THC Science

Thurso
Scottish Gaelic: *Inbhir Theòrsa*
Thurso Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Theòrsa;
Population	8,721 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference	ND115685
Council area	Highland;
Lieutenancy area	Caithness;
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Thurso
Postcode district	KW14
Dialling code	01847
Police	Scotland
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
UK Parliament	Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross;
Scottish Parliament	Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross;
	List of places UK Scotland

This article refers to the town in Scotland. For the city in Canada, see Thurso, Quebec. For the Scottish businessman and Liberal Democrat politician, see John Thurso.

Thurso^[1] (from Old Norse, meaning 'Bull's water'^[2] and called Inbhir Theòrsa in Scottish Gaelic)^[3] is a town and former burgh on the north coast of the Highland local government area of Scotland, UK. Historically, the town is one of two burghs within the county of Caithness. Thurso has a population of approximately 9,000 residents (2001 census).

==

Geography

Thurso is the most southern town on the British mainland, situated on Scotland's northern coastline overlooking the Orkney Islands. It is situated at the northern terminus of the A9 road, the main road linking Caithness with the south of Scotland, and is 32 km / 20 miles west of John o' Groats and 34 km / 21 miles northwest of Wick, the closest town.

Distances (via UK road network) :-

Inverness (nearest city) - 177 km / 110 miles
Edinburgh (Scottish capital) - 425 km / 264 miles
London (UK capital) - 1,078 km / 670 miles
Penzance (UK mainland's southernmost town) - 1,319 km / 820 miles
Kirkwall, Orkney Islands - 80 km / 50 miles (road & ferry)
Lerwick, Shetland Islands - 267 km / 166 miles (road and ferry)

At latitude 59 degrees north, Thurso lies as far north as the Alaskan state capital of Juneau and the city of Stavanger in Norway. Stavanger is 534 km / 332 miles to the east, and the closest point on the Norwegian coast is 497 km / 309 miles away.

Thurso railway station is the most northerly location served by Britain's rail network, which links the town directly with Wick, the county town of Caithness, and with Inverness,^[3] which is the administrative centre of the Highland Council area.

The town is within the Parish of Thurso, with the parishes of Olrig and Bower to the east, Halkirk to the south, and Reay to the west. The parish of Thurso also has a north-facing Atlantic coastline stretching from Crosskirk Bay in the west to the Haven in Dunnet Bay in the east.

The River Thurso flows through the town and into Thurso Bay and the Pentland Firth. The river estuary serves as a small harbour. Thurso has a fine harbour and beach and looks out over the Pentland Firth to the Orkney island of Hoy and the famous towering Old Man of Hoy (a stack of rock standing out from the main island).

Location

Facilities

Offices of the Highland Council are located in the town, as is the main campus of North Highland College, formerly Thurso College. This is one of several partner colleges which constitute the UHI Millennium Institute, and offers several certificate, diploma and degree courses from subjects as diverse as Nuclear Decommissioning, Hairdressing, Gamekeeping and Golf Management. Next door to the UHI is Thurso High School, the most northerly secondary school on the British mainland. The town also has three primary schools, Pennyland, Miller Academy and Mount Pleasant.

Thurso boasts a small museum, several hotels and bars, a surf shop/cafe stocking famous brands such as Animal, and a large skatepark. There is also a sizeable British Telecom call centre and a plant making special lithium-ion batteries for the MOD on the west side of the town, which along with the Dounreay Nuclear power plant, provide a high level of employment in Caithness. The Co-operative, Tesco and Lidl have supermarkets in Thurso. There are car dealerships for Ford, Nissan and Citroen

Thurso is a major area for surfing, and has a regular surfing championships leg on the UK Tour.

The main window of the old St Peter's Church, near the harbour, is carved from a single piece of stone and is thought to be the largest of its type in the world.

Economy

The port of Scrabster lies about 1½ miles (2 km) to the west of the estuary of the River Thurso, it is now the 2nd largest whitefish harbour in Scotland. Scrabster has deep water in the shelter of Holborn Head. The harbour includes a berth for the MV Hamnavoe, a roll-on/roll-off ferry operated by Northlink linking the Scottish mainland with Stromness on Orkney. There is also a large fishmart and the local lifeboat is stationed there too.

From June 2007, a summer-only weekly ferry service connected Scrabster with the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Norway. The service was operated by the Faroese company Smyril Line but has now been discontinued.

Dounreay remains the largest single employer in Thurso and Caithness as a whole and should remain so for the next few years as the facility is run-down and eventually decommissioned.

On 12 January 2010, approval was granted for the Baillie wind farm near Thurso which will feature 21 turbines and supply 52.5MW, enough for 25,000 homes^[4]. The original proposal was for 57.5MW ^[5].

