Tourism in India is economically important and is growing rapidly. India received 23.3 million foreign and domestic tourists in 2016.^[1] The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹14.02 lakh crore (US$180 billion) or 9.6% of the nation's GDP in 2016 and supported 40.343 million jobs, 9.3% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 6.8% to ₹28.49 lakh crore (US$360 billion) by 2027 (10% of GDP).^[2] In October 2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion. It is projected to grow to $7–8 billion by 2020.^[3] In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients traveled to India to seek medical treatment.^[4]

About 10.2 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2017 compared to 8.89 million in 2016, recording a growth of 15.9%.^[5][6][7][8] Domestic tourist visits to all states and Union Territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an increase of 16.5% from 2011.^[9] In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists.^[10] Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur have been the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2015. Worldwide, Delhi is ranked at 28 by the number of foreign tourist arrivals, while Mumbai is ranked at 30, Chennai at 43, Agra at 45, Jaipur at 52 and Kolkata at 90.^[11]

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks India 40th out of 136 countries overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 10th out of 136 countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport (ranked 32nd), particularly given the country’s stage of development, and reasonable ground transport infrastructure (ranked 29th). The country also scores high on natural and cultural resources (ranked 9th).^[12] Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however. The nation has very few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration.^[13] The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.^[14]

The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism.^[15] The Ministry also maintains the Incredible India campaign focused on promoting tourism.

Despite the rich cultural and natural heritage which India possesses, the security issues and crime — especially against female visitors, form a persisting trouble that has plagued the Indian tourism industry.^[16][17][18]

Visa policy of India

India requires citizens of most countries to have a valid passport and apply for a visa at their local Indian embassy or consulate, before they travel. They can apply directly by mail or in person, or through their local travel services company. India has recently implemented an online method for citizens of 40 countries to apply and receive an e-Tourist Visa.^[19] Nationals of Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal do not require a visa. Citizens of Afghanistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, DPR Korea, Jamaica, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Nepal, South Africa and Uruguay are not required to pay a fee when obtaining Indian visa.^[20]

A Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required to enter the states of Nagaland and Sikkim and some parts of the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal. A Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required to enter the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Special permits are needed to enter Lakshadweep Islands.^[21]

e-Tourist Visa

In order to boost tourism,^[22] the Indian Government implemented a new visa policy in November 2014 that allows visitors to obtain a visa on arrival at 16 designated international airports by acquiring an Electronic Travel Authorisation online before arrival without having to visit an Indian consulate or visa centre.^[23] As a result, 56,477 tourists arrived on an e-Tourist Visa during the October 2015 compared to 2,705 during October 2014, an increase of 1987.9%. During January–October 2015 a total of 2,58,182 tourists arrived on an e-Tourist Visa as compared with 21,995 during January–October 2014, an increase of 1073.8%.^[24]

On 27 November 2014, India introduced its visa on arrival enabled by ETA facility for tourists and business visitors, to citizens of following countries – Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cook Islands, Djibouti, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Myanmar, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Norway, Oman, Palau, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, UAE, Ukraine, USA, Vanuatu and Vietnam.^[19] The facility was extended to China, Macau and Hong Kong on 30 July 2015.^[25] The facility was further extended to citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Belgium, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, East Timor, Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, Jamaica, Malta, Malaysia, Mongolia, Monaco, Mozambique, the Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Seychelles, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Turks and Caicos Islands, the United Kingdom, Uruguay and Venezuela on 15 August 2015.^[26]

The visa on arrival requires a tourist to apply online on a secure Government of India website, at least 4 to 30 days before the date of travel. If approved, the passenger must print and carry the approved visa with the travel documents. The visa allows holders of Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) to enter and stay anywhere in India for 30 days. The ETA can be obtained twice in a single calendar year.^[19] The visa on arrival facility is expected to be expanded to about 180 countries over time. In April 2015 the scheme was renamed to e-Tourist Visa in order to avoid confusion.^[27]

Statistics

Foreign tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings

Foreign tourist arrivals by source country

Source countries for foreign tourist arrivals in India in 2016^[28]

Rank	Country	Number	Share in %
1	Bangladesh	1,380,409	15.68
2	United States	1,296,939	14.73
3	United Kingdom	941,883	10.7
4	Canada	317,239	3.6
5	Malaysia	301,961	3.43
6	Sri Lanka	297,418	3.38
7	Australia	293,625	3.33
8	Germany	265,928	3.02
9	China	251,313	2.85
10	France	238,707	2.71
Total of top 10		5,585,422	63.43
Other countries		3,218,989	36.57
Grand total		8,804,411	100

Foreign and domestic tourist visits by State

World Heritage Sites

There are 36 World Heritage Sites in India that are recognised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as of August 2017.^[30][31] These are places of importance of cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.^[32]

Template:World Heritage Sites in India map

Challenges to the tourism industry

Security issues and crime, especially against women, remain a major challenge that stained the reputation of Indian tourism industry in recent years. It is widely considered to be dangerous for a woman to travel alone in India, as they are prone for harassment, rape^[18] or being murdered. Several cases of foreign women visitors being harassed, raped and even murdered have caught international attention, such as the case of British teenager Scarlett Keeling who was raped and murdered in the Indian state of Goa in 2008.^[16] In 2015, China and Japan have issued travel warnings for female travellers not to travel to India, even as a group, unless it is absolutely necessary.^[17]

As a reaction to the poor security for women, India's tourism minister, Mahesh Sharma, has advised foreign women not to wear skirts in public or walk alone at night in the country's small towns and cities.^[33] This statement garnered criticism, with Ira Trivedi writing in an open letter to the minister that not all parts of India are unsafe and that the government should be working to ensure women's safety instead of victim blaming.^[34]

Gallery

• 
  Houseboat in Kerala backwaters
• 
  Candolim beach in Goa
• 
  Munshi Ghat in Varanasi
• 
  Udaipur's City Palace
• 
  Palitana
• 
  Kailasa Temple at Ellora
• 
  Elephanta Caves
• 
  Chaturbhuj Temple
• 
  Jal Mandir at Shikharji
• 
  Radhanagar Beach
• 
  Stone chariot in Hampi
• 
  Gommateshwara
• 
  Bengal tiger in Sundarbans
• 
  Sanchi Stupa
• 
  Chaturmukha Jain Temple
• 
  Dilwara Temples
• 
  Lotus Temple in Delhi
• 
  Heritage train in Darjeeling
• 
  Mysore Palace illuminated at night
• 
  Tso Moriri in Ladakh
• 
  Mahabodhi
• 
  Konark Sun Temple
• 
  1000 Pillar Temple
• 
  Morgan House, Kalimpong.
• 
  Golden Temple, Amritsar.

Further reading

• Gupta, S. P., and Krishna Lal. 1974. Tourism, museums, and monuments in India. Delhi: Oriental Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?id=YNC1AAAAIAAJ.

Outline of Tourism in India

References

External links

• Tourism Help Line
• Telangana Tourism, Government of India
• India travel and tourism at Curlie
• Ministry of Tourism, India
• Visa on Arrival, Government of India
• Bradnock, Roma (2004). Footprint India Footprint Travel Guides, Bath, UK. ISBN 1-904777-00-7.
• DeBruyn, Pippa; Bain, Keith; Venkatraman, Niloufer (2010). Frommer's India.
• "India in One, Two or Three Weeks". The New York Times. 23 March 2012.