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{{Navbox |
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| name = Jim Crow |
| name = Jim Crow Era |
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| style = wide |
| style = wide |
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| state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|collapsed}}}</includeonly>}}} |
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|collapsed}}}</includeonly>}}} |
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| group1 = Participants |
| group1 = Participants |
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| list1 = |
| list1 = |
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{{Navbox |
{{Navbox|subgroup |
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| groupwidth = 9.0em |
| groupwidth = 9.0em |
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| evenodd = swap |
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| group1 = {{longitem|Federal government}} |
| group1 = {{longitem|Federal government}} |
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| list1 = |
| list1 = |
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| Line 23: | Line 21: | ||
** [[Benjamin Harrison]] |
** [[Benjamin Harrison]] |
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** [[William McKinley]] |
** [[William McKinley]] |
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** [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
** [[Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore Roosevelt]] |
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** [[William Howard Taft]] |
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** [[Woodrow Wilson]] |
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** [[Presidency of Warren G. Harding|Warren G. Harding]] |
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** [[Calvin Coolidge]] |
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** [[Herbert Hoover]] |
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** [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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** [[Harry S. Truman]] |
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** [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] |
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** [[John F. Kennedy]] |
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** [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] |
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* Congress |
* Congress |
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** [[List of African-American United States |
** [[List of African-American United States senators|African-American senators]] |
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** [[List of African-American United States |
** [[List of African-American United States representatives#Late post-Reconstruction, Populist, and early Jim Crow era, 1887–1929|African-American representatives]] |
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** [[Henry Cabot Lodge]] |
** [[Henry Cabot Lodge]] |
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** [[William E. Chandler]] |
** [[William E. Chandler]] |
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| Line 38: | Line 45: | ||
** [[Joseph B. Foraker]] |
** [[Joseph B. Foraker]] |
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* US Supreme Court |
* US Supreme Court |
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** [[Waite Court]] (1874–88) |
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** [[Fuller Court]] (1888–1910) |
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** [[White Court (1910–1921)|White Court]] (1910–21) |
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** [[Taft Court]] (1921–30) |
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** [[Hughes Court]] (1930–41) |
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** [[Stone Court (1941–1946)|Stone Court]] (1941–46) |
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** [[Vinson Court]] (1946–53) |
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** [[Warren Court]] (1953-1969) |
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* Federal bureaucracy |
* Federal bureaucracy |