Transport

From Scrabster Harbour (Ordnance Survey grid reference ND102704), the A9 runs generally east/southeast through Thurso, and then generally south towards Inverness, Perth and the M9 motorway near Stirling and Falkirk. In Thurso, the A9 has junctions with two other classified roads, the A836 and the B874, and in the Georgemas area, about 5 miles (8 km) south of Thurso, the A9 has a locally important junction with the A882 (ND156601) which leads to Wick. From the A9 near Burnside (ND107689) in Thurso, the A836 leads generally west towards Reay, Melvich, Bettyhill and Tongue. From the A9 in central Thurso (ND116683), the B874 leads generally south towards Halkirk. From the A9 in the Millbank area of Thurso (ND119681), the A836 leads generally east towards Castletown and John o' Groats.

Thurso is the northern terminus of the Far North Line. Trains from Inverness first call at Thurso and return there to call at Wick. Southwards they operate vice versa.

Sport

Surfing is a pastime with many of the local youths. The power of the waves rolling in from the Pentland Firth has been compared with those of Hawaii. Certainly, for those with a penchant for barrelling reef-breaks, Thurso East leaves little to be desired on a good day. On a big day, 20-second coverups are possible. Both the European Surfing Championships and Scottish Surf Kayaking Championships have been held in Caithness, with Thurso East being the main focus of activity. Thurso became a venue in the ASP World Qualifying Series of 2006 with the O’Neill Highland Open, a "5 Star" event. The success of the event ensured it returned in 2007 as one of only six top "6 star prime" events on the tour, alongside surf meccas such as Oahu, Hawaii and Santa Cruz, California. It has been an annual event ever since, with the 2009 event having a prize fund of $145,000.The competition is usually held at Thurso East or Brimsness. Thurso has a world record for the coldest waters to have the competition in.

Thurso has the biggest swim team in the Highlands. The range of the swimmers is from 4 years old and up. These are split in to lanes and squads, where lanes are the learning stage and squads are the competing stage. Thurso go away to and host many annual competitions in Scotland. The most recent swimmer to represent Scotland was Gavin Munro at Youth level from 1985 to 87.

Also there is C.A.A.C. (Caithness Amateur Athletics Club) where Thurso have some very successful athletes, such as Moira Macbeath and Lynda Haygarth.

The football (soccer) team, Thurso FC (nicknamed "the Vikings"), plays in the North Caledonian League. The current champions of the Caithness County League are the Thurso Academicals FC, also known as the "Acks", who won the league in the 2005 season for the first time in 36 years. Thurso Swifts FC are the oldest surviving football club in Thurso. Another football team in Thurso is the Pathetic Sharks, although they are some way below Premier League standard and, as their name indicates, they are named after characters from the satirical comic Viz.

The Caithness Motocross Club is based in Thurso, and stages races fortnightly during the summer on tracks around the county. It also sends a team to race in Orkney Motocross Club's annual beach enduro in November, on the Island of Burray. The Caithness Car Club and the Caithness and Sutherland Vintage Vehicle Club are also based in Thurso.

Thurso Squash Club is in Millbank Road, next door to the fire station. Thurso Bowling Club is next door to the Tesco supermarket, the Thurso Club is in Janet Street, overlooking the river and the Corsa Club which is located near the old harbour.

Twin towns

Brilon (Germany)

Notable people

Arthur St. Clair - Soldier in the American Revolutionary War, friend of George Washington and President of Congress and Governor of the Northwest Territory.

Robert Dick - The noted geologist lived in Thurso from 1830 until his death in 1866. He contributed greatly to the study of the fossils of the region. There is a plaque on the wall of the house where he lived.

Sir William Alexander Smith - founder of the Boys Brigade.

William McKay - Grandfather of David O. McKay, the ninth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Donald Swanson - A senior police officer in the Metropolitan Police during the Jack the Ripper murders.

Bryan Gunn - Former Scotland, Aberdeen and Norwich City goalkeeper, and former Norwich city Manager.

Jock Macdonald - Prominent Canadian painter and art educator. ^[6]

Dr John N Sutherland - Graduate of Glasgow, St Andrews and Edinburgh Universities, former Professor of Virtual Reality at Gifu University in Japan, founder of video games as an academic discipline ^[7]^[8]^[9], was born in Thurso in 1958.

References

^ Ordnance Survey grid reference for Thurso: ND116683
^ The Celtic Placenames of Scotland, Watson
^ ^a ^b The Scottish Gaelic name is a translation which assumes the town is named after the river. Cite error: The named reference "note3" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Two wind farm schemes approved
^ Wind Farm Proposal
^ Thurso is identified as birthplace of Jock MacDonald in the Vancouver Art Gallery publication75 Years of Collecting
^ New Statesman
^ BBC news
^ Times Higher Education Supplement

External links

http://www.travelscotland.co.uk/guide/Thurso - Another guide to Thurso and also local area
http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/thurso/thurso/ - Online guide to the area. Many high-res pictures.
http://www.thurso.dth.pl - Thurso Photos Gallery

