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Rv, my apologize in regards to the population numbers, but there was other issues involved as well. Nonetheless, please stop with disruption you are causing
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|common_languages = Somali
|common_languages = Somali
|religion = Islam
|religion = Islam
|currency = Somali shilling
|currency = East African shilling
}}
}}
The '''State of Somaliland''' was a [[List of shortest-lived sovereign states|short-lived]] independent state in the territory of present-day northwestern [[Somalia]], which is also known as the self-declared [[Republic of Somaliland]].<ref name="Wssom2">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html#Somaliland Somalia - British Somaliland and Somaliland]</ref> It was the name assumed by the former [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]] in the five days between independence from the [[United Kingdom]] on 26 June 1960 and union with the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]] which was under [[Italy|Italian]] administration on 1 July 1960 to form the [[Somali Republic]].
The '''State of Somaliland''' was a [[List of shortest-lived sovereign states|short-lived]] independent state in the territory of present-day northwestern [[Somalia]].<ref name="Wssom2">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html#Somaliland Somalia - British Somaliland and Somaliland]</ref> It was the name assumed by the former [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]] in the five days between June 26, 1960 and July 1, 1960, when the territory prepared for union as scheduled with the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration]] (the former [[Italian Somaliland]]) to form the [[Somali Republic]] ([[Somalia]]).


==History==
==History==
⚫
In May 1960, the [[British government]] stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then [[protectorate]] of [[British Somaliland]], with the intention that the territory would unite with the [[Italy|Italian]]-administered [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration]] (the former [[Italian Somaliland]]). The Legislative Council of British Somaliland passed a resolution in April 1960 requesting independence and union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland, which was scheduled to gain independence on July 1 that year. The legislative councils of both territories agreed to this proposal following a joint conference in [[Mogadishu]].<ref name="wardheernews.com">http://wardheernews.com/Articles_09/June/Roobdoon_Forum/29_Independence_week_series.html</ref>


⚫
In May 1960, the [[British government]] stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then [[protectorate]] of [[British Somaliland]], with the intention that the territory would unite with the [[Italy|Italian]]-administered [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration]] (the former [[Italian Somaliland]]). The Legislative Council of British Somaliland passed a resolution in April 1960 requesting independence and union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland, which was scheduled to gain independence on 1 July that year. The legislative councils of both territories agreed to this proposal following a joint conference in [[Mogadishu]].<ref name="wardheernews.com">http://wardheernews.com/Articles_09/June/Roobdoon_Forum/29_Independence_week_series.html</ref>
⚫
On June 26, 1960, the former British Somaliland protectorate briefly obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, with the Trust Territory of Somaliland following suit five days later.<ref name="Wssom1">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html Somalia]</ref><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica 2002 p.835">Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> The following day, on June 27, 1960, the newly convened Somaliland Legislative Assembly approved a bill that would formally allow for the union of the State of Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somaliland on July 1, 1960.<ref name="wardheernews.com"/>


⚫
On June 26, 1960, the former British Somaliland protectorate briefly obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, with the Trust Territory of Somaliland following suit five days later.<ref name="Wssom1">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html Somalia]</ref><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica 2002 p.835">Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> The following day, on June 27, 1960, the newly convened Somaliland Legislative Assembly approved a bill that would formally allow for the union of the State of Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somaliland on 1 July 1960.<ref name="wardheernews.com"/>
According to the Chinese government, all state activity in the Somali territories during this five day transitional period was geared toward preparing to unify the two partitioned Somalilands, as had previously been negotiated.<ref name="Msbteprc">{{cite web|title=MEMORIAL SUBMITTED BY THE EXPERT, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA|url=http://wardheernews.com/Organizations/NSPU/ICJ%201-01-12.pdf|publisher=Expert from the People’s Republic of China|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref> [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]], who had previously served as an unofficial member of the former British Somaliland protectorate's Executive Council and the Leader of Government Business in the Legislative Council, became the Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland during its brief period of independence until the union with the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]].<ref name="Contini">Paolo Contini, ''The Somali Republic: an experiment in legal integration'', (Routledge, 1969), p.6.</ref>


On July 1, 1960, five days after the former British Somaliland protectorate obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, the territory united with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the [[Somali Republic]] (Somalia).<ref name="Wssom1"/><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica 2002 p.835"/>
[[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]], who had previously served as an unofficial member of the former British Somaliland protectorate's Executive Council and the Leader of Government Business in the Legislative Council, became the Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland during its planned transition to union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration, the former Italian Somaliland.<ref name="Contini">Paolo Contini, ''The Somali Republic: an experiment in legal integration'', (Routledge, 1969), p.6.</ref>