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** [[Home Owners' Loan Corporation]] |
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** [[National Labor Relations Board]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| group2 = {{longlink|State governments}} |
| group2 = {{longlink|State governments}} |
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| Line 91: | Line 109: | ||
| group3 = Others |
| group3 = Others |
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| list3 = |
| list3 = |
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* [[African |
* [[African Americans]] |
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* [[Ku Klux Klan]] |
* [[Ku Klux Klan]] |
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* [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] |
* [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] |
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| Line 108: | Line 126: | ||
| group2 = Timeline |
| group2 = Timeline |
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| list2 = |
| list2 = |
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{{Navbox |
{{Navbox|subgroup |
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| groupwidth = 9.0em |
| groupwidth = 9.0em |
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| Line 114: | Line 132: | ||
| list1 = |
| list1 = |
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* [[Reconstruction Era]] |
* [[Reconstruction Era]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Civil rights movement (1865–1896)]] |
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* [[Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era]] |
* [[Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Arkansas Civil Rights Act of 1868]] |
* [[Arkansas Civil Rights Act of 1868]] |
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* [[Tennessee State Constitution of 1870]] |
* [[Tennessee State Constitution of 1870]] |
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* [[Blyew v. United States |
* ''[[Blyew v. United States]]'' (1871) |
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* [[Chicot County massacre of 1871]] |
* [[Chicot County massacre of 1871]] |
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* [[Illinois School Laws of 1872]] |
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* [[Arkansas Civil Rights Act of 1873]] |
* [[Arkansas Civil Rights Act of 1873]] |
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* [[Illinois School Laws of 1874]] |
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* [[Vagrancy Law (Mississippi)]] (1876) |
* [[Vagrancy Law (Mississippi)]] (1876) |
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* [[Pig Law (Mississippi)]] (1876) |
* [[Pig Law (Mississippi)]] (1876) |
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* [[Ex parte Siebold |
* ''[[Ex parte Siebold]]'' (1879) |
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* [[Exodusters]] |
* [[Exodusters]] |
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| group2 = 1880–1889 |
| group2 = 1880–1889 |
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| list2 = |
| list2 = |
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* [[Strauder v. West Virginia |
* ''[[Strauder v. West Virginia]]'' (1880) |
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* [[Virginia v. Rives |
* ''[[Virginia v. Rives]]'' (1880) |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Neal v. Delaware |
* ''[[Neal v. Delaware]]'' (1881) |
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* [[Civil Rights Cases|''Civil Rights Cases'' (1883)]] |
|||
* [[ |
* ''[[Civil Rights Cases]]'' (1883) |
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* [[ |
* ''[[United States v. Harris]]'' (1883) |
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* [[ |
* [[Danville Massacre]] (1883) |
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* ''[[Pace v. Alabama]]'' (1883) |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Iowa Civil Rights Act of 1884]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Illinois Civil Rights Act of 1885]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Thibodaux massacre]] (1887) |
* [[Thibodaux massacre]] (1887) |
