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Ancient feudal principality of Armenia, that gave name to the region today called Siunik. They are distinguished two zones, the Western Siunik, to the West of the Lake Sevan (Geycha), and the Eastern Siunik, region to the South of this lake, being extended toward the Mountains and encompassing these, where is located the capital Tatev or Tathev.

The region is know already in the I century AC.

The first dynasty that ruled it was called dynasty of Siak and started in the I centrury AC. The first know ruler was Valinak Siak c. 330.

His brother and king was Andok c. 340. Siunik was occupated by Persia c. 369. In 379 was king Babik, son of Andok restablished by the Mamikonian. His sister Pharantzem was married to Gnel, nephew of Archak II king of Armenia. About 386 was king Dara, deposed by the persians probably in 387.

Valinak was king c. 400-409 and then Vasak (409-452). Vasak has two male sons: Bagben and Bakur; and a female that married to the new king Varazvahan (452-472). His son Gelehon was king (470-477) and deceased in 483. Babik (Bagben), brother of Varazvahan, was the new king in 477. Hadz, brother of Gelehon, deceased September 25, 482.

Later were other kings: Vahan c. 570; Philipo c. 580; Stephanos c. 590-597; Sahak c. 597; and Grigor (+640)

Later the kingdom had its own dynasty, governed by a branch of the bagratuni with small minor vassal princes from one or several previous dynasties perhaps of Persian origin. Vasak III (c. 800) suffered the assault from the emir of Manazkert, Sevada, that established a garrison in Chalat, in the district of Dzoluk, and then he called in his help to the Persian revolutionary chief Babek, that married with a daughter of the king. To the death of Vasak (821) Babek inherited the country. The country was revolted and Babek levelled it but harassed by Moslem and Armenian abandoned it and the children of Vasak, Philipo and Sahak recovered the power, governing the first in Eastern Siunik, with the districts of Vaïots, Tzor and Balq (Goucha), and the second the Westerner also know as Gelarquniq, with capital in Khoth. The local dinasties disappeared during the ephemeral domination from Babek. In the year 826 Sahak was allied to his ancient enemy, the Qaisite emir of Manazkert, Sevada, against the Calipha governor, but it was defeated and died in Kavakert; nevertheless his son Grigor-Sufan happened to him without greater problems as prince of Western Siunik. In the Eastern part Philipoe died August 10, 848 and happened to him three children jointly: Babgen, Vasak-Ichkhanik and Achot. Babgen combatted against Grigor-Sufan, to which he killed him (toward 849, 850 or 851) but Babgen died little after (851) and Vasak-Ichkhanik (Vasak IV) happened to him living in peace with Vasak-Gabor that had ascended to the throne of Western Siunik instead of his father Grigor-Sufan. Nerseh, brother of Babgen, directed (851?) an expedition to Aghuania defeating and giving death to prince Varaz-Terdat (of the Persian dynasty Mihrakane of Aghuania) in Morgog. A general sent by the Caliph, Bogha al-Kabir, destroyed Armenia and Aghuania in these years, and sent a detachement to Eastern Siunik where was governing Vasak IV with his brother Achot. The siunik people was fortified in the strength of Balq, but Vasak fled to Kotaiq, and pursued must happen to the region of Gardman in the eastern border of the Sevan Lake, whose prince (ichkhan) Ketridj or Ketritchn betrayed to him and delivered it to Bogha (859). Also Achot was seized (859). But Bogha penetrated in Gardman and made prisoner to Kertridj without thanking to him the borrowed service. He happened then to Outi where he captured to prince of Sevordiq, Stephannos Kun. All these regions tried to be controlled for the Caliphate, and for this Bogha decided to repopulate with Moslem the city of Chamkor in the Kura river, that being near Bardáa and Gandja, was intended for to monitor the region. In 862 the princes prisoners were freed by order of the new caliph and they could return to its dominances in exchange for a recognition to the Islam (that withdrew nothing else to