During its brief existence, the State of Somaliland received international recognition from 35 countries,<ref name="csis.org">http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/anotes_0211.pdf</ref> that included [[China]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], [[France]], [[Ghana]], [[Israel]], [[Libya]], the [[Soviet Union]].The [[United States]] [[Secretary of State]] [[Christian Herter]] sent a congratulatory message,<ref name="csis.org"/><ref name="ebooksread.com">http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/united-states-dept-of-state-office-of-public-co/department-of-state-bulletin-volume-v-43-jul--sep1960-tin/page-25-department-of-state-bulletin-volume-v-43-jul--sep1960-tin.shtml</ref><ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1958-60v14/d62</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]] signed several bilateral agreements with Somaliland in Hargeisa on June 26, 1960.<ref name="csis.org"/><ref>[http://www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commisioned_Reports/BD-1105_Consequences-of-Somalilands-International-Recognition.pdf THE BRENTHURST FOUNDATION Strengthening Africa’s economic performance AFRICAN GAme ChANGeR? The Consequences of Somaliland’s International (Non) Recognition {{pull quote|This list includes China (Republic of ), Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Israel, Libya, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, and the United States.}}]</ref>
⚫
A government was formed by [[Abdullahi Issa]], with [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]] as President of the Somali National Assembly, [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar]] as [[List of Presidents of Somalia|President]] and [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke]] as [[Prime Minister of Somalia|Prime Minister]], later to become President (from 1967–1969). On July 20, 1961 and through a popular [[referendum]], the people of Somalia ratified a new [[Constitution of Somalia|constitution]], which had been first drafted in 1960.<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> 90.59% of voters (1,760,540) voted in favor of the constitution.<ref name="Constr1961">{{cite web|title=20 June 1961 Constitutional Referendum|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html#1961_Constitutional_Referendum|publisher=African Election Database|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref>
This a copy of the letter that [[Secretary of State]] [[Christian Herter]] sent {{Quotation|
::June 26, 1960
::Their Excellencies,


==Republic of Somaliland==
:::Council of Ministers of Somaliland, Hargeisa.
::::Your Excellencies: I extend my best wishes and congratulations on the achievement of your independence. This is a noteworthy milestone in your history, and it is with pleasure that I send
⚫
[[Somaliland|The Republic of Somaliland]] is a self-declared [[sovereign state|state]] that is [[Diplomatic recognition|regarded]] as an [[States and regions of Somalia|autonomous region]] of Somalia by the international community.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news | title = The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia | publisher = New York Times | date = 2006-06-05 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html | accessdate = 2010-02-02 | first=Marc | last=Lacey}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic | publisher = [[University of Pretoria]] | date = 2004-02-01 | url = http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf | accessdate = 2010-02-02}} "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/unia991.pdf UN in Action: Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary]</ref> Established in 1991, its government regards the territory as the [[successor state]] to the State of Somaliland,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00A10FB395A1A7A93C4AB178DD85F448685F9 |format=fee required |publisher=The New York Times |page=6 |date=1960-06-26 |accessdate=2008-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10740852 | work=BBC News | title=How Britain said farewell to its Empire | date=2010-07-23}}</ref> and seeks [[self-determination]] under the name ''Republic of Somaliland''.<ref name="profile">{{cite web| title = Country Profile| publisher = Government of Somaliland| url = http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm| accessdate = 2010-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Schoiswohl | first = Michael | title = Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law | publisher = Martinus Nijhoff Publishers | year = 2004 | location = University of Michigan | page = 351 | url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GOSbAAAAMAAJ&q=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&dq=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&cd=1 | isbn = 978-90-04-13655-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Regions and Territories: Somaliland | publisher = BBC News | date = 2009-09-25 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm | accessdate = 2010-02-02}}</ref>
::::::my warmest regards on this happy occasion.
:::::::Christian a. Herter
::::::::Secretary of State,United States of America .<ref name="ebooksread.com"/>}}
And here is the letter that [[Elizabeth II]] send to the people of [[Somaliland]] in the independence day .
{{Quotation| “I, my Government and my people in the United Kingdom, wish you well on this day of independence. The connection between our people goes back some 130 years and British administration of the Protectorate for 60 years. I look forward to a continuing and enduring friendship between our two countries.”<ref>http://www.biyokulule.com/view_content.php?articleid=1987</ref>}}
There were also fears of clashes with populations in Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00A10FB395A1A7A93C4AB178DD85F448685F9 |format=fee required |publisher=The New York Times |page=6 |date=1960-06-26 |accessdate=2008-06-20}}</ref>