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* [[John M. Clayton (Arkansas)|Assassination of John M. Clayton]] (1888) |
* [[John M. Clayton (Arkansas politician)|Assassination of John M. Clayton]] (1888) |
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* [[Paragould race riots]] (1888–1908) |
* [[Paragould race riots]] (1888–1908) |
||
* [[Myers Law (Tennessee)]] (1889) |
* [[Myers Law (Tennessee)]] (1889) |
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* [[Lea Law (Tennessee)]] (1889) |
* [[Lea Law (Tennessee)]] (1889) |
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| Line 147: | Line 172: | ||
| group3 = 1890–1899 |
| group3 = 1890–1899 |
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| list3 = |
| list3 = |
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* [[Louisville, New Orleans, and Texas Railroad v. Mississippi |
* ''[[Louisville, New Orleans, and Texas Railroad v. Mississippi]]'' (1890) |
||
* [[Lodge Bill]] |
* [[Lodge Bill]] (1890) |
||
* [[Sevier Law (Arkansas)]] (1890) |
* [[Sevier Law (Arkansas)]] (1890) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[Ferguson v. Gies]]'' (1890) (Michigan) |
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* [[Lodge Bill]] (1891) |
|||
* [[Tillman Act (Arkansas)]] (1891) |
* [[Tillman Act (Arkansas)]] (1891) |
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* [[Separate Coach Law of 1891]] (Arkansas) |
* [[Separate Coach Law of 1891]] (Arkansas) |
||
* [[Southern Horrors |
* ''[[Southern Horrors]]'' (1892) |
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* [[Hampton race riot of 1892]] |
* [[Hampton race riot of 1892]] |
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* ''[[Baltimore Afro-American]]'' (1892) |
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* [[Sayre Law (Alabama)]] (1893) |
* [[Sayre Law (Alabama)]] (1893) |
||
* [[Lea Law (Tennessee)]] |
* [[Lea Law (Tennessee)]] (1893) |
||
* [[Dodson v. State |
* ''[[Dodson v. State]]'' (1894) (Arkansas) |
||
* [[ |
* [[Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1894]] |
||
* ''[[Mills v. Green]]'' (1895) |
|||
* [[Atlanta Exposition Speech |
* [[Atlanta Exposition Speech]] (1895) |
||
* [[The Red Record (1895)|''The Red Record'' (1895)]] |
|||
* [[ |
* ''[[The Red Record (1895)|The Red Record]]'' (1895) |
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* [[ |
* ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' (1896) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[Gibson v. Mississippi]]'' (1896) |
||
* ''[[Smith v. Mississippi]]'' (1896) |
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* [[Canfield race riot of 1896]] |
* [[Canfield race riot of 1896]] |
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* [[Polk County race riot of 1896]] |
* [[Polk County race riot of 1896]] |
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* [[Ohio Anti-Mob Violence Act of 1896]] |
|||
* [[Atkins race riot of 1897]] |
* [[Atkins race riot of 1897]] |
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* [[Nevada County race riot of 1897]] |
* [[Nevada County race riot of 1897]] |
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* [[Williams v. Mississippi |
* ''[[Williams v. Mississippi]]'' (1898) |
||
* [[Wilmington insurrection of 1898]] |
* [[Wilmington insurrection of 1898]] |
||
* [[Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education |
* ''[[Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education]]'' (1899) |
||
* [[Imperium in Imperio |
* ''[[Imperium in Imperio]]'' (1899) |
||
* [[Little River County race riot of 1899]] |
* [[Little River County race riot of 1899]] |
||
| group4 = 1900–1909 |
| group4 = 1900–1909 |
||
| list4 = |
| list4 = |
||
* [[Carter v. Texas |
* ''[[Carter v. Texas]]'' (1900) |
||
* [[Robert Charles riots|Robert Charles riots of 1900]] |
* [[Robert Charles riots|Robert Charles riots of 1900]] |
||
* [[Alabama Constitutional Convention of 1901]] |
* [[Alabama Constitutional Convention of 1901]] |
||
* [[Up from Slavery |
* ''[[Up from Slavery]]'' (1901) |
||
* [[Omaha race riot of 1901]] |
* [[Omaha race riot of 1901]] |
||
* [[Booker T. Washington dinner at the White House]] (1901) |
* [[Booker T. Washington dinner at the White House]] (1901) |
||
* [[Louisiana State Penitentiary]] (1901) |
* [[Louisiana State Penitentiary]] (1901) |
