have a level playing field and equal opportunity. By limiting Democratic debates to just six, more people will feel excluded from our political process, rather than included.”^[135] Along with Minneapolis mayor R. T. Rybak and two candidates, Gabbard called for more debates, appearing on multiple news outlets to express her dissatisfaction with the reduction in the number.

As a consequence, Gabbard was reported to have been either "disinvited" or asked to "consider not coming" to the Democratic debate in Las Vegas^[136]. In a phone interview with the New York Times, she spoke of the unhealthy atmosphere and the feeling that she had "checked [her free speech] at the door" in taking the job.^[137] Gabbard privately wrote to Wasserman Schultz, accusing her of violating the DNC's duty of neutrality by favoring Hillary Clinton. This letter later became public in leaked emails published by WikiLeaks.^[138][139]

Gabbard resigned as DNC vice chair on February 28, 2016, in order to endorse Senator Bernie Sanders for the nomination,^[140] saying, "There is a clear contrast between our two candidates with regard to my strong belief that we must end the interventionist, regime change policies that have cost us so much."^[141] She was the first congresswoman to endorse Sanders^[141] and later gave the nominating speech putting his name forward at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.^[142]

In July 2016, Gabbard launched a petition to end the Democratic Party's process of appointing superdelegates in the nomination process.^[143] She endorsed Keith Ellison for DNC chair in the 2017 chairmanship elections.^[144]

Gabbard was assigned as Bernie Sanders's running mate in California for any write-in votes for Sanders.^[145] Shortly after the election, she was mentioned as a possible presidential candidate for 2020.^[146][147]

2020 presidential campaign

On February 2, 2019, Gabbard officially launched her 2020 presidential campaign, saying that it was in the "spirit of service above self" that she announced her candidacy.^[148] CNN described her foreign policy platform as anti-interventionalist and her economic platform as populist.^[148]

Gabbard was the most frequently Googled candidate after the first, second, and fourth 2020 Democratic debates.^{[149][150][151]} In the second debate, she assailed Senator Kamala Harris over her record as a prosecutor, saying Harris owed an apology to the people who "suffered under your reign."^[152] In the fourth debate, Gabbard accused hosts CNN and The New York Times of attacking her, saying, "Just two days ago, The New York Times put out an article saying that I'm a Russian asset and an Assad apologist and all these different smears. This morning, a CNN commentator said on national television that I'm an asset of Russia. Completely despicable."^[153] Gabbard said the "smears" against her stemmed from her opposition to "regime change war" in Syria.^{[151][154][155]}

Gabbard did not meet the polling threshold for the third presidential debate in time for the August 28 deadline. The following day, she criticized DNC's qualification criteria, saying that the DNC process of developing those criteria lacked transparency.^[156] On September 24, Gabbard qualified for the fourth debate in Ohio in October 2019 after gaining her fourth qualifying poll.^[157] In October, Gabbard accused the media and the Democratic party of "rigging" the 2020 election, and briefly threatened to boycott the fourth debate.^[155][158] On October 14, she announced in a letter to supporters that she would attend the debate.^[159]

On October 18, 2019, Hillary Clinton was reported to have said that Russia was "grooming" a female Democrat to run as a third-party candidate who would help President Trump win reelection via a spoiler effect. She said that, along with Jill Stein, "she is also a Russian asset".^[160][161] The media understood Clinton to be referring to Gabbard, which Clinton spokesperson Nick Merril seemed to confirm to CNN, saying "If the nesting doll fits"; however, Gabbard has repeatedly said she will not run as a third-party candidate in 2020.^{[162][163][161]} Later the same day, Gabbard responded to Clinton by tweet, calling her "queen of warmongers, embodiment of corruption, and personification of the rot that has sickened the Democratic Party for so long", and saying that Clinton is responsible for what Gabbard called a "concerted campaign to destroy [her] reputation".^[164] Fellow 2020 Democratic presidential candidates Andrew Yang,^[165] Marianne Williamson,^[166] Beto O'Rourke,^[167] Pete Buttigieg,^[168] John Delaney,^[169] Bernie Sanders,^[170] as well as President Trump^[171][172] and Nina Turner^[173][174] defended Gabbard and criticized Clinton's remarks. About a week after the initial reports, some mainstream media outlets changed their reporting to say it was not Russians but Republicans who Clinton thought were doing the grooming.^[175] CNN reported in early November that after Clinton called Gabbard "a favorite of the Russians", Gabbard's poll numbers rose by at least two percentage points, making her eligible for the upcoming debate.^[176] On November 11, lawyers for Gabbard accused Hillary Clinton of defamation and demanded she verbally retract her remarks. The lawyers wrote, "This Republicans-not-Russians spin developed only after you realized the defamatory nature of your statement, and therefore your legal liability, as well as the full extent of the public backlash against your statement."^[177]