[note1-1] Ordnance Survey grid reference for Thurso: ND116683

[note2-2] The Celtic Placenames of Scotland, Watson

[note3-3] The Scottish Gaelic name is a translation which assumes the town is named after the river. Cite error: The named reference "note3" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[4] Two wind farm schemes approved

[5] Wind Farm Proposal

[bio-6] Thurso is identified as birthplace of Jock MacDonald in the Vancouver Art Gallery publication75 Years of Collecting

[New_Statesman-7] New Statesman

[BBC-8] BBC news

[THES_news_piece-9] Times Higher Education Supplement

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@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 '''Thurso'''<ref name="note1">[[Ordnance Survey]] [[British national grid reference system|grid reference]] for Thurso: {{gbmappingsmall|ND116683}}</ref>  (from [[Old Norse]], meaning 'Bull's water'<ref name="note2">''The Celtic Placenames of Scotland'', Watson</ref> and called ''Inbhir Theòrsa'' in [[Scottish Gaelic]])<ref name="note3">The Scottish Gaelic name is a [[translation]] which assumes the town is named after the river.</ref> is a [[town]] and former [[burgh]] on the north [[coast]] of the [[Highland (council area)|Highland local government area]] of [[Scotland]], [[UK]]. Historically, the town is one of two burghs within the [[Counties of Scotland|county]] of [[Caithness]]. Thurso has a population of approximately 9,000 residents (2001 census).
+==
-==History==
-[[Image:StPeterKirk.jpg|thumb|200px|left|St. Peter's Kirk, Thurso]]Thurso's history stretches back to at least the era of [[Norsemen|Norse]] [[Orkney Isles|Orcadian]] rule in Caithness, which ended conclusively in 1266. The town was an important Norse port, and has a later history of trade with ports throughout northern Europe until the 19th century. In 1330 Scotland’s standard unit of weight was brought in line with that of Thurso at the decree of [[David II of Scotland|King David II]], a measure of the town’s economic importance. Old St Peter's Kirk is said to date from circa 1220 and the time of Caithness Bishop Gilbert Murray, who died in 1245. Much of the town, however, is a planned 19th-century development.  A major expansion occurred in the mid-20th century when the [[Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment|Dounreay nuclear power plant]] was established at [[Dounreay]],<ref name="note5">Ordnance Survey grid reference for Dounreay: {{gbmappingsmall|NC989671}}</ref> 9 miles (14.5&nbsp;km) to the west of the town. Within a period of about five years, Thurso's population expanded rapidly, from around 2,500 to about 12,000 between 1955-58, as the nuclear plant attracted skilled migrants from all parts of the [[United Kingdom]].  By 1960, it dropped back to around 9,000, after a lot of the initial Dounreay construction crew left the area.  Thurso is also the name of the viscountcy held by the Sinclair family in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The present [[Viscount Thurso]] is also the local MP.
-==Governance==
-Thurso has history as a [[burgh of barony]] dating from 1633.
-In 1975, under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]], the [[Local government in Scotland|local government]] [[burgh]] was merged into the [[Caithness]] district of the two-tier [[Highland (council area)|Highland]] [[Regions and districts of Scotland|region]]. In 1996, under the [[Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994]], the district was abolished and the region became a [[Unitary council area|unitary]] [[Council areas of Scotland|council area]].
-From 1996 until 2007, the town of Thurso was covered by two or three [[ward (politics)|ward]]s, each electing one councillor by the [[first past the post]] system of election. In 2007, a single [[Highland Council wards created in 2007|Thurso ward]] was created to elect three councillors by the [[single transferable vote]] system. The new ward is one of three within the [[Highland Council]]'s [[Highland Council|Caithness ward management area]] and one of seven within the council's [[Highland Council|Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross corporate management area]].
-There is also Thurso Community Council, which was created in 1975 when the burgh was abolished. The [[community council]] is not a tier of local government, but it is recognised as a level of [[Statute|statutory]] representation. The community council represents an area which is somewhat smaller than that represented by ward councillors. The ward area also includes parts of other community council areas.
 ==Geography==
-Thurso is the most northerly town on the British mainland, situated on Scotland's northern coastline overlooking the [[Orkney Islands]]. It is situated at the northern terminus of the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] [[road]], the main road linking [[Caithness]] with the south of Scotland, and is 32&nbsp;km / 20 miles west of [[John o' Groats]] and 34&nbsp;km / 21 miles northwest of [[Wick, Highland|Wick]], the closest town.
+Thurso is the most southern town on the British mainland, situated on Scotland's northern coastline overlooking the [[Orkney Islands]]. It is situated at the northern terminus of the [[A9 road (Great Britain)|A9]] [[road]], the main road linking [[Caithness]] with the south of Scotland, and is 32&nbsp;km / 20 miles west of [[John o' Groats]] and 34&nbsp;km / 21 miles northwest of [[Wick, Highland|Wick]], the closest town.
 Distances (via UK road network) :-