||
* [[The Leopard's Spots |
* ''[[The Leopard's Spots]]'' (1902) |
||
* [[Giles v. Harris |
* ''[[Giles v. Harris]]'' (1903) |
||
* [[The Souls of Black Folk |
* ''[[The Souls of Black Folk]]'' (1903) |
||
* [[Tarrance v. Florida |
* ''[[Tarrance v. Florida]]'' (1903) |
||
* [[Brownfield v. South Carolina |
* ''[[Brownfield v. South Carolina]]'' (1903) |
||
* [[Streetcar Segregation Act of 1903]] (Arkansas) |
* [[Streetcar Segregation Act of 1903]] (Arkansas) |
||
* [[Bonanza race riot of 1904]] |
* [[Bonanza race riot of 1904]] |
||
* [[Rogers v. Alabama |
* ''[[Rogers v. Alabama]]'' (1904) |
||
* [[Mississippi State Penitentiary]] (1904) |
* [[Mississippi State Penitentiary]] (1904) |
||
* [[Day Law|Day Law (Kentucky)]] (1904) |
* [[Day Law|Day Law (Kentucky)]] (1904) |
||
* [[Springfield race riot of 1904]] |
* [[Springfield race riot of 1904]] |
||
* [[ |
* [[Watkinsville lynching]] (1905) |
||
* [[The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan| |
* [[Niagara Movement]] (1905) |
||
* ''[[The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan|The Clansman]]'' (1905) |
|||
* ''[[Clyatt v. United States]]'' (1905) |
|||
* ''[[The Chicago Defender]]'' (1905) |
|||
* [[Springfield race riot of 1906]] |
* [[Springfield race riot of 1906]] |
||
* [[Chattanooga riot of 1906]] |
* [[Chattanooga riot of 1906]] |
||
* [[Greensburg race riot of 1906]] |
* [[Greensburg race riot of 1906]] |
||
* [[ |
* [[1906 Atlanta race massacre]] |
||
* [[Brownsville Affair]] (1906) |
* [[Brownsville Affair]] (1906) |
||
* [[Hodges v. United States |
* ''[[Hodges v. United States]]'' (1906) |
||
* [[Berea College v. Kentucky |
* ''[[Berea College v. Kentucky]]'' (1908) |
||
* [[Springfield race riot of 1908]] |
* [[Springfield race riot of 1908]] |
||
* [[Twining v. New Jersey |
* ''[[Twining v. New Jersey]]'' (1908) |
||
* [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (1909) |
* [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (1909) |
||
| group5 = 1910–1919 |
| group5 = 1910–1919 |
||
| list5 = |
| list5 = |
||
* [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] |
* [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] (1910) |
||
* [[Jack Johnson race riots of 1910]] |
* [[Jack Johnson race riots of 1910]] |
||
* [[Slocum, Texas#The Slocum Massacre|Slocum massacre of 1910]] |
* [[Slocum, Texas#The Slocum Massacre|Slocum massacre of 1910]] |
||
* [[Franklin v. South Carolina |
* ''[[Franklin v. South Carolina]]'' (1910) |
||
* [[El Dorado race riot of 1910]] |
* [[El Dorado race riot of 1910]] |
||
* ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]]'' (1910) |
|||
* [[Crumpacker Bill]] (1911) |
* [[Crumpacker Bill]] (1911) |
||
* [[Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League|Universal Negro Improvement Association]] (1914) |
* [[Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League|Universal Negro Improvement Association]] (1914) |
||
* ''[[United States v. Reynolds (1914)|United States v. Reynolds]]'' (1914) |
|||
* [[National Urban League]] (1911) founded |
|||
* [[ |
* [[National Urban League]] (1911) |
||
* ''[[Bailey v. Alabama]]'' (1911) |
|||
* [[Walnut Ridge race riot of 1912]] |
* [[Walnut Ridge race riot of 1912]] |
||
* [[The Birth of a Nation |
* ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915) |
||
* [[Guinn v. United States |
* ''[[Guinn v. United States]]'' (1915) |
||
* [[Association for the Study of African American Life and History]] (1915) |
* [[Association for the Study of African American Life and History]] (1915) |
||
* [[Lynching of Jesse Washington]] (1916) |
* [[Lynching of Jesse Washington]] (1916) |
||
* [[The Passing of the Great Race |
* ''[[The Passing of the Great Race]]'' (1916) |
||
* [[Buchanan v. Warley |
* ''[[Buchanan v. Warley]]'' (1917) |
||
* [[Houston riot of 1917]] |
* [[Houston riot of 1917]] |
||
* [[East St. Louis riot|East St. Louis riot of 1917]] |
* [[East St. Louis riot|East St. Louis riot of 1917]] |
||
* [[Philadelphia race riot of 1918]] |
* [[Philadelphia race riot of 1918]] |
||
* [[Chester race riot of 1918]] |
* [[Chester race riot of 1918]] |
||
* ''[[Negro World]]'' (1918) |
* ''[[Negro World]]'' (1918) |
||
* [[Red Summer (1919)|Red Summer]] |
* [[Red Summer (1919)|Red Summer]] |
||