On October 25, 2019, Gabbard announced that she would not seek re-election to her house seat in 2020 in order to focus on her presidential campaign.^[178]

Political positions

Gabbard's political positions are broadly similar to those of other 2020 Democratic primary contenders on healthcare, climate, education, infrastructure, and criminal justice reform. But she has distinguishable positions on issues ranging from Democratic Party internal politics to foreign affairs.

For Gabbard, foreign and domestic policy are inseparable. She criticizes what she terms the "neoliberal/neoconservative war machine", which pushes for US involvement in "wasteful foreign wars". She has said that the money spent on war should be redirected to serve health care, infrastructure, and other domestic priorities. Nevertheless, she describes herself as both a hawk and a dove: "When it comes to the war against terrorists, I'm a hawk", but "when it comes to counterproductive wars of regime change, I'm a dove."^{[179][180][49][181][182][183]}

Criminal justice reform

Gabbard has been outspoken against a "broken criminal justice system" that puts "people in prison for smoking marijuana" while allowing pharmaceutical corporations responsible for "opioid-related deaths of thousands to walk away scot-free with their coffers full".^[184] Gabbard has stated that as president she would "end the failed war on drugs, legalize marijuana, end cash bail, and ban private prisons".^[185] Bills she has introduced include the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act and the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act.^[186][187]

Environment

Gabbard protested the construction of the final leg of the Dakota Access Pipeline in 2016.^[188][189]

Gabbard has spoken in favor of a Green New Deal but expressed concerns about vagueness in some proposed versions of the legislation^[190] and its inclusion of nuclear energy.^[191] She advocates her own Off Fossil Fuels for a Better Future Act (“OFF Act”) as legislation to transition the United States to clean renewable energy.^[192][193]

Foreign affairs

In 2017, Gabbard had an unplanned meeting with Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, and expressed skepticism about Assad's use of chemical weapons against civilians, saying "a successful prosecution of Assad (at the International Criminal Court) w[ould] require collection of evidence from the scene of the incident" and that she "support[ed] the United Nations’ efforts in this regard".^[194][195] In a 2018 interview with The Nation, Gabbard said the United States had "been waging a regime change war in Syria since 2011. Central to that war to overthrow the Syrian government of Assad, the U.S., along with its allies Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Qatar, has been providing direct and indirect support to terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda".^[196] Gabbard has called Assad "… a brutal dictator. Just like Saddam Hussein. Just like Gadhafi in Libya. … The reason that I'm so outspoken on this issue of ending these wasteful regime-change wars is because I have seen firsthand this high human cost of war and the impact that it has on my fellow brothers and sisters in uniform. I will do anything and everything that I possibly can to stop sending our men and women in uniform into harm's way, fighting in these wasteful, counterproductive wars."^[197]

Gabbard also criticized the Obama Administration for "refusing" to say that "Islamic extremists" are waging a war against the United States.^[198] On December 20, 2019, the Stop Arming Terrorists Act that she introduced in 2017 was incorporated into the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 to prohibit the Department of Defense from "knowingly provid[ing] weapons or any other form of support to Al Qaeda" and other terrorist groups.

