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{{Infobox church |
{{Infobox church |
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| name = St Leonard's Church, Hythe |
| name = St Leonard's Church, Hythe |
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| province = [[Province of Canterbury|Canterbury]] |
| province = [[Province of Canterbury|Canterbury]] |
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'''St Leonard's Church''' is parish church in [[Hythe, Kent|Hythe]], [[Kent]]. It was originally built in the late 11th century and is a Grade I listed building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1068961|title=THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST LEONARD, Hythe - 1068961 |
'''St Leonard's Church''' is parish church in [[Hythe, Kent|Hythe]], [[Kent]]. It was originally built in the late 11th century and is a Grade I listed building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1068961|title=THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST LEONARD, Hythe - 1068961 {{pipe}} Historic England|website=historicengland.org.uk}}</ref> |
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== Building == |
== Building == |
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The large 11th-century church is up the hill; the tower at its eastern end was destroyed by an earth tremor in 1739 and restored in 1750. |
The large 11th-century church is up the hill; the tower at its eastern end was destroyed by an earth tremor in 1739 and restored in 1750. |
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On pillars on the south side of the nave is mediaeval graffiti depicting ships. The vestry door, on the north side of the nave is an early Norman doorway. It has been suggested that this, which in late mediaeval times was apparently on the outer wall of the church, was once an internal wall, with the earlier Norman church a stage higher up the hill. This would make the existing chapel of St Edmund (or north transept) the original chancel, with the original nave being on the other side of the north wall. Evidence of earlier masonry is visible on the north wall. Going round into the north transept, it is clear that Roman masonry was re-used in the building of the arch, which is narrow and late-Saxon in style. At the time of Hasted's 'History of Kent' this doorway was blocked up and not visible on the inside.<ref>Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent 2nd ed |
On pillars on the south side of the nave is mediaeval graffiti depicting ships. The vestry door, on the north side of the nave is an early Norman doorway. It has been suggested that this, which in late mediaeval times was apparently on the outer wall of the church, was once an internal wall, with the earlier Norman church a stage higher up the hill. This would make the existing chapel of St Edmund (or north transept) the original chancel, with the original nave being on the other side of the north wall. Evidence of earlier masonry is visible on the north wall. Going round into the north transept, it is clear that Roman masonry was re-used in the building of the arch, which is narrow and late-Saxon in style. At the time of Hasted's 'History of Kent' this doorway was blocked up and not visible on the inside.<ref>Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent 2nd ed 1797–1801 viii 249–251</ref> |
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A new vestry was added in 1959. |
A new vestry was added in 1959. |
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== Crypt == |
== Crypt == |
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[[File:St Leonard's church ossuary, Hythe - skulls.jpg|thumb|right|Skulls in the ossuary]] |
[[File:St Leonard's church ossuary, Hythe - skulls.jpg|thumb|right|Skulls in the ossuary]] |
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St Leonard's Church is one of only two churches in England to contain a surviving [[Crypt|crypt/ossurary]], the other being [[Rothwell, |
St Leonard's Church is one of only two churches in England to contain a surviving [[Crypt|crypt/ossurary]], the other being [[Rothwell, Northamptonshire#Holy Trinity Church|Holy Trinity church in Rothwell, Northamptonshire]].<ref name="wasleys">{{cite web|url=http://wasleys.org.uk/eleanor/churches/england/south/southeast/hythe/index.html|website=wasleys.org.uk|title=St Leonard’s Church, Hythe|access-date=2022-12-23}}</ref> It has "the largest and best-preserved collection of ancient human skulls and bones in Britain".<ref name="auto"/> |
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The chancel, from 1220, covers a processional [[ossuary]] (a bone store, more commonly found on the continent) lined with 2,000 skulls and 8,000 thigh bones. They date from the mediaeval period, probably having been stored after removal, to make way for new graves. This was common in England, but bones were usually dispersed, and this is thus a rare collection. Several of the skulls show marks of [[trepanning]]. |
The chancel, from 1220, covers a processional [[ossuary]] (a bone store, more commonly found on the continent) lined with 2,000 skulls and 8,000 thigh bones. They date from the mediaeval period, probably having been stored after removal, to make way for new graves. This was common in England, but bones were usually dispersed, and this is thus a rare collection. Several of the skulls show marks of [[trepanning]]. |
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The ossuary is estimated to contain the remains of around |
The ossuary is estimated to contain the remains of around 2000–4000 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slhk.org/theossuary.htm|title=The Ossuary (Crypt) - The Parish of St Leonard, Hythe|website=www.slhk.org}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 09:15, 23 December 2022
| St Leonard's Church, Hythe | |
|---|---|
 The church as viewed from the south. | |
  Location within Kent | |
| 51°04′22″N 1°05′03″E / 51.072799°N 1.084108°E | |
| Location | Hythe, Kent |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | slhk |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I |
| Designated | 3 January 1950 |
| Completed | Late 11th century[1][2] |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Canterbury |
| Archdeaconry | Ashford |
| Deanery | Elham |
| Parish | Hythe |
St Leonard's Church is parish church in Hythe, Kent. It was originally built in the late 11th century and is a Grade I listed building.[3]
Building
The large 11th-century church is up the hill; the tower at its eastern end was destroyed by an earth tremor in 1739 and restored in 1750.
On pillars on the south side of the nave is mediaeval graffiti depicting ships. The vestry door, on the north side of the nave is an early Norman doorway. It has been suggested that this, which in late mediaeval times was apparently on the outer wall of the church, was once an internal wall, with the earlier Norman church a stage higher up the hill. This would make the existing chapel of St Edmund (or north transept) the original chancel, with the original nave being on the other side of the north wall. Evidence of earlier masonry is visible on the north wall. Going round into the north transept, it is clear that Roman masonry was re-used in the building of the arch, which is narrow and late-Saxon in style. At the time of Hasted's 'History of Kent' this doorway was blocked up and not visible on the inside.[4]
A new vestry was added in 1959.
History
St Leonard's Church was originally completed in the late 11th Century.
Burials and memorials
Lionel Lukin, credited with inventing the self-righting lifeboat, is buried in the parish churchyard.[5]
Crypt
St Leonard's Church is one of only two churches in England to contain a surviving crypt/ossurary, the other being Holy Trinity church in Rothwell, Northamptonshire.[6] It has "the largest and best-preserved collection of ancient human skulls and bones in Britain".[1] The chancel, from 1220, covers a processional ossuary (a bone store, more commonly found on the continent) lined with 2,000 skulls and 8,000 thigh bones. They date from the mediaeval period, probably having been stored after removal, to make way for new graves. This was common in England, but bones were usually dispersed, and this is thus a rare collection. Several of the skulls show marks of trepanning.
The ossuary is estimated to contain the remains of around 2000–4000 individuals.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b "St Leonard's Church and Ossuary, Hythe". www.visitfolkestoneandhythe.co.uk.
- ^ "The history of St Leonard's church - The Parish of St Leonard, Hythe". www.slhk.org.
- ^ "THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST LEONARD, Hythe - 1068961 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk.
- ^ Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent 2nd ed 1797–1801 viii 249–251
- ^ "Lionel Lukin (1742-1834) - Find a Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
- ^ "St Leonard's Church, Hythe". wasleys.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "The Ossuary (Crypt) - The Parish of St Leonard, Hythe". www.slhk.org.