* [[Charleston race riot of 1919]] |
* [[Charleston race riot of 1919]] |
||
* [[Omaha race riot of 1919]] |
* [[Omaha race riot of 1919]] |
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| Line 240: | Line 274: | ||
* [[Washington, D.C. riot of 1919]] |
* [[Washington, D.C. riot of 1919]] |
||
* [[If We Must Die|"If We Must Die" poem]] (1919) |
* [[If We Must Die|"If We Must Die" poem]] (1919) |
||
* [[Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States 1889-1918 |
* ''[[Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States 1889-1918]]'' (1919) |
||
| group6 = 1920–1929 |
| group6 = 1920–1929 |
||
| Line 250: | Line 284: | ||
* [[North Carolina repeals poll tax]] (1920) |
* [[North Carolina repeals poll tax]] (1920) |
||
* [[Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill]] (1921) |
* [[Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill]] (1921) |
||
* [[Newberry v. United States |
* ''[[Newberry v. United States]]'' (1921) |
||
* [[Tulsa race riot|Tulsa race riot of 1921]] |
* [[Tulsa race riot|Tulsa race riot of 1921]] |
||
* [[Rosewood massacre|Rosewood massacre of 1923]] |
* [[Rosewood massacre|Rosewood massacre of 1923]] |
||
* [[Catcher race riot of 1923]] |
* [[Catcher race riot of 1923]] |
||
* [[Moore v. Dempsey |
* ''[[Moore v. Dempsey]]'' (1923) |
||
* [[Racial Integrity Act of 1924]] (Virginia) |
* [[Racial Integrity Act of 1924]] (Virginia) |
||
* [[Love v. Griffith |
* ''[[Love v. Griffith]]'' (1924) |
||
* [[Chandler v. Neff |
* ''[[Chandler v. Neff]]'' (1924) |
||
* [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]] (1925) |
* [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]] (1925) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[Corrigan v. Buckley]]'' (1926) |
||
* ''[[Nixon v. Herndon]]'' (1927) |
|||
* [[Great Mississippi Flood of 1927]] |
* [[Great Mississippi Flood of 1927]] |
||
* [[Rope and Faggot |
* ''[[Rope and Faggot]]'' (1929) |
||
* [[Jessie |
* [[Jessie De Priest tea at the White House]] (1929) |
||
| group7 = 1930–1939 |
| group7 = 1930–1939 |
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| Line 270: | Line 305: | ||
* [[Scottsboro Boys]] (1931) |
* [[Scottsboro Boys]] (1931) |
||
* [[Federal Home Loan Bank Board]] (1932) |
* [[Federal Home Loan Bank Board]] (1932) |
||
* [[Nixon v. Condon |
* ''[[Nixon v. Condon]]'' (1932) |
||
* [[Powell v. Alabama |
* ''[[Powell v. Alabama]]'' (1932) |
||
* [[Highlander Research and Education Center|Highlander Folk School]] |
|||
* [[Hocutt v. Wilson |
* ''[[Hocutt v. Wilson]]'' (1933) (North Carolina) |
||
* [[Home Owners' Loan Corporation]] (1933) |
* [[Home Owners' Loan Corporation]] (1933) |
||
* [[National Housing Act of 1934]] |
* [[National Housing Act of 1934]] |
||
| Line 279: | Line 315: | ||
* [[National Labor Relations Board]] (1935) |
* [[National Labor Relations Board]] (1935) |
||
* [[National Council of Negro Women]] (1935) |
* [[National Council of Negro Women]] (1935) |
||
* [[Grovey v. Townsend |
* ''[[Grovey v. Townsend]]'' (1935) |
||
* [[Norris v. Alabama |
* ''[[Norris v. Alabama]]'' (1935) |
||
* [[Patterson v. Alabama |
* ''[[Patterson v. Alabama]]'' (1935) |
||
* [[Harlem riot of 1935]] |
* [[Harlem riot of 1935]] |
||
* [[Brown v. Mississippi |
* ''[[Brown v. Mississippi]]'' (1936) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[University v. Murray]]'' (1936) (Maryland) |
||
* ''[[Breedlove v. Suttles]]'' (1937) |
|||
* [[Florida repeals poll tax]] (1937) |
* [[Florida repeals poll tax]] (1937) |
||
* [[Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada |
* ''[[Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada]]'' (1938) |
||
* [[New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. |
* ''[[New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co.]]'' (1938) |
||
* [[Hale v. Kentucky |
* ''[[Hale v. Kentucky]]'' (1938) |
||
* [[Arkansas referendum on poll tax]] (1938) |
* [[Arkansas referendum on poll tax]] (1938) |
||
* [[ |
* [[Alexandria Library sit-in]] (1939) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[Lane v. Wilson]]'' (1939) |
||
* ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' (1939) |
|||
* ''[[Mills v. Board of Education of Anne Arundel County]]'' (1939) |
|||
| group8 = 1940–1949 |
| group8 = 1940–1949 |
||
| list8 = |
| list8 = |