On July 1, 1960, five days after the former British Somaliland protectorate obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, the territory united as scheduled with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the [[Somali Republic]] (Somalia).<ref name="Wssom1"/><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica 2002 p.835"/>
The administration the self-declared Republic of Somaliland claims that 35 countries diplomatically recognised a State of Somaliland during the five-day period of independence between 26 June and 1 July 1960, including all five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]] (the [[Republic of China]], the [[France|French Republic]], the [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]], the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]], and the [[United States|United States of America]]).<ref name="Saosmicfi">{{cite web|title=Somaliland: An Oasis of Stability Makes Its Case for Independence|url=http://halbeegnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Somaliland1.docx|publisher=Halbeegnews|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref> The [[Northern Somali Unionist Movement]], a unionist group hailing from the northwestern region of Somalia coextensive with the former British Somaliland protectorate, disputes this claim; it asserts that no such records exist and that these nations instead only diplomatically recognized the Somali Republic (Somalia) as a whole.<ref name="Tcosir">{{cite web|title=The Consequences of Somaliland’s International Recognition|url=http://www.wardheernews.com/Articles_2011/August/16_Consequences%20of%20Somaliland_unionist.pdf|publisher=Northern Somali Unionist Movement|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref> Additionally, the [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] indicates in its Document 62 that the United States did not extend formal recognition to a state of Somaliland in 1960, as the enclave's brief independence from Britain was intended to allow it to unite with the Trust Territory of Somaliland a few days later. Secretary of State [[Christian Herter]] instead sent a congratulatory message to the Somaliland Council of Ministers on June 26, 1960.<ref name="Frotus">{{cite web|last1=Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960 Volume XIV, Africa, Document 62|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1958-60v14/d62|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref> Upon union of the two Somalilands, the United States recognized the Somali Republic on July 1, 1960, in a congratulatory message from US President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] to President of Somalia [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar]].<ref name="Agtushrdcrbcsss">{{cite web|last1=Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State|title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Somalia|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/somalia|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Government of China]] issued an affidavit on behalf of the Somali Republic at the [[International Court of Justice]], which similarly indicates that the international community recognized the Somali Republic when it was accepted into the United Nations on September 20, 1960. The Chinese government therein also notes that the sole purpose of gaining independence from Britain was to unite the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland territories.<ref name="Msbteprc"/>

⚫
A government was formed by [[Abdullahi Issa]], with [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]] as President of the Somali National Assembly, [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar]] as [[List of Presidents of Somalia|President]] and [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke]] as [[Prime Minister of Somalia|Prime Minister]], later to become President (from 1967–1969). On July 20, 1961 and through a popular [[referendum]], the Somali people ratified a new [[constitution]], which was first drafted in 1960.<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref>

==Use of state as a precedent for Somaliland==

⚫
[[Somaliland]] is a self-declared [[sovereign state]] that is [[Diplomatic recognition|recognised]] as an [[States and regions of Somalia|autonomous region]] of Somalia by the international community.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news | title = The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia | publisher = New York Times | date = 2006-06-05 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html | accessdate = 2010-02-02 | first=Marc | last=Lacey}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic | publisher = [[University of Pretoria]] | date = 2004-02-01 | url = http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf | accessdate = 2010-02-02}} "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."</ref> Its government regards the territory as the [[successor state]] to the State of Somaliland,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00A10FB395A1A7A93C4AB178DD85F448685F9 |format=fee required |publisher=The New York Times |page=6 |date=1960-06-26 |accessdate=2008-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10740852 | work=BBC News | title=How Britain said farewell to its Empire | date=2010-07-23}}</ref> and seeks [[self-determination]] as the ''Republic of Somaliland''.<ref name="profile">{{cite web| title = Country Profile| publisher = Government of Somaliland| url = http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm| accessdate = 2010-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Schoiswohl | first = Michael | title = Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law | publisher = Martinus Nijhoff Publishers | year = 2004 | location = University of Michigan | page = 351 | url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GOSbAAAAMAAJ&q=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&dq=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&cd=1 | isbn = 978-90-04-13655-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Regions and Territories: Somaliland | publisher = BBC News | date = 2009-09-25 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm | accessdate = 2010-02-02}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist|3}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:State of Somaliland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:State of Somaliland}}
[[Category:History of Somaliland|*]]
[[Category:History of Somaliland|*]]
[[Category:History of Somalia|*]]
[[Category:Somaliland]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1960]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1960]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1960]]

Revision as of 01:36, 16 July 2016

State of Somaliland
1960–1960
Flag of Somaliland
Location of the State of Somaliland.
Location of the State of Somaliland.
StatusIndependent state
CapitalHargeisa
Common languagesSomali
Religion
Islam
Prime Minister 
History 
• Independence from the United Kingdom
June 26 1960
• Unification with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic
July 1 1960
CurrencyEast African shilling
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
British Somaliland
Somali Republic

The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the territory of present-day northwestern Somalia.[1] It was the name assumed by the former British Somaliland protectorate in the five days between June 26, 1960 and July 1, 1960, when the territory prepared for union as scheduled with the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration (the former Italian Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic (Somalia).