Gabbard was a five-year "term member"^[199] of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR).^[200][201] When asked about her involvement in it, she said that while many in CFR did not share her worldview, “If we only sit in rooms with people who we agree with, then we won’t be able to bring about the kind of change that we need to see.”^[202]

Healthcare and GMO labeling

Gabbard supports a national healthcare insurance program that covers uninsured as well as under-insured people^[203] and allows supplemental but not duplicative private insurance.^[193] She has called for addressing the national nursing shortage^[204] and supports clear GMO labeling,^[205][206] voting in 2016 against a GMO-labeling bill she said was too weak.^[207]

Impeachment of Donald Trump

Gabbard voted "present" when the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Trump in December 2019. In two video messages^[208][209] and a press release she cited The Federalist Papers essay No. 69^[210] and described her vote as a protest against "a political zero-sum game", saying, "I could not in good conscience vote against impeachment because I believe President Trump is guilty of wrongdoing. I could not in good conscience vote for impeachment because removal of a sitting president must not be the culmination of a partisan process, fueled by tribal animosities that have so gravely divided our country."^[211][212] Gabbard introduced H. Res. 766,^[213][214] which would censure Trump for several of his foreign policy decisions and "send a strong message to this president and future presidents that their abuses of power will not go unchecked, while leaving the question of removing Trump from office to the voters to decide."^[215] A week later Gabbard said she had serious concern that the impeachment would increase the likelihood that her party would lose the presidential election and its majority in the House of Representatives.^[216]

LGBT rights

Gabbard joined the House LGBT Equality Caucus in 2019,^[217] and received a 100% rating in her fourth term (improving from 88% and 92% in her previous two terms) for pro-LGBT legislation from the Human Rights Campaign, a group that advocates for LGBT rights.^[218] Her position on LGBT issues has changed over her lifetime. In 1998, at age 17, she campaigned for an anti-gay rights organization her father founded. She continued to oppose gay rights after becoming a state representative, testifying at a Hawaii legislative hearing in opposition to civil unions.^[219][220] Since then, Gabbard has apologized for her previous stances, and has said that her views were changed by her experience in the military "with LGBTQ service members both here at home and while deployed"^[221] as well as seeing "the destructive effect of having governments … act as moral arbiters for their people."^[219]

Personal life

Gabbard's first name comes from the Sanskrit word for Holy Basil, a plant sacred in Hinduism.^[222] Her siblings also have Hindu Sanskrit-origin names.^[18]

Gabbard was raised in part on the teachings of the Science of Identity Foundation (SIF) religious community and its spiritual leader, Chris Butler.^{[223][224][49]} Gabbard has said Butler's work still guides her,^[223] and in 2015 Gabbard referred to Butler as her spiritual master.^[26][225] Gabbard's husband and ex-husband have also been part of the community.^[225] Gabbard has been reluctant to speak publicly about the SIF.^[49]

She is vegan^[226] and, as a Hindu, follows Gaudiya Vaishnavism,^[25] a religious movement founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the 16th century. Gabbard describes herself as a karma yogi.^[227] She values the Bhagavad Gita as a spiritual guide,^[228] and used it when she took the oath of office in 2013.^[229] Gabbard has said that she is pleased that her election gives hope to young American Hindus who "can be open about their faith, and even run for office, without fear of being discriminated against or attacked because of their religion".^[230]

In 2002, Gabbard married Eduardo Tamayo.^[80][231] They divorced in 2006. She cites "the stresses war places on military spouses and families" as a reason for their divorce.^[232]

In 2015, Gabbard married freelance cinematographer and editor Abraham Williams, the son of Gabbard's office manager, in a traditional Vedic wedding ceremony, wearing blue silk.^{[26][233][234]}

Awards and honors

On November 25, 2013, Gabbard received the John F. Kennedy New Frontier Award at a ceremony at the Institute of Politics at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government for her efforts on behalf of veterans.^[235]

On March 26, 2014, Elle honored Gabbard, with others, at the Italian Embassy in the United States during its annual "Women in Washington Power List."^[236]

On July 15, 2015, Gabbard received the Friend of the National Parks Award from the National Parks Conservation Association.^[237]

See also

• List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress
• Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

External links

• Tulsi 2020 official presidential campaign website
• Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard official U.S. House website
• Tulsi Gabbard on the issues – TulsiGabbard.org
• Tulsi Gabbard for Congress
• Tulsi Gabbard at Curlie

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
• Profile at Vote Smart
• Tulsi Gabbard Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
• Tulsi Gabbard Marriage Tulsi Gabbard's marriage in Vedic tradition