||
* [[Wagner-Gavagan antilynching bill]] (1940) |
* [[Wagner-Gavagan antilynching bill]] (1940) |
||
* [[Chambers v. Florida |
* ''[[Chambers v. Florida]]'' (1940) |
||
* [[Smith v. Texas (1940)| |
* ''[[Smith v. Texas (1940)|Smith v. Texas]]'' (1940) |
||
* ''[[Alston v. School Board of the City of Norfolk, Virginia]]'' (1940) |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* ''[[Hasqett v. Werner]]'' (1941) |
|||
* ''[[United States v. Classic]]'' (1941) |
|||
* [[Fair Employment Practice Committee]] (1941) |
|||
* [[Executive Order 8802]] (1942) |
* [[Executive Order 8802]] (1942) |
||
* [[Hill v. Texas |
* ''[[Hill v. Texas]]'' (1942) |
||
* [[Double V campaign|"Double V" campaign]] |
|||
* [[Congress of Racial Equality]] |
|||
* [[Beaumont race riot of 1943]] |
* [[Beaumont race riot of 1943]] |
||
* [[Detroit race riot of 1943]] |
* [[Detroit race riot of 1943]] |
||
* [[Harlem riot of 1943]] |
* [[Harlem riot of 1943]] |
||
* [[Agana race riot|Agana race riot of 1944]] |
* [[Agana race riot|Agana race riot of 1944]] |
||
* [[Smith v. Allwright |
* ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]'' (1944) |
||
* [[Pollock v. Williams |
* ''[[Pollock v. Williams]]'' (1944) |
||
* [[An American Dilemma |
* ''[[An American Dilemma]]'' (1944) |
||
* ''[[Hedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education]]'' (1944) |
* ''[[Hedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education]]'' (1944) |
||
* [[Georgia repeals poll tax]] (1945) |
* [[Georgia repeals poll tax]] (1945) |
||
* [[Executive Order 9908]] (1946) |
* [[Executive Order 9908]] (1946) |
||
* [[Civil Rights Congress]] (1946) |
* [[Civil Rights Congress]] (1946) |
||
* ''[[Morgan v. Virginia]]'' (1946) |
|||
* [[Boswell Amendment]] |
|||
* [[1946 Georgia lynching]] |
* [[1946 Georgia lynching]] |
||
* [[President's Committee on Civil Rights]] (1946) |
* [[President's Committee on Civil Rights]] (1946) |
||
* [[Airport Homes race riots]] (1946) |
|||
* [[Columbia, Tennessee#Columbia race riot of 1946|Columbia race riot of 1946]] |
|||
* ''[[Mendez v. Westminster]]'' (1947) |
|||
* [[Journey of Reconciliation]] (1947) |
* [[Journey of Reconciliation]] (1947) |
||
* [[ |
* [[Fernwood Park race riot]] (1947) |
||
* ''[[Patton v. Mississippi]]'' (1947) |
|||
* ''[[Elmore v. Rice (1947)|Elmore v. Rice]]'' (1947) |
|||
* [[Southern Conference Educational Fund]] |
|||
* ''[[Levi Pearson v. Clarendon County Board of Education]]'' (1947) |
|||
* ''[[To Secure These Rights (book)|To Secure These Rights]]'' (1947) |
|||
* [[Executive Order 9980]] (1948) |
* [[Executive Order 9980]] (1948) |
||
* [[Executive Order 9981]] (1948) |
* [[Executive Order 9981]] (1948) |
||
* [[Shelley v. Kraemer |
* ''[[Shelley v. Kraemer]]'' (1948) |
||
* [[ |
* ''[[Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma]]'' (1948) |
||
* ''[[Perez v. Sharp]]'' (1948) |
|||
* ''[[Elmore v. Rice (1948)|Elmore v. Rice]]'' (1948) |
|||
* ''[[Rosana Aubert v. Orleans Parish School Board]]'' (1948) |
|||
* [[Peekskill riots|Peekskill riots of 1949]] |
* [[Peekskill riots|Peekskill riots of 1949]] |
||
* [[Virginia referendum on poll tax]] (1949) |
* [[Virginia referendum on poll tax]] (1949) |
||
* [[Texas referendum on poll tax]] (1949) |
* [[Texas referendum on poll tax]] (1949) |
||
* ''[[Davis v. Schnell]]'' (1949) |
|||
* ''[[State of Iowa v. Katz]]'' (1949) |
* ''[[State of Iowa v. Katz]]'' (1949) |
||
* [[Englewood race riot]] (1949) |
|||
| group9 = Aftermath |
| group9 = Aftermath |
||
| list9 = |
| list9 = |
||
* [[Counterculture of the 1960s]] |
|||
* [[South Carolina repeals poll tax]] (1951) |
|||
** [[Civil Rights Movement]] |
|||
* [[Tennessee repeals poll tax]] (1953) |
|||
**[[Black Power movement]] |
|||
* [[Alabama reduces poll tax]] (1953) |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Texas referendum on poll tax]] (1963) |
|||
}} |
}} |
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| Line 339: | Line 396: | ||
| group5 = Aspects |
| group5 = Aspects |
||
| list5 = |
| list5 = |
||
{{Navbox |
{{Navbox|subgroup |
||
| groupwidth = 9.0em |
| groupwidth = 9.0em |
||
| group1 = General |
| group1 = General |
||
| list1 = |
| list1 = |
||
* [[Civil rights movement (1896–1954)]] |
|||
* [[Loophole clauses]] |
* [[Loophole clauses]] |