History

In May 1960, the British government stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then protectorate of British Somaliland, with the intention that the territory would unite with the Italian-administered Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration (the former Italian Somaliland). The Legislative Council of British Somaliland passed a resolution in April 1960 requesting independence and union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland, which was scheduled to gain independence on 1 July that year. The legislative councils of both territories agreed to this proposal following a joint conference in Mogadishu.[2]

On June 26, 1960, the former British Somaliland protectorate briefly obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, with the Trust Territory of Somaliland following suit five days later.[3][4] The following day, on June 27, 1960, the newly convened Somaliland Legislative Assembly approved a bill that would formally allow for the union of the State of Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somaliland on 1 July 1960.[2]

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, who had previously served as an unofficial member of the former British Somaliland protectorate's Executive Council and the Leader of Government Business in the Legislative Council, became the Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland during its planned transition to union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration, the former Italian Somaliland.[5]

During its brief existence, the State of Somaliland received international recognition from 35 countries,[6] that included China, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Israel, Libya, the Soviet Union.The United States Secretary of State Christian Herter sent a congratulatory message,[6][7][8] and the United Kingdom signed several bilateral agreements with Somaliland in Hargeisa on June 26, 1960.[6][9]

This a copy of the letter that Secretary of State Christian Herter sent

June 26, 1960
Their Excellencies,
Council of Ministers of Somaliland, Hargeisa.
Your Excellencies: I extend my best wishes and congratulations on the achievement of your independence. This is a noteworthy milestone in your history, and it is with pleasure that I send
my warmest regards on this happy occasion.
Christian a. Herter
Secretary of State,United States of America .[7]

And here is the letter that Elizabeth II send to the people of Somaliland in the independence day .

“I, my Government and my people in the United Kingdom, wish you well on this day of independence. The connection between our people goes back some 130 years and British administration of the Protectorate for 60 years. I look forward to a continuing and enduring friendship between our two countries.”[10]

There were also fears of clashes with populations in Ethiopia.[11]

On July 1, 1960, five days after the former British Somaliland protectorate obtained independence as the State of Somaliland, the territory united as scheduled with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic (Somalia).[3][4]

A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister, later to become President (from 1967–1969). On July 20, 1961 and through a popular referendum, the Somali people ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960.[12]

Use of state as a precedent for Somaliland

Somaliland is a self-declared sovereign state that is recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia by the international community.[13][14] Its government regards the territory as the successor state to the State of Somaliland,[15][16] and seeks self-determination as the Republic of Somaliland.[17][18][19]

References

  1. ^ a b Somalia - British Somaliland and Somaliland
  2. ^ a b http://wardheernews.com/Articles_09/June/Roobdoon_Forum/29_Independence_week_series.html
  3. ^ a b Somalia
  4. ^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835
  5. ^ Paolo Contini, The Somali Republic: an experiment in legal integration, (Routledge, 1969), p.6.
  6. ^ a b c http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/anotes_0211.pdf
  7. ^ a b http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/united-states-dept-of-state-office-of-public-co/department-of-state-bulletin-volume-v-43-jul--sep1960-tin/page-25-department-of-state-bulletin-volume-v-43-jul--sep1960-tin.shtml
  8. ^ https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1958-60v14/d62
  9. ^ THE BRENTHURST FOUNDATION Strengthening Africa’s economic performance AFRICAN GAme ChANGeR? The Consequences of Somaliland’s International (Non) Recognition

    This list includes China (Republic of ), Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Israel, Libya, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, and the United States.
  10. ^ http://www.biyokulule.com/view_content.php?articleid=1987
  11. ^ "Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule" (fee required). The New York Times. 1960-06-26. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
  12. ^ Greystone Press Staff, The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338
  13. ^ Lacey, Marc (2006-06-05). "The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  14. ^ "The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic" (PDF). University of Pretoria. 2004-02-01. Retrieved 2010-02-02. "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
  15. ^ "Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule" (fee required). The New York Times. 1960-06-26. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
  16. ^ "How Britain said farewell to its Empire". BBC News. 2010-07-23.
  17. ^ "Country Profile". Government of Somaliland. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  18. ^ Schoiswohl, Michael (2004). Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law. University of Michigan: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 351. ISBN 978-90-04-13655-7.
  19. ^ "Regions and Territories: Somaliland". BBC News. 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2010-02-02.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_of_Somaliland&diff=prev&oldid=730000713

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