arrive to his country). Not much after the prince of Western Siunik, Vasak-Gabor was married with a daughter of the bagratid Achot the Large, called Miriam, and received the title of Ichkhan from the Siunik people that delivered to him Achot in name of the Caliph. His succesor was his son Grigor-Sufan II (887-909). About 887 died the prince of Eastern Siunik, Vasak IV, and happened to him his brother Achot who deceased c. 906. The son of Vasak IV, Sembat, that received the feoffment from Vaïots-Tzor and Chahaponk (Djahuk) governed from 887 to a date subsequent to 920; it was revolted (903) against the bagratid Sembat I to which refused to pay tax, and because of this it was assaulted by the prince of Vaspurakan, Sargis-Achot, and Sembat was submitted and it was forgiven (was married with the sister of the principe of Vaspurakan) receiving the city and district of Najichevan, hot-tempered in 902 to the Kaysites or Qaisids. The prince of Vaspurakan did not have to be in agreement with this transfer of a nearby territory to its dominances that could to wait receive, and few years after was allied to the Sadjid emir, Yusuf, against Eastern Siunik and together invaded the country. Sembat it was sheltered in the strength of Erendchak (today Alindja to the northeast of Najichevan) and Yusuf remained owner of Eastern Siunik. Sembat nevertheless it requested refuge to his brother-in-law Khatchik-Gagik and this was granted. In the same year 909 the prince of Western Siunik, Grigor Sufan II, was submitted to the emir Yusuf in Dwin. Only the Byzantine movements and the withdrawal of the Sadjids will permit him to recover the throne a time after. Sembat, with his three brothers Sahak, Babgen and Vasak, governed again. Also in the Western Siunik, Sahak, Achot and Vasak, brothers of Grigor-Sufan II, were governing the country, after those which the westerner dynasty disappeared, submitted the territory by the Moslems. The Eastern part remained distributed: Sembat, that it had the main title, governed the western part of the Eastern Siunik with the Vaïots-Tzor, border with Vaspurakan; Sahak, the eastern part until the river Hakar; Babgen the district of the Balq; and Vasak an indeterminate territory (died in 922). The emir of Azerbaijan Nasr captured with perfidy to Babgen and Sahak in Dwin, but upon invading the dominances of Sembat this made to him front with energy and rejected to him and yet obtained the freedom of his brothers. To Sembat happened his son Vasak, and to Sahak his son Sembat. Vasak received the royal title from the Moslems toward the end of his reign that lasted until 963; then the throne happened to his nephew Sembat that (963-998) it was recognized king by the emirs of Tauris and of Arran. Married with the princess of Aghuania, Chahandoukht. To his death happened to him Vasak (c. 998-1019) and to his death two nephews (children of a sister and of a prince called Achot of other familiar branch) calls Sembat and Grigor (1019-1084). This last one married with the princess Chahandoukht, daughter of Sevada of Aghuania. The two princes, without more succesion than a daughter of Grigor called Chahandoukht , adopted to the prince of Aghuania, Seneqerim Ioan, who from 1084 governed both territories, dying in 1105. To him happened his son Grigor of Siunik and Aghuania that governed until 1166 when the country was conquered by the Seljucids Turks.

The dynasty of the Orbeliani, one of whose members let written an important history of the country, governed Siunik in times of Timur (Tamerlan), as vassals.

September 1920 Armenia ceded the regions of Siunik, Zangezur and High Karabag (to Eastern) to Azerbaijan. The armenian military forces in the region did not accept the decision and proclaimed the autonomous republic of Syunik. After the procclamation of the Soviet Republic of Armenia in 1921, Syunik, in part occupy by Azerbaijan, proclaimed its independence as Republic of the Mountainous Armenia, but alone was encompassing part of the High Karabag (to South of Zangezur) and the Eastern and Western Siunik had been occupied. After some time of resistance the authorities of the Republic fled to Iran.