||
** [[Character clause]] |
** [[Character clause]] |
||
| Line 359: | Line 417: | ||
** [[Secret ballot]] |
** [[Secret ballot]] |
||
* [[Plurality-at-large voting|At-large voting]] |
* [[Plurality-at-large voting|At-large voting]] |
||
* [[Gerrymandering]] |
* [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]] |
||
* [[Moving polling stations]] |
* [[Moving polling stations]] |
||
| Line 366: | Line 424: | ||
* [[Bibliography of Jim Crow]] |
* [[Bibliography of Jim Crow]] |
||
* [[Walter C. Hamm]] |
* [[Walter C. Hamm]] |
||
* "[[The Three Phases of Colored Suffrage|The Three Phases of Colored Suffrage]]" (1899) |
|||
* [[William Alexander Mabry]] |
* [[William Alexander Mabry]] |
||
* ''[[The Disfranchisement of the Negro in the South]]'' (1933) |
|||
* [[V. O. Key, Jr.]] |
* [[V. O. Key, Jr.]] |
||
* ''[[Southern Politics in State and Nation]]'' (1949) |
|||
* [[C. Vann Woodward]] |
* [[C. Vann Woodward]] |
||
* ''[[C. Vann Woodward#Origins of the New South, 1877-1913|Origins of the New South, 1877-1913]]'' (1951) |
|||
* ''[[C. Vann Woodward#The Strange Career of Jim Crow|The Strange Career of Jim Crow]]'' (1955) |
|||
* [[J. Morgan Kousser]] |
* [[J. Morgan Kousser]] |
||
* ''[[The Shaping of Southern Politics]]'' (1974) |
|||
* [[Michael Perman]] |
* [[Michael Perman]] |
||
* ''[[Struggle for Mastery]]'' (2001) |
|||
| group3 = Memory |
| group3 = Memory |
||
| Line 386: | Line 444: | ||
| list4 = |
| list4 = |
||
* [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] |
* [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] |
||
* [[Harlem Renaissance]] |
|||
* [[African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–68)|Civil Rights Movement]] |
|||
| group5 = Other topics |
| group5 = Other topics |
||
| Line 392: | Line 450: | ||
* ''[[Sproule v. Fredericks|Sproule v. Fredericks (Tennessee)]]'' |
* ''[[Sproule v. Fredericks|Sproule v. Fredericks (Tennessee)]]'' |
||
* [[Lynching in the United States|Lynching]] |
* [[Lynching in the United States|Lynching]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Anti-miscegenation laws]] |
* [[Anti-miscegenation laws]] |
||
* [[List of Jim Crow law examples by state]] |
* [[List of Jim Crow law examples by state]] |
||
| Line 399: | Line 456: | ||
* [[White supremacy]] |
* [[White supremacy]] |
||
* [[Color line (civil rights issue)|Color line]] |
* [[Color line (civil rights issue)|Color line]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Disfranchisement]] |
* [[Disfranchisement]] |
||
* [[Voter suppression in the United States]] |
|||
* [[Historical race concepts]] |
* [[Historical race concepts]] |
||
* [[Judicial aspects of race in the United States]] |
* [[Judicial aspects of race in the United States]] |
||
* [[Segregation in the United States|Segregation]] |
* [[Segregation in the United States|Segregation]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Miscegenation]] |
|||
* [[Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces|Military segregation]] |
|||
* [[Residential segregation in the United States|Residential segregation]] |
|||
* [[School segregation in the United States|School segregation]] |
|||
* [[Housing segregation in the United States|Housing segregation]] |
* [[Housing segregation in the United States|Housing segregation]] |
||
* [[Public housing in the United States|Public housing]] |
|||
* [[Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia]] |
* [[Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia]] |
||
* [[Stereotypes of African Americans]] |
* [[Stereotypes of African Americans]] |
||
* [[The New Jim Crow |
* ''[[The New Jim Crow]]'' (2010) |
||
* [[Sundown town]] |
* [[Sundown town]] |
||
* [[All-white jury]] |
* [[All-white jury]] |
||
| Line 416: | Line 479: | ||
| below = |
| below = |
||
* [[:Category: |
* [[:Category:History of racial segregation in the United States]] |
||
}}<noinclude> |
}}<noinclude> |
||
| Line 422: | Line 485: | ||
{{collapsible option |statename=optional |default=collapsed}} |
{{collapsible option |statename=optional |default=collapsed}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:United States history navigational boxes]] |
||
</noinclude> |
</noinclude> |
||
Revision as of 12:25, 19 